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1.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 81: e0020, 2022. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1365724

ABSTRACT

RESUMO O lúpus eritematoso sistêmico é uma doença que pode apresentar comprometimento oftalmológico geralmente benigno, sendo as alterações mais encontradas a síndrome do olho seco e a catarata. Nos pacientes com a doença estável, o dano oftalmológico parece estar relacionado ao tratamento sistêmico a longo prazo, o que enfatiza a importância do exame oftalmológico completo de rotina. Porém, quando a doença está em franca atividade e, em especial, quando há o envolvimento renal, deve-se iniciar o tratamento precoce com corticoterapia sistêmica e com medidas de suporte, para se evitarem repercussões mais complexas, como as crises hipertensivas que podem levar ao óbito.


ABSTRACT Systemic lupus erythematosus may present ophthalmological involvement, usually benign, and the most common changes are dry eye syndrome and cataract. In patients with stable disease, ophthalmologic damage appears to be related to long-term systemic treatment, emphasizing the importance of routine complete ophthalmologic examination. However, in full-blown disease, especially when there is renal involvement, early treatment should start with systemic steroid therapy and supportive measures, to avoid major repercussions, such as hypertensive crises that may lead to death.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Hypertensive Retinopathy/etiology , Hypertension, Malignant/complications , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Ophthalmoscopy , Retina/diagnostic imaging , Prednisone/administration & dosage , Visual Acuity , Pulse Therapy, Drug , Hypertensive Retinopathy/diagnosis , Hypertensive Retinopathy/drug therapy , Slit Lamp Microscopy , Fundus Oculi , Hypertension/complications , Hypertension/etiology , Hypertension, Malignant/etiology
2.
J. bras. nefrol ; 41(4): 580-584, Out.-Dec. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1056602

ABSTRACT

Abstract In kidney biopsies reviews, scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) is characterized by vascular endothelial injuries, C4d deposits on peritubular vessels, and acute and chronic injuries coexisting on the same biopsy. The clinical signs of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) are described in systemic sclerosis (SSc), nevertheless, it has not been related to acute injuries described on kidney biopsies. We report a case of SRC in a patient with scleroderma-dermatomyositis overlap syndrome, which also showed clinical and histopathological data of TMA. On fundus examination, a severe acute hypertensive retinopathy was found. The kidney biopsy showed severe endothelial damage with widening of mucoid cells at the level of the intima, focal concentric proliferation on most small arterioles, and C3, C4d, and IgM deposits along the capillary walls. The genetic study of complement only showed the presence of membrane cofactor protein (MCP) risk haplotypes, without other genetic complement disorders. We understand that in a patient with TMA and SSc, the kidney damage would be fundamentally endothelial and of an acute type; moreover, we would observe clear evidence of complement activation. Once further studies correlate clinical-analytical data with anatomopathological studies, it is likely that we will be forced to redefine the SRC concept, focusing on the relationship between acute endothelial damage and complement activation.


Resumo Nas revisões de biópsias renais, a crise renal esclerodérmica (CRE) é caracterizada por lesões endoteliais vasculares, depósitos de C4d em vasos peritubulares e lesões agudas e crônicas que coexistem na mesma biópsia. Os sinais clínicos de microangiopatia trombótica (MAT) são descritos na esclerose sistêmica (ES); no entanto, não foram relacionados às lesões agudas descritas nas biópsias renais. Relatamos um caso de CRE em um paciente com síndrome de superposição de esclerodermia-dermatomiosite, que também apresentou dados clínicos e histopatológicos de MAT. No exame de fundo do olho, foi encontrada uma retinopatia hipertensiva aguda grave. A biópsia renal mostrou lesão endotelial grave com alargamento das células mucoides ao nível da íntima, proliferação concêntrica focal na maioria das pequenas arteríolas e depósitos de C3, C4d e IgM ao longo das paredes dos capilares. O estudo genético do complemento mostrou apenas a presença de haplótipos de risco da proteína cofator de membrana (PCM), sem outros distúrbios genéticos do complemento. Entendemos que em um paciente com MAT e ES, o dano renal seria fundamentalmente endotelial e do tipo agudo; além disso, observaríamos evidências claras de ativação do complemento. Uma vez que novos estudos correlacionam dados clínico-analíticos com estudos anatomopatológicos, é provável que sejamos forçados a redefinir o conceito de CRE, enfocando a relação entre dano endotelial agudo e ativação do complemento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Raynaud Disease/complications , Vision Disorders/etiology , Acute Kidney Injury/etiology , Kidney/blood supply , Capillaries/metabolism , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Immunohistochemistry , Papilledema/pathology , Dermatomyositis/complications , Dermatomyositis/immunology , Hypertensive Retinopathy/diagnosis , Hypertensive Retinopathy/pathology , Hypertensive Retinopathy/drug therapy , Acute Kidney Injury/diagnosis , Anemia, Hemolytic/diagnosis , Anemia, Hemolytic/etiology , Kidney/pathology , Kidney/diagnostic imaging
3.
Rev. Hosp. Ital. B. Aires (2004) ; 35(4): 124-127, dic. 2015. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1390979

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de leucoencefalopatía posterior reversible se presenta con síntomas de edema cerebral e imágenes hiperintensas en las secuencias T2 y FLAIR en la resonancia magnética (RM) de cerebro. Las lesiones típicamente comprometen la región parietooccipital, aunque también pueden tener localizaciones atípicas. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 33 años que consultó por trastornos visuales asociados con dolor de cabeza intenso e hipertensión grave (220/140 mmHg). El examen del fondo de ojo reveló retinopatía hipertensiva grado IV y la RM mostró lesiones hiperintensas en T2 y FLAIR a nivel centropontino, bulbo y médula espinal, las cuales regresaron tras el control sostenido de la presión arterial. (AU)


The posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome presents with symptoms of cerebral edema. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, hyperintensities on T2 -weighted and FLAIR sequences typically affect the parietal-occipital region; however it may also have atypical locations. We report the case of a 33 year old patient with visual disturbances associated with intense headache and severe hypertension (220/140 mmHg). The Fundus examination revealed grade IV hypertensive retinopathy, and MRI showed hyperintense lesions in T2 and FLAIR affecting the pontine center, medulla and spinal cord, which regressed after sustain blood pressure control. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Spinal Cord/diagnostic imaging , Cerebrum/diagnostic imaging , Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome/diagnostic imaging , Hypertensive Retinopathy/diagnostic imaging , Spinal Cord/pathology , Vision Disorders , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Cerebrum/pathology , Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome/drug therapy , Hypertensive Retinopathy/drug therapy , Optical Imaging , Hypertension/drug therapy , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use
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