Utilización de modelos experimentales para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje del control vascular del abdomen durante la formación en cirugía general / Use of experimental models for the teaching and learning of vascular control of the abdomen during training in general

Introducción: El traumatismo abdominal es una de las consultas más frecuentes en los servicios de urgencia. El aprendizaje del control de las lesiones vasculares abdominales es un desafío constante para el cirujano. La correcta identificación de las estructuras anatómicas y manejo de las lesiones de las mismas permiten disminuir los potenciales eventos adversos y la morbimortalidad de los pacientes quirúrgicos. Objetivos: Demostrar la necesidad de utilización de modelos experimentales para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje del control vascular del abdomen en el trauma abdominal. Material y Método: Se consideraron dos periodos, entre los meses de Junio 2014 y Marzo 2016. El primer periodo se realizó jornadas de observación y aprendizaje de la anatomía en 15 cadáveres formolizados. En el segundo periodo se realizaron maniobras y abordajes para el control vascular en 5 modelos cadavéricos frescos y en 12 modelos experimentales animales vivos. Se realizaron evaluaciones mediante evaluación directa con posterior feedback. Se consideraron 10 médicos residentes de cirugía general del Hospital Aeronáutico Central. Resultados: Se intervinieron modelos animados porcinos en los cuales realizaron: M. Matox (60%), M. Catell-Brasch (50%), M. Pringle (40%), Clampeo Hilio Renal (90%), Clampeo Hilio Esplénico (90%), Packing Pélvico Subperitoneal (20%). Los restantes debieron finalizar el procedimiento con asistencia del médico especialista. Se intervinieron cadáveres frescos en los cuales realizaron: M. Matox (80%), M. Catell-Brasch (70%), M. Pringle (70%), Clampeo Hilio Renal (90%), Clampeo Hilio Esplénico (90%), Packing Pélvico Subperitoneal (60%). Los restantes requirieron asistencia de médico especialista para realizar correctamente el procedimiento. 8 (80%) médicos residentes lograron reconocer las estructuras anatómicas en todos los procedimientos. Se realizaron las estaciones de feedback correspondiente a cada residente. Conclusión: La utilización de nuevas herramientas educativas y la implementación de alternativas en los programas de formación generan resultados satisfactorios en el desempeño de los residentes de Cirugía General. El aprendizaje de la anatomía humana normal mediante demostración cadavérica favorece el reconocimiento de las estructuras anatómicas durante el acto quirúrgico. La utilización de modelos experimentales disminuye el riesgo de producir eventos adversos en cirugía

Introduction: Abdominal trauma is one of the most frequent reason for consultation in emergency services. Learning to exert control over abdominal vascular injury is a constant challenge for the surgeon who works in the emergency department. The correct identification of anatomical structures and the correct managment of injuries are likely to reduce potential unfavorable evolutions, morbidity and mortality of surgical patients by improving the survival rate. The aim of this study is to establish the need for USING experimental models for teaching and learning abdominal vascular control in the presence of abdominal trauma.Objectives: the objective of the following work is to delimit zones of easy and quick access to approach subclavian vessels. Material and method: we used n: 30 formaldehyde cadaveric preparations which were dissected in a period from march to September 2016. After the dissection period, a period of demonstration and learning was carried out, where 10 general surgery residents were evaluated on their anatomical knowledge. In the following period, ten subclavian vessels were approached in fresh cadaveric preparations taking on account the time used for the boarding. Time limit of 2 minutes and 3 seconds was set. The residents who obtained a longer average time, repeated the demonstration and learning stage until the stipulated time was improved. Results: the correct approach of subclavian vessels with previous training provides a safe escenary for the patient. The commitment of the subclavian vessels in emergency room requires the shortest possible time to approach it, cause its injury is vital. Conclusions: The approach of subclavian vessels in neck is the special interest for training residents of general surgery. The incorporation of cadaveric models for the acquisition of skills in vascular control of subclavian vessels, decreases the morbidity and mortality of patients with vessel injury in the emergency room

Physical and mental handicapped in government institutes of Hazara division

Of the 194 physically and mentally handicapped children and adults admitted to 5 institutes of Hazara Division, 117 [57.2%] were congenitally deaf and dumb, 27 [14.0%] were Post paralytic Polio myelitis victims 24 [12.47] were blind, while 9 [4.7%] were mentally retarded. Congenital limb anomalies and post encephalitics were 4.0% each. Genetic defects and metabolic deficiencies were 2.5% of the total handicapped. Consanguinity was higher in congenital limb anomalies and in congenital deaf and dumb. Proper health facilities were not provided to these institutes and no doctors, nurses, psyiotherapists, paediatricians or psychiatrists were available or visiting these institutions