ABSTRACT
Abstract A rich, collaborative program funded by the US NIH Fogarty program in 2004 has provided for a decade of remarkable opportunities for scientific advancement through the training of Brazilian undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral students from the Federal University and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation systems at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. The focus of the program has been on the development of trainees in the broad field of Infectious Diseases, with a particular focus on diseases of importance to the Brazilian population. Talented trainees from various regions in Brazil came to Einstein to learn techniques and study fungal, parasitic and bacterial pathogens. In total, 43 trainees enthusiastically participated in the program. In addition to laboratory work, these students took a variety of courses at Einstein, presented their results at local, national and international meetings, and productively published their findings. This program has led to a remarkable synergy of scientific discovery for the participants during a time of rapid acceleration of the scientific growth in Brazil. This collaboration between Brazilian and US scientists has benefitted both countries and serves as a model for future training programs between these countries.
Subject(s)
Brazil/economics , Brazil/education , Brazil/history , Brazil , Brazil/organization & administration , Education/economics , Education/education , Education/history , Education , Education/organization & administration , /economics , /education , /history , /organization & administration , Humans/economics , Humans/education , Humans/history , Humans , Humans/organization & administration , International Cooperation/economics , International Cooperation/education , International Cooperation/history , International Cooperation , International Cooperation/organization & administration , Laboratory Personnel/economics , Laboratory Personnel/education , Laboratory Personnel/history , Laboratory Personnel , Laboratory Personnel/organization & administration , National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics , National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/education , National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/history , National Institutes of Health (U.S.) , National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/organization & administration , United States/economics , United States/education , United States/history , United States , United States/organization & administrationABSTRACT
"The history of flu in Madagascar"" : The purpose of this paper is to actualize the historical data on influenza in Madagascar. The first outbreak of flu probably occured in 1890. The first epidemic fully described was in 1893. Between 1890 and 1957; 11 outbreaks of influenza were registered. Since 1978; the unit of virology of the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar is the National Reference Center of the World Health Organization for influenza in Madagascar. Between 1975 and 2002; 12 epidemics of flu were registered confirmed by viral isolation. Madagascan terms used to design fever diseases are discussed."