Curcumin restores mitochondrial functions and decreases lipid peroxidation in liver and kidneys of diabetic db/db mice

BACKGROUND: Nitrosative and oxidative stress play a key role in obesity and diabetes-related mitochondrial dysfunction. The objective was to investigate the effect of curcumin treatment on state 3 and 4 oxygen consumption, nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, ATPase activity and lipid oxidation in mitochondria isolated from liver and kidneys of diabetic db/db mice. RESULTS: Hyperglycaemia increased oxygen consumption and decreased NO synthesis in liver mitochondria isolated from diabetic mice relative to the control mice. In kidney mitochondria, hyperglycaemia increased state 3 oxygen consumption and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) levels in diabetic mice relative to control mice. Interestingly, treating db/db mice with curcumin improved or restored these parameters to normal levels; also curcumin increased liver mitochondrial ATPase activity in db/db mice relative to untreated db/db mice. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that hyperglycaemia modifies oxygen consumption rate, NO synthesis and increases TBARS levels in mitochondria from the liver and kidneys of diabetic mice, whereas curcumin may have a protective role against these alterations.

Grãos latino-americanos tradicionais: compostos polifenólicos, capacidade antioxidante e potencial anti-hiperglicêmico e anti-hipertensivo in vitro / Traditional latin-american grains: polyphenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity and anti-hyperglycemia and anti-hypertension potential in vitro

A incidência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis como a diabetes tipo 2 e complicações cardiovasculares tem aumentado significativamente, e tem-se associado principalmente às mudanças nos hábitos alimentares tradicionais. O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar diferentes cultivares de feijão, lupino e grãos da região dos Andes quanto a seus compostos fenólicos antioxidantes, capacidade antioxidante e potencial anti-hiperglicêmico e anti-hipertensivo in vitro. Dependendo do tipo de cultivar, o feijão é uma fonte promissora de taninos condensados, antocianinas, e flavonóis; enquanto que o lupino andino destacou-se pela presença de isoflavonas. Após o tratamento térmico, o feijão e lupino andino inibiram significativamente a enzima conversora da angiotensina 1, relevante na prevenção da hipertensão, enquanto o milho roxo andino inibiu a α-glicosidase, relevante na prevenção da hiperglicemia. Uma combinação apropriada de grãos tradicionais como parte da dieta poderia contribuir na modulação dos níveis de glicose e na prevenção das complicações relacionadas ao desequilíbrio óxido-redução...

Beneficial impacts of chick pea, faba bean and kidney bean seeds and their blend on biological parameters of hyperglycemic albino rats

The present work was conducted to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of three common legumes used at high level in Egypt and their blend. Chick pea [Cicer arientum], faba bean [Vicia faba], kidney bean [phaseolus vulgaris] powders and their mixture [by 1: 1: 1 of each] were used at 30% level in the diet of alloxanized diabetic rats. Feeding was continued for 6 weeks. It was recorded that chick pea was the most patent legume in reducing serum glucose [54.87% decrease compared to diabetic control group, but still more than normal control], followed by the mixture, then kidney bean and the least was faba bean diets. Since the legume mixture diet was not the best, and absence of a synergetic hypoglycemic effect may be concluded. Hypoglycemic effect could not be related to the level of crude fiber, which was highest in faba bean diet. Hyperglycemia raised TL, TC, TG, VLDL-c and LDL-c while declined HDL-c. As indicated by Al values, chick pea followed by kidney bean group corrected the Al values, which were even less than that of normal control, while incomplete correction recorded for the mixture and faba bean groups, although both reduced Al values compared to diabetic control rats. The present effects of legume diets may be due to the lower C18:1 / C18:2 FA which accompanied less serum glucose and Al. GOT and GPT were stimulated by hyperglycemia, and these stimulations were reduced by feeding on tested legumes. Kidney bean and chick pea raised the BWG, Fl and FER, while the mixture showed less improvement of these parameters which may be due to inclusion of faba bean. Faba bean [at 30% level] alone decreased Fl pronouncedly and showed negative values for BWG and FER. Legumes diets more or less corrected the changes in the internal organs relative weight due to hypercholesterolemia. Sensory evaluation of toast bread samples prepared with replacement wheat flour at 30% by different legumes. Panelists preferred chick pea and kidney bean breads, followed by that of the mixture legume powder

Effect of Fiber bread on the management of diabetes mellitus

To evaluate the effects of soluble fiber rich bread on lowering blood glucose, blood pressure and blood lipid levels. An interventional study. The study was undertaken at Medical Unit III, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi. Duration of the project was one year [1997-1998]. Twenty stable diabetics of both genders were included in this study. They were provided with this bread [test diet] to replace their usual breakfast bread and chapati for lunch and dinner. The intakes of other foods as well as medications were unchanged. Anthropometric measurements, fasting and 2 hours postprandial blood sugar, fasting serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were recorded before and after 4 weeks of intervention. Blood sugar and blood pressure were checked every week. Quality of life was assessed subjectively with the help of questionnaire, which were asked before and after the end of the intervention. Glycemic control, both fasting and postprandial, improved significantly during intervention. Satisfactory reduction of blood pressure as well as serum cholesterol and triglyceride level was also observed in these cases. The medicines reduced significantly and quality of life improved in all subjects. None of these subjects complained any gastrointestinal discomfort during their consumption of this bread for 4 weeks. The use of soluble fiber rich bread helps to control blood sugar, the hyperlipidemia, and blood pressure which are elevated in poorly controlled diabetics. Thus, integrated improvement will improve the quality of life, reduce the cost of drugs as well as help to avoid harmful effect of drugs

Uso de fibra dietaria en nutrición enteral / Use of dietary fiber in enteral nutrition

Numerosas investigaciones han demostrado que la fibra dietaria tiene diversas funciones a nivel de tubo digestivo, así como también diversas indicaciones terapeúticas. Entre éstas destacan constipación, la diarrea, las enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales y el síndrome de intestino corto. El trabajo clasifica las fibras dietarias en polisacáridos estructurales; no estructurales y componentes no carbohidratos y las divide también en solubles e insolubles. Se comentan los efectos fisiológicos de las fibras dietarias sobre el tubo digestivo