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1.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 67(6): 1539-1546, nov.-dez. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-768151

ABSTRACT

To test clinically whether a small dose of ifenprodil can enhance the anti-hyperalgesic effect of ketamine in dogs, a prospective randomized cross-over study was done with eight mongrel dogs (weighing 16.9 ± 3.7kg). Animals received two distinct treatments: ketamine (0.3mg kg-1; KT) and an ifenprodil plus ketamine combination (0.03mg kg-1 and 0.3mg kg-1, respectively; IKT). Dogs were anesthetized with propofol (5mg kg-1 intravenously) and a subarachnoid needle was placed between the 5th and 6th lumbar vertebrae. Five minutes after subarachnoid injection of KT or IKT, an incision including cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues was made on the common pad of one hind limb and was immediately closed with a simple interrupted suture pattern. The dogs were treated again 20 days later, using the contralateral pad and the opposite treatment. Sedation score (SS), lameness score (LS), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (fR), and mechanical nociceptive threshold using von Frey filaments, were evaluated before anesthesia and at 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after subarachnoid injection. There were no differences in SS, LS, HR or fR between treatments. The intensity of hyperalgesia was higher in KT than in IKT for 24 hours. The anti-hyperalgesic effect of IKT remained without statistical significant difference between 1 and 24 h. Prior subarachnoid administration of ifenprodil enhances the anti-hyperalgesic effect of subarachnoid ketamine in dogs. Ifenprodil can be co-administrated with ketamine to enhance its anti-hyperalgesic effect and to reduce acute post-incisional hyperalgesia without motor impairment and sedation.


Com a finalidade de testar se uma dose baixa de ifenprodil pode melhorar a ação anti-hiperalgésica da cetamina em cães, um estudo randomizado prospectivo no formato cross-over foi realizado em oito cães sem raça definida (pesando 16,9±3.7kg). Os animais receberam dois tratamentos distintos: cetamina (0,3mg kg-1; KT) e a associação de ifenprodil com cetamina (0,03mg kg-1 e 0,3mg kg-1, respectivamente; IKT). Os cães foram anestesiados com propofol (5mg kg-1, via intravenosa), e uma agulha subaracnoidea foi introduzida entre a quinta e sexta vértebras lombares. Após cinco minutos da injeção subaracnoidea de KT ou IKT, uma incisão abrangendo os tecidos cutâneo e subcutâneo foi realizada no coxim plantar comum de um dos membros pélvicos e imediatamente fechada com um padrão de sutura simples e interrompido. Os cães foram novamente tratados após 20 dias, usando-se o coxim plantar contralateral e o outro tratamento. Os escores de sedação (SS) e claudicação (LS); as frequências cardíacas (HR) e respiratória (fR) e o limiar nociceptivo ao estímulo mecânico, utilizando os filamentos de von Frey, foram avaliados antes da anestesia e uma, uma e meia; duas; três; quatro; oito; 12 e 24 horas após a injeção subaracnoidea. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas em SS, LS, HR ou na fR entre os tratamentos. A intensidade da hiperalgesia foi maior em KT que em IKT nas 24 horas. O efeito anti-hiperalgésico de IKT se manteve sem diferença significativa entre os tempos uma hora e 24 horas. A administração prévia de ifenprodil aumentou a ação anti-hiperalgésica da cetamina subaracnoidea em cães. O ifenprodil pode ser coadministrado com cetamina para aumentar seu efeito anti-hiperalgésico e reduzir a hiperlagesia aguda pós-incisional, sem alterações motoras e sedação.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Analgesia/veterinary , Hyperalgesia/prevention & control , Hyperalgesia/veterinary , Ketamine/therapeutic use , Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitors , Subarachnoid Space
2.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 30(9): 777-782, set. 2010. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-562962

ABSTRACT

Pain in animals has been recognized for less than one century. Several authors confirm that animals are capable to process, register and modulate nociceptive stimuli in a very similar way to human kind and there are several evidences registering the impact of pain sensation over vital systems interfering on disease outcome. Nevertheless, despite some evidences that animals, as human beings, can store information from past painful experiences less is known about how this so called pain memory works. The aims of this study were: to evaluate if the response to a painful stimuli differs during different stages of life and if repetition of a same acute stimuli in the same animal interferes with expression of hyperalgesia. Thus, 60 rats were selected and arranged in 3 equal groups: 3 months, 6 months, and 9 months of age. All animals were injected 5 percent formalin solution in the plantar face of hind paw under volatile general anesthesia. Von Frey filaments were applied at 1h, 24h and 48h after sensitization. Injection was repeated twice with a 30-day interval, each time in a different hind paw. Results showed that younger rats express lower hyperalgesia thresholds in the first stimulation compared to elder animals and that repetition of same stimulus diminishes hyperalgesia thresholds when it begins during infant period and augments hyperalgesia thresholds when it begins during elder ages.


A dor nos animais tem sido reconhecida há pouco manos de um século. Vários autores reconhecem que os animais são capazes de processar, registrar e modular estímulos nociceptivos de modo muito similar aos seres humanos e há várias evidências registrando o impacto da sensação dolorosa sobre os sistemas vitais e curso da doença. Entretanto, a despeito das evidências de que os animais, como os seres humanos, podem armazenar informações passadas de experiências dolorosas pouco se sabe sobre como a chamada memoria de dor funciona. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: avaliar se a resposta a um estímulo doloroso difere em diferentes fases da vida e se a repetição de um mesmo estímulo doloroso agudo no mesmo animal interfere na expressão da hiperalgesia. Assim, 60 ratos foram selecionados e agrupados em três grupos iguais: 3 meses, 6 meses e 9 meses. Foi injetada solução de formalina 5 por cento na face plantar de todos os animais durante anestesia. O limiar de hiperalgesia foi testado pelo método de filamentos de Von Frey à 1h, 24h e 48h após a sensibilização. A injecão foi repetida duas vezes com intervalo de 30 dias, uma vez em cada membro. Os resultados demonstraram que animais mais jovens possuem limiares menores de hiperalgesia na primeira estimulação, comparados com os mais velhos e que a repetição de um mesmo estímulo doloroso agudo diminui o limiar de hiperalgesia quando o primeiro estímulo ocorre nas idades mais tenras e aumenta o limiar quando se inicia em idades mais avançadas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Hyperalgesia/chemically induced , Hyperalgesia/psychology , Hyperalgesia/veterinary , Pain Measurement , Pain Measurement/methods , Pain Measurement/veterinary
3.
Journal of Veterinary Science ; : 343-349, 2002.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-148804

ABSTRACT

In this study, we aimed to determine the antinociceptive and/or anti-inflammatory effect of Bang-Poong (BP, Radix Ledebouriellae) on Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Traditionally, BP has been used to treat several inflammatory diseases such as arthritis. Whole BP is extracted into two fractions that were ethylacetate and hexane-soluble fractions. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats (n=30, 130-150 g) were subcutaneously administered by the Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) into the plantar surface of right hindpaw. Twelve days after the injection of FCA, the rats initially showed typical inflammatory edema and arthritis-related symptoms on the contralateral side (i.e. left hindpaw). Both antinociceptive (evaluation of mechanical, thermal pain threshold and analysis of spinal Fos expression) and anti- inflammatory (evaluation of paw edema, serum interleukin-6 level and x-ray analysis) effect of BP extracts were examined. The ethylacetate fraction of BP (BPE) significantly suppressed the FCA-induced paw edema as well as the serum level of interleukin-6 and it alleviated the radiological changes. Moreover, both mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia were attenuated by the treatment of BPE. In addition, spinal Fos expression that was increased by FCA- injection was suppressed in BPE group. Therefore, this study showed that BPE produced significant both antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects on FCA- induced arthritis in rats, while hexane fraction of BP did not show these effects. In conclusion, it is suggested that the ethylacetate fraction of BP is recommended to alleviate the arthritis-related symptoms in human according to the results of this study.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Analgesics/pharmacology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , Edema/veterinary , Hindlimb/diagnostic imaging , Hyperalgesia/veterinary , Interleukin-6/blood , Pain Measurement/veterinary , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Spinal Cord/metabolism
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