Relationship between uric acid levels and risk of chronic kidney disease in a retrospective cohort of Brazilian workers

Uric acid (UA) levels are increased in patients with kidney dysfunction. We analyzed the association between asymptomatic hyperuricemia and new-onset chronic kidney disease (CKD). A retrospective cohort study was designed to collect data from employees of an energy generation and distribution company in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, who had undergone the company's annual medical checkup from 2008 to 2014. People with ≤2 years of follow-up, with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1 or with incomplete data were excluded. The endpoint was defined as eGFR <60 mL·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1 estimated through the chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration equation (CKD-EPI). The study included 1094 participants. The mean follow-up period was 5.05±1.05 years and 44 participants exhibited new-onset CKD. The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 4.2%. There was a significant inverse correlation between baseline serum levels of UA and baseline eGFR (R=-0.21, P<0.001). Female gender (OR=4.00; 95%CI=1.92-8.29, P<0.001) and age (OR=1.06; 95%CI=1.02-1.11, P=0.004) but not UA levels (OR=1.12; 95%CI=0.83-1.50; P=0.465) were associated with new-onset CKD. Diabetes mellitus and body mass index were independent factors for fast progression (OR=2.17; 95%CI=1.24-3.80, P=0.007 and OR=1.04; 95%CI=1.01-1.07; P=0.020). These results did not support UA as an independent predictor for CKD progression in the studied population.

Guía dietética para pacientes con hiperuricemia y gota agar / Dietary guide for patients with hyperuricaemia and drop agar

Gota proviene del latin Gutta es un término acuñado en el siglo V que significa exceso o derrame de flema por exceso de vino, comida y sexo. Llamada "Rey de las enfermedades yenfermedad de reyes" fue uno de los primeros desordenes reumáticos en ser reconocidos como entidad clínic a. Es la artritis por deposito de microcri s tales más común debida a desequilibrio en el metabolismo de las purinas que conlleva a hiperuricemia y el depósito de cristales de urato monosódico, caracterizada por ser de inicio monoarticular, que a fecta con mayor frecuencia la primera articulación metatarso de pie y que progresa en su forma crónica a poliarticular, asociada a destrucción progresiva y a la formación de tofos, falla renal y enfermedad cardiovascular. Predomina sexo masculino, su pr evalencia se calcula de 0.08% a nivel mundial, aumentando la frecuencia de sus ataques con el alto contenido de carnes, mariscos, cervezas y bebidas espirituosas. El objetivo de la presente revisión bibliográfica es proporcionar una guía dietética para lo s médicos enfatizando y destacando su contenido de purinas en alimentos de uso cotidiano en la población guatemalteca, para obtener un mejor control de la artritis gotosa y disminuir la frecuencia de sus ataques ...(AU)

Gota comes from Latin Gutta is a term coined in the fifth century that means excess or spill of phlegm for excess wine, food and sex. Called "King of diseases and disease of kings" was one of the first rheumatic disorders to be recognized as a clinical entity. Arthritis is the most common microcritical deposit due to imbalance in the metabolism of purines that leads to hyperuricemia and the deposition of monosodium urate crystals, characterized by monoarticular initiation, which most often occurs with the first metatarsal joint. standing up and progressing in its form chronic to polyarticular, associated with progressive destruction and the formation of tophi, renal failure and cardiovascular disease. Male sex predominates, its pr evance is estimated at 0.08% worldwide, increasing the frequency of its attacks with the high content of meats, seafood, beers and spirits. The aim of this bibliographical review is to provide a dietary guide for physicians emphasizing and highlighting their content of purines in foods of daily use in the Guatemalan population, to obtain a better control of gouty arthritis and to reduce the frequency of their attacks. .. (AU)

Serum uric acid levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Uyghur and Han ethnic groups in northwestern China / Concentração sérica de ácido úrico e doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica em grupos étnicos Uyghur e Han no nordeste da China

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare serum uric acid values in two ethnically distinct Chinese populations: Uyghur, with a high prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and Han, with a lower prevalence. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Serum uric acid and several clinical features and laboratory tests relevant to the metabolic syndrome were measured in 4,157 Uyghur and 6,448 Han subjects in a health examination program. The diagnosis of hepatic steatosis was established by abdominal ultrasound examination. RESULTS: The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was 42.3% and 33.3% among Uyghur and Han subjects, respectively. The corresponding prevalence of hyperuricemia was 8.8% and 14.7%. The mean concentration of serum uric acid in Uyghurs also was lower than in Hans (282.75 vs. 310.79 µmol/L; p < 0.01). However, in both populations, the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was increased in association with increasing serum uric acid concentrations, a trend that was more pronounced in Uyghur than in Han subjects (OR 3.279 and 3.230, respectively). Several components of the metabolic syndrome were more pronounced in Uyghurs than in Hans. CONCLUSIONS: Serum uric acid is an independent risk factor in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in both Uyghurs and Hans, but other risk factors may be more important in the differences in prevalence of the disease between the two ethnic groups.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os valores de ácido úrico em duas populações chinesas etnicamente diferentes: Uyghur, com alta prevalência de doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica, e Han, com prevalência mais baixa. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: A concentração sérica de ácido úrico e várias características clínicas e testes laboratoriais relevantes para a síndrome metabólica foram determinados em 4.157 indivíduos Uyghur e 6.448 indivíduos Han submetidos a um programa de checkups. O diagnóstico de esteatose hepática foi estabelecido por ultrassom abdominal. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica foi de 42,3% e 33,3% entre os indivíduos Uyghur e Han, respectivamente. A prevalência correspondente de hiperuricemia foi de 8,8% e 14,7%. A concentração sérica média de ácido úrico em Uyghurs também foi mais baixa do que em Hans (282,75 contra 310,79 µmol/L; p < 0,01). Entretanto, em ambas as populações, a prevalência de doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica aumentou com a elevação da concentração sérica de ácido úrico, uma tendência mais pronunciada em Uyghurs do que em Hans (OR 3,279 e 3,230, respectivamente). Vários componentes da síndrome metabólica são mais pronunciados em Uyghurs do que em Hans. CONCLUSÕES: A concentração sérica de ácido úrico é um fator de risco independente para a doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica tanto em Uyghurs quando em Hans, mas outros fatores de risco podem ser mais importantes nas diferenças na prevalência da doença entre esses dois grupos étnicos.

Hiperuricemia: um marcador para doença renal crônica pré-clínica? / Hyperuricemia: a marker for chronic kidney disease pre-clinical?

Introdução: Os níveis séricos de ácido úrico aumentam na doença renal crônica (DRC), contudo o impacto desta observação clínica na história natural da doença ainda não está elucidado. Objetivo: Testar a hipóteses de que níveis elevados de ácido úrico em indivíduos com função renal preservada se associam com maior prevalência de DRC. Material e métodos: O estudo foi realizado a partir dos dados clínicos (sexo e idade) e laboratoriais (creatinina e ácido úrico) obtidos em um laboratório de análises clínicas em dois períodos distintos: basal (2000-2003) e de avaliação (2004-2005). A filtração glomerular estimada (FGe) foi calculada pela fórmula do estudo <60mL/min/1,73m², num período aproximado de 3 meses. O ácido úrico expresso em mg/dL foi analisado pela separação dos indivíduos em normouricêmicos e hiperuricêmicos e pela divisão da distribuição da amostra em quartis. Resultados: Do total de 4.991 indivíduos avaliados no período basal, 4.041 (90,0%) apresentavam FG>60mL/min/1,73m². Os indivíduos hiperuricêmicos (homens, mulheres, com menos de 60 anos e idosos) apresentaram maior risco relativo para DRC do que os normuricêmicos. Também foi observado que os grupos de indivíduos com ácido úrico mais elevado apresentaram maior prevalência de DRC no período basal (ácido úrico/FGe:<4,0/16,3%; 4,1-5,1/21,2%;5,2-6,7/28,6%;>6,7/34,0%;p<0,001). A prevalência de DRC no período de avaliação também foi maior nos grupos de indivíduos com níveis mais elevados de ácido úrico (ácido úrico/FG:<4,0/22,3%;4-5,1/26,9%; 5,2-6,7/28,5%;>6,7/22,3%;p<0,05). Conclusão: Em indivíduos não portadores de DRC níveis elevados de ácido úrico sérico se associam com maior prevalência da doença e parecem identificar um estado "pré-clínico" de disfunção renal.

Introduction: The serum uric acid increase in chronic kidney disease (CKD), however the impact of this clinical observation in the natural history of disease has not yet been elucidated. Objective: To test the hypothesis that high levels of uric acid in subjects with normal renal function are associated with higher prevalence of CKD. Methods: The study was conducted based on clinical data (age and sex) and laboratory (creatinine and uric acid) obtained in a clinical laboratory in two distinct periods: baseline (2000-2003) and evaluation (2004 - 2005). The estimated glomerular filtration (FGE) was calculated using the study <60mL/min/1, 73m ², within approximately three months. Uric acid in mg / dL was analyzed by the separation of individuals in normouricêmicos hyperuricemic and division and distribution of the sample into quartiles. Results: Of 4,991 subjects evaluated at baseline, 4,041 (90.0%) had FG> 60mL/min/1, 73m ². Hyperuricemic individuals (men, women, younger than 60 years and older) had higher relative risk for CKD than normuricêmicos. It was also observed that groups of individuals with higher uric acid had a higher prevalence of CKD at baseline (uric acid / FGE: <4.0 / 16.3%, from 4.1 to 5.1 / 21.2%; 5.2 to 6.7 / 28.6%> 6.7 / 34.0%, p <0.001). The prevalence of CKD in the evaluation period was also greater in individuals with higher levels of uric acid (uric acid / FG: <4.0 / 22.3%, from 4 to 5.1 / 26.9% 5 0.2 to 6, 7 / 28, 5%,> 6.7 / 22.3%, p <0.05). Conclusion: In non-CKD high levels of serum uric acid are associated with higher prevalence of the disease state and appear to identify a "preclinical" renal dysfunction.

Inappropriate prescription of allopurinol in a teaching hospital.

BACKGROUND: Allopurinol is a drug that is widely used to treat hyperuricemia, but it is often prescribed inappropriately. OBJECTIVE: The authors conducted a study to look for the appropriate allopurinol prescription and diagnosis of gout in the out-patient clinics at a university hospital. MATERIAL AND METHOD: One hundred and forty-five patients who were newly prescribed allopurinol (128 males and 17 females, mean +/- SD age of 58.5 +/-14.1 years) were enrolled in this study. RESULT: Only 77 (53.1%) received allopurinol with appropriate indications. Thirty-eight patients (26.2%) did not have allopurinol dose adjustment according to the patients' creatinine clearance. Among 131 patients, prescribed allopurinol for the diagnosis of gout, only 55 (42.0%) were diagnosed in accordance with the American Rheumatism Association criteria. CONCLUSION: Inappropriate use of allopurinol (both the indication and prescribed dosage) and inappropriate diagnosis of gout are major problems even in a large teaching hospital. An educational campaign program is warranted for achieving appropriate diagnosis of gout, and eliminating the inappropriate use of allopurinol.