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3.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 52(2): 367-374, mar. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-481006

ABSTRACT

A principal complicação hiperglicêmica no diabetes melito tipo 1 (DM1) é a cetoacidose diabética (CAD). Embora variações nos protocolos possam ocorrer, os princípios básicos que norteiam o tratamento devem ser os mesmos. A recuperação inicial da capacidade circulatória, com a infusão rápida de solução salina na dose de 20 mL/kg, que pode ser repetida, é o ponto de partida para o tratamento. A partir daí, a reposição de volume é relativamente lenta, e o objetivo principal é corrigir gradualmente os distúrbios metabólicos instalados, sem ocasionar variações muito intensas e muito rápidas na osmolalidade, fator de risco para complicações. Atenção ao desenvolvimento de edema cerebral que, uma vez suspeitado, deve ser imediatamente corrigido, sob pena de óbito ou seqüelas neurológicas. A administração de insulina ultra-rápida, por via subcutânea, mostra-se eficaz e simplifica o atendimento do paciente. A CAD é uma situação grave, ainda com alta mortalidade, e seu tratamento deve ser dirigido aos pontos principais que levaram ao quadro clínico, com correções graduais, sob risco de se agravar o quadro.


Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the main hyperglycemic complication in type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM1). The basic principles in treatment have to be followed carefully. The patient with DKA has a very deep volume depletion. To restore the circulatory capacity is the first step. From this point on, the restoration of the lost fluids is slow, around 1 percent per hour, aiming at the correction of the metabolic disturbance already on and avoiding great fluctuations in osmolality, which increases the risk of having complications. Attention to the development of cerebral edema, which, once suspected, deserves an urgent treatment plan, trying to avoid neurologic sequelae or even death. Subcutaneous ultra-rapid insulin has been demonstrated to be efficient and easier to use. As the perfusion gets improved and the levels of insulin increase, the lipolysis is blocked, as well as the generation of ketones and so the acidemia tends to be solved. DKA is still a high-mortality condition. And to be in a hurry frequently leads to neurologic sequelae and even to a fatal outcome.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology , Diabetic Ketoacidosis/physiopathology , Acute Disease , Brain Edema/etiology , Brain Edema/physiopathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy , /complications , /drug therapy , /physiopathology , Diabetic Ketoacidosis/complications , Diabetic Ketoacidosis/drug therapy , Hyperglycemia/complications , Hyperglycemia/physiopathology , Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma/complications , Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma/drug therapy , Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma/physiopathology , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Infusions, Intravenous , Insulin/analogs & derivatives , Insulin/therapeutic use
4.
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine ; : 244-247, 2006.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-223934

ABSTRACT

We report a case of extensive venous thrombosis of the upper extremity in a patient with a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS). Thrombosis of the upper extremities is generally found in 4% of cases with deep venous thrombosis. Extensive, symptomatic venous thrombosis of the upper extremity, as seen in this patient, is rare except with catheter-related thrombosis. Recent studies have supported the safety and efficacy of catheter-directed thrombolysis in patients with no contraindication to thrombolytic therapy, and have recommended early catheter-directed thrombolysis. Therefore, our patient was treated with early catheter-directed thrombolysis followed by anticoagulation.


Subject(s)
Male , Humans , Adult , Venous Thrombosis/diagnosis , Ultrasonography, Doppler , Thrombolytic Therapy/methods , Subclavian Vein , Phlebography , Insulin/administration & dosage , Injections, Intravenous , Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage , Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma/complications , Diagnosis, Differential , Catheterization, Peripheral/adverse effects , Brachiocephalic Veins , Axillary Vein , Anticoagulants/administration & dosage
5.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 533-535, 2002.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-210643

ABSTRACT

Bilateral putaminal hemorrhages rarely occur simultaneously in hypertensive patients. The association of intracerebral hemorrhage with cerebral edema (CE) has been rarely reported in diabetic patients. We present a patient with bilateral putaminal hemorrhage (BPH) and CE during the course of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS). A 40-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus and chronic alcoholism was admitted with acute impaired mentality. His blood pressure was within the normal range on admission. Laboratory results revealed hyperglycemia and severe metabolic acidosis without ketonuria. After aggressive treatment, plasma sugar fell to 217 mg/dl, but brain CT showed BPH and diffuse CE. Our case demonstrated that HHS should be considered as a cause of BPH with CE. Initial brain imaging study may be recommended for patients with diabetic coma.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Brain/pathology , Brain Edema/etiology , Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma/complications , Putaminal Hemorrhage/etiology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
8.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 53(2): 281-3, jun. 1995. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-153941

ABSTRACT

Existem poucos relatos na literatura de pacientes com hiperglicemia näo-cetótica e crises visuais induzidas pela movimentaçäo ocular. Apresentamos o caos de paciente do sexo masculino de 47 anos de idade que iniciou quadro de diabetes mellitus com crises visuais e oculomotoras espontâneas ou desencadeadas pela ovimentaçäo ocular. As crises foram de difícil controle, näo cedendo com fenitoína endovenosa. O paciente evoluiu com déficit motor no hemicorpo esquerdo, que regrediu em uma semana, juntamente com as crises, após o controle da glicemia. O EEG crítico mostrou descargas no hemisfério direito de predomínio posterior, com extensäo para o hemisférioesquerdo. A tomografia computadorizada de crânio foi normal. Este caso mostra a importância de investigar a induçäo de crises e a existência de diabetes em pacientes com crises visuais de início recente


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma/complications , Vision Disorders/etiology , Electroencephalography , Eye Movements
10.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 49(2): 222-4, jun. 1991. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-102781

ABSTRACT

Apresentaçäo de caso de paciente diabético de longa data, com crises parciais motoras desencadeadas por movimentaçäo passiva do membro superior direito. Esteé o objetivo do relato, pois trata-se de tipo raro de crise, quando comparado às crises parciais espontâneas em pacientes diabéticos. Frequentemente, crises parciais säo manifestaçäo inicial de diabetes mellitus (cerca de 19%) dos casos registrados). Neste caso, como nos da literatura, o controle das crises foi obtido com a normalizaçäo dos níveis séricos de glicose. Säo discutidos da provável fisiopatologia


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/etiology , Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma/complications , Blood Glucose/analysis , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/prevention & control
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