Himen imperforado con hematocolpos. A propósito de un caso / Imperforate hymen with hematocolpos. Apropos of a case

RESUMEN Los defectos en la canalización de la membrana himeneal causan obstrucción del tracto genital femenino. Como consecuencia aparece hematocolpos, resultante de la acumulación y retención de secreciones cervicovaginales -sangre en útero y vagina-, ante la imposibilidad de su evacuación por la presencia de un himen imperforado. Clínicamente aparece masa abdominal, asociada con malformaciones vaginales congénitas. Se presentó el caso de una adolescente de 13 años que refirió retención urinaria, disuria, dolor y masa en hipogastrio, y ausencia de la menarquía a pesar de un desarrollo puberal en estadio Tanner III. Al realizar ultrasonido se constató sangre en el útero, debido a imperforación himeneal que se resolvió mediante himenotomía. La patología de himen imperforado con hematocolpos debe estar entre los posibles planteamientos sindrómicos de aquellas pacientes con cuadros similares; puede diagnosticarse en la Atención Primaria de Salud a partir de una detallada anamnesis y exploración física, aunque la comprobación requiere ecografía (AU).

ABSTRACT The defects in the channeling of the himeneal membrane cause obstruction in the female genital tract. As consequence hematocolpos appears, resulting from the accumulation and retention of cervicovaginal secretions -blood in the uterus and vagina-, due to the impossibility of its evacuation because of the presence of an imperforate hymen. Clinically, abdominal mass appears associated to congenital vaginal malformations. We presented the case of teenager aged 13 years that referred urine retention, dysuria, pain, had a mass in the hypogastrium, and absence of menarche in spite of a Tanner III pubertal development. An ultrasound showed blood in the uterus due to hymeneal imperforation solved through hymenotomy. The pathology of imperforate hymen with hematocolpos should be among the possible syndrome considerations in those patients with the same characteristics; it can be diagnosed in the primary health care from anamnesis and physical exploration, although the verification requires an ultrasound (AU).

Diagnóstico y manejo de Himen Imperforado en una lactante menor / Diagnosis and management of Imperforated Hymen in an infant

INTRODUCCIÓN: El himen imperforado es la malformación congénita más frecuente del tracto genital femenino. La mayoría de los casos no se pesquisan en la infancia, debido a un examen genital insuficiente. Su diagnóstico y resolución deben ser precoces y definitivas para evitar complicaciones posteriores. OBJETIVO: Presentar el caso de una lactante portadora de himen imperforado, y actualizar la información sobre las técnicas de examen genital para detectar esta patología en forma precoz y su tratamiento. CASO CLÍNICO: Lactante de 3 meses, consultó por aumento de volumen protruyente en la zona del introito. En el examen físico se realizó maniobra de valsalva que dio salida a una masa homogénea, nacarada de superficie lisa, entre los labios mayores, sugerente himen imperforado. Se complementó el estudio con ultrasonido ginecológico, el que demostró la presencia de hidrocolpos, descartando otras anomalías. Se realizó una himenotomía, que dio salida a abundante material seroso, sin mal olor, y luego se completó la himenectomía mediante la resección de la membrana himeneal. En control al 4to mes posterior a la intervención se constató un himen ampliamente permeable. CONCLUSIÓN: Los equipos de atención neonatal, requieren capacitación acerca de la técnica correcta del examen genital externo de la recién nacida y lactante. La himenectomía es la técnica que permite resolver definitiva mente el cuadro evitando complicaciones.

INTRODUCTION: Imperforated hymen is the most frequent congenital malformation of the female genital tract. Most cases are not investigated in childhood, due to an insufficient genital examination. Its diagnosis and resolution must be early and definitive to avoid subsequent complications. OBJECTIVE: A clinical case of an infant with imperforated himen is presented. To update on genital examination technique necessary to detect this pathology in the newborn and infants, and the proper treatment. CLINICAL CASE: 3-months-old infant that consulted due to an increase in bulging volume in the introitus area. In the physical examination, the Valsalva's maneuver was performed allowed the ex pulsion of a homogeneous pearly mass with a smooth surface, between the labia majora, suggesting imperforate hymen. The study was complemented with gynecological ultrasound, which demons trated the presence of hydrocolpos, ruling out other anomalies. A hymenotomy was performed, which allowed for the evacuation of abundant serous material, with no bad smell, and then the hymenectomy was completed by resection of the hymenal membrane. In follow-up monitoring 4 months after the intervention, a widely permeable hymen was found. CONCLUSION: Neonatal care teams require training on the correct technique of external genital examination of the newborn and infant. Hymenectomy is the technique that allows definitely resolving the condition, avoiding complications.

Dolor abdominal como síntoma de himen imperforado / Abdominal pain as a symptom of imperforate hymen

El himen imperforado es una anomalía congénita del desarrollo genital femenino. A pesar de ser la anomalía obstructiva más frecuente, presenta una incidencia estimada del 0,1% de las recién nacidas. Su diagnóstico es principalmente clínico, habitualmente ante la presencia de dolor abdominal cíclico en una adolescente que no ha presentado la menarquia. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 12 años de edad que acudió al Servicio de Urgencias por dolor abdominal intenso, acompañado de alteración del hábito intestinal de dos días de evolución. Tras una detallada anamnesis y exploración física, es diagnosticada de himen imperforado con el apoyo de las pruebas complementarias. El cuadro clínico se resolvió tras la realización de una himenectomía.

Imperforate hymen is a congenital anomaly of female genital development. Although it is the most common obstructive anomaly has an estimated incidence of 0.1% of newborn. The diagnosis is primarily clinical, usually in the presence of cyclic abdominal pain in an adolescent who has not submitted menarche. We report the case of a 12 years old woman came to the emergency department by abdominal intense pain accompanied by altered bowel habit in two days. After a detailed history and physical examination, was diagnosed with imperforate hymen with the support of additional tests. The clinical symptoms resolved after performing a hymenectomy.

Himen imperforado como causa de dolor abdominal en la adolescencia: A propósito de un caso / Imperforate hymen as a cause of abdominal pain in adolescents: a case report

El himen imperforado es una anomalía congénita del desarrollo genital femenino. Es una patología poco frecuente, con una incidencia estimada del 0,1% de los recién nacidos del sexo femenino. En muchas ocasiones, el diagnóstico pasa inadvertido hasta la pubertad y debuta con dolor abdominal cíclico en adolescentes que no han presentado la menarquia. El diagnóstico se basa en la anamnesis y la exploración física, aunque las pruebas complementarias, en especial la ecografía, permiten la comprobación del diagnóstico clínico y la exclusión de otras malformaciones genitales. Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente de 13 años que fue diagnosticada tras consultar en varias ocasiones por dolor abdominal recurrente.

The imperforate hymen is a congenital anomaly of the female genital development. This is a rare pathology with an estimated incidence of 0.1% in female newborns. In many cases, the diagnosis goes unnoticed until puberty, debuting with cyclical abdominal pain in adolescents who have not submitted menarche. Diagnosis is based on history and physical examination, although additional tests, especially the ultrasound that allows to confrm clinical diagnosis and to exclude other genital malformations. We report a case of a 13-year-old that was diagnosed after consulting several times for recurrent abdominal pain.

Abdômen agudo secundário a hímen imperfurado: relato de caso / Acute abdomen secondary to imperforate hymen: a case report

O hímen imperfurado (HI) é a causa congênita mais comum de obstrução do fluxo genital no sexo feminino. Embora seja detectável em todas as faixas etárias pela inspeção da genitália externa, o HI é um diagnóstico que muitas vezes passa despercebido. Relatamos o caso de uma adolescente virgem, com desenvolvimento normal de caracteres sexuais secundários, ausência de menarca, que apresentou um quadro clínico de abdome agudo secundário à hematocolpo por hímen imperfurado.

Imperforate hymen is the most common congenital cause of genital flow obstruction in females. Although it is noticeable in all ages by the inspection of external genitalia, imperforate hymen is commonly misdiagnosed. We present a case in which a virgo intacta adolescent, with normal secondary sexual characters, without menarche, that evolved to acute abdomen and hematocolpus due to imperforate hymen.

Imperfuração himenal: seguimento de caso por dois anos / Imperforate hymen: follow-up case for two years

A imperfuração himenal é uma anomalia na qual o orifício vaginal é totalmente ocluído, o que retém a secreção menstrual. A incidência é variável com taxas de 0,014% a 0,1% em fetos a termo. No período pré-púbere, geralmente é assintomática. Descreve-se o caso de uma paciente de 15 anos de idade que procurou atendimento médico com queixa de dor no abdome inferior, aumento de volume abdominal progressivo em um ano e piora na primeira semana de cada mês. A história e o exame físico direcionaram ao diagnóstico de imperfuração himenal, confirmada como massa cística pélvica na ultrassonografia. O propósito deste relato é ilustrar a ocorrência de imperfuração himenal e seguimento pela ultrassonografia posterior à himenectomia, indicando prognóstico bom nos casos de imperfuração himenal sem anomalias do trato urinário.

The imperforate hymen is an anomaly in which the vaginal opening is completely occluded, causing retention of menstrual discharge. The incidence is very controversial and variable, ranging from 0.014% to 0.1% in fetuses at term. In the pre-puberty are usually asymptomatic. The authors describe the case of a 15-year-old patient who sought medical care complaining of pain in lower abdomen, progressive abdominal distention in one year and a worsening in the first week of each month. The history and physical examination directed to the diagnosis of imperforate hymen confirmed as a cystic mass on pelvic ultrasound. The purpose of this report is to illustrate the occurrence of imperforate hymen and follow-up ultrasonography after himenectomia, indicating good prognosis in cases of imperforate hymen without urinary tract abnormalities.

Hematocolpos secundario a himen imperforado en la adolescencia: a propósito de un caso / Secondary hematocolpus to imperforate hymen in the adolescence: a case report

Las anomalías congénitas del desarrollo de los genitales externos son muy poco frecuentes en las niñas. El himen imperforado es un proceso mucho menos frecuente donde el himen carece del orificio central por el que se drenan las secreciones cervicales y uterinas. Se presenta un caso de himen imperforado, en una paciente no virgen de 13 años de edad con antecedentes de amenorrea, dolores en bajo vientre de forma cíclica con intervalos de aproximadamente 22 días y aumento de volumen en hipogastrio, la misma fue atendida en nuestro servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica. Se realiza interrogatorio, examen físico y como método complementario se realizó ultrasonido diagnóstico donde se observaron imágenes sugestivas de hematocolpos. La paciente fue intervenida quirúrgicamente de forma electiva, se realizó incisión de la membrana himeneal, con evacuación del contenido sanguinolento, confirmándose el diagnóstico. No se presentaron complicaciones y la paciente fue egresada con seguimiento médico satisfactorio.

The congenital anomalies of the development of external genitals are very rare in girls. The imperforate hymen is a much more infrequent process where the hymen lacks the central orifice by which the cervical and uterine secretions are drained. A case of imperforate hymen is presented, in a no-virgin patient of 13 years of age with amenorrhoea antecedents, lower-abdomen pains of cyclical form with intervals of approximately 22 days and volume increase in hypogastrium, the patient was seen in the Pediatric Surgery Service. Examination, checkup and diagnostic ultrasound, as complementary method, were carried out, where suggestive images of hematocolpos were observed. Elective Gynaecological Surgery and incision of the hymeneal membrane was performed, with evacuation of the bleeding content, confirming the diagnosis. Complications did not appear and the patient was discharged with satisfactory medical monitoring.

Himen imperforado como causa de abdomen agudo ginecológico / Imperforated hymen as cause of gynecologic acute abdomen

Se describe el caso de una paciente con himen imperforado que debuta con dolor abdominal agudo. Se resalta la utilidad de la ecografía ginecológica para realizar el diagnóstico de hematocolpometra. Se debe considerar al himen imperforado como causa de abdomen agudo ginecológico en mujeres con pseudoamenorrea primaria.

Hidrometrocolpos: presentación de un caso / Hydrometrocolpos: presentation of a Case

El hidrometrocolpos es una obstrucción a nivel del tracto genital femenino, que aparece en la etapa neonatal como una masa en hemiabdomen inferior, por encima de la sínfisis del pubis. Presentamos recién nacida pretérmino, con edad gestacional de 33,4 semanas por método de Capurro, producto de parto eutócico, apgar 2/5, peso 1954 gr, que presenta masa abdominal constatada durante la reanimación cardiopulmonar realizada inmediatamente después del nacimiento. Al examen físico posterior se observa la presencia de gran aumento de volumen en región perineal que afecta los genitales externos, borramiento del pliegue interglúteo, e himen imperforado. Durante el estudio se constata riñón poliquístico del lado derecho e hidronefrosis severa del lado izquierdo, así como gran masa intrabdominal de contenido líquido. Se plantea el diagnóstico de hidrometrocolpos y se procede a la realización de intervención quirúrgica que consistió en perforación del himen, obteniéndose la salida de aproximadamente 200ml de líquido procedente de la vagina. Después de lo cual se produce la regresión de las estructuras anatómicas paulatinamente.

The hydrometrocolpos is an obstruction at the level of female genital tract that appears during the neonatal stage as a mass in the lower hemi abdomen, over the synphisis of the pubis. It is presented a 33, 4-weeks-gestational-newborn girl, by means of Bud method, due to a euthocic birth, apgar 5/2, and weight 1954gr, who has an abdominal mass noted during the Cardiopulmonar reanimation made immediately after her birth. In the later physical exam it is observed the presence of a great increasement of volume in the perineal area that affects the external genitals, erasing of the intergluteal fold, imperforated hymen. During this study it is also noted polycystic kidney disease in the right side and a sever hydronephrohydrosis in the left side, as well as a great intra-abdominal mass with a liquid content. The diagnosis of hydrometrocolpus is posed and then a surgery is made to pierce the hymen, obtaining the outlet of 200ml of liquid approximately, coming from the vagina. After this, the regression of the anatomical structures is gradually produced.

Himen imperforado en la pubertad: a raíz de un caso clínico / Imperforate hymen in the puberty: clinical case

Se presenta un caso de himen imperforado y su resolución quirúrgica llegando a presentar abdomen agudo con secuelas.

Hematocolpos: a diagnostic trap

The heamatocolpos is a retention of menstrual bleeding in the vaginal cavity. The main etiological factor is imperforate hymen. According to the literature data and this observation, this affection is discovered at puberty and could reveal other malformations notably uterine and renal. The diagnosis can be easily confirmed in front of some clinical signs, as amenorrhoea with periodic pelvic pains and the inspection of vulvoperineal area. However normal hymen does not eliminate the diagnosis. The heamato colpos can be top of obstructed hemivagina. The pelvic ultrasonic scan is essential to check up any associated malformation. Delayed diagnosis may give rise to some complications [endometritis, infection] which may interfere with the prognosis of ulterior fertility. The treatment of these malformations is surgical more often through the vaginal approach. The prevention of this affection depends on the early diagnosis of malformation at birth by a careful inspection of vulvoperinial area and its treatment during the prepubertal period

Duplicación utero-vaginal completa con himen imperforado y agenesia renal unilateral : a proposito de 1 caso / Complete utero-vaginal duplication with imperforated hymen and unilateral and agenesis: due to one case

Reportamos el caso de una niña de 4 meses de edad que presentó desde el nacimiento un hematometrocolpos por un himen imperforado de una duplicación útero-vaginal completa, asociada a agenesia renal ipilateral. El abombamiento del himen distendido en la vulva fue el único signo de presentación. Se realizó resección humeneal. Se destacan los elementos relevantes del diagnóstico y la simplicidad del tratamiento quirúrgico. Malformaciones uterinas; malformaciones vaginales, agenesia renal

Imperforate hymen: a new technique for management

Imperforate hymen is a rare congenital anomaly. It may present early in infancy due to accumulation of secretion in vagina caused by excessive intrauterine stimulation of cervical mucous glands by maternal estrogen. Most cases present by urinary symptoms caused by hydrometrocolpos as well as bulging of imperforate hymen between the labia. 9 cases have been operated upon in Pediatric Surgical Department by hymenostomy. A new technique was used to drain the hydrometrocolpos and at the same time preserving the hymen intact and not deflorated. Follow up by ultrasound scanning showed that the technique is sufficient for drainage and no recurrence occurred

Hematometra por hematocolpo secundario a himen imperforado: reporte de un caso / Hematometra by secundary hematocolpo to imperforate hymen: report a case

Hematometra por hematocolpo secundario a himen imperforado. Reporte de un caso: paciente de 16 años, diagnosticada y manejada en el Centro Materno Infantil San Lorenzo de los Mina, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana

Himen imperforado / Imperforate hymen

Se presenta un caso clínico de himen imperforado. Se describe el rol de la ecografía en su manejo y las alternativas terapéuticas actuales