ABSTRACT
Abordam-se as mortes e doenças de escravos no município canavieiro paulista de Capivari, associando as causas atribuídas a esses falecimentos ao contexto social e econômico e às características das comunidades escravas locais. Enfatiza-se o impacto da malária, relacionando-o às faixas etárias, ao ambiente criado pela lavoura canavieira e à evolução da ocupação do local, inicialmente fronteira expansiva. Explora-se o relacionamento entre doença e processos de trabalho, assim como a mortalidade pós-desembarque de africanos e a possibilidade de crises de mortalidade entre os cativos da cana. Os resultados conduzem à discussão sobre o impacto do habitat e dos deslocamentos e choques atlânticos.
The deaths and diseases of slaves in the São Paulo State sugarcane municipality of Capivari are addressed, associating the causes attributed to these deaths to the social and economic context and characteristics of the local slave communities. The impact of malaria, relating it to the age brackets, the environment created by work on the sugarcane plantations and the evolution of the occupation of the area, initially by expanding frontiers, is emphasized. The relationship between illness and work processes, as well as the post-disembarkation mortality of Africans and the possibility of mortality crises among the sugarcane captives is explored. The results lead to a discussion of the impact of habitat and Atlantic displacement and the difficulty in acclimatizing.
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 19th Century , Disease/history , Saccharum , Enslaved Persons/history , Brazil/epidemiology , Human Trafficking/history , Manuals as Topic , MortalityABSTRACT
Dans un travail antérieur (Jodelet, 2012) on a abordé, à propos des représentations du passé historique, le conflit qui opposait groupes mémoriels et spécialistes de la science historique dans l'interprétation de la traite des noirs et de l'esclavage dans les anciennes colonies françaises en Afrique. Dans la présente continuation, ce thème est examiné du point de vue de populations françaises concernées par les retombées, matérielles et morales, de cet épisode historique. Cet examen a pour cadre Nantes, ville portuaire où le trafic négrier a été le plus important. Il s'agit alors moins d'étudier des postures doctrinales ou des positions de mouvements institutionnalisés que des réponses collectives suscitées par la confrontation avec des pratiques passées ayant un impact sur l'image de la ville et les sentiments des habitants. Cette perspective permet de traiter d'un aspect important de la mémoire collective: celui des traces du passé inscrites dans l'espace dont Halbwachs (1925, 1941, 1950) a été le premier à poser les cadres d'une analyse en termes de psychologie collective.
In a previous paper (Jodelet, 2012) we investigated the representations of a historical past, more specifically a conflict between memorial groups and specialists of historical science about the interpretation of the black slavery and slavery on the old french colonial Africa. in this continuation of the previous paper, the point of view of the french population concerned by material and moral consequences of this historical episode is presented. This work in circumscribed in Nantes, a port city where the black slavery was the most important. The question here is not much to study doctrinal postures or institutionalized movements positions but to focus on collective responses that emerge after the confrontation with past practices that have an impact on the image of the city and the feelings of the inhabitants. This perspective allows us to deal with an important aspect of collective memory: the traces of the past recorded in the space, from which Halbwachs (1925, 1941, 1950) was the first to set the framework of a collective psychology analysis.