ABSTRACT
El desarrollo industrial induce una fuerte reactivación socioeconómica y mejoras en la calidad de vida de la población, por otro lado puede provocar importantes modificaciones que ocasionan el desequilibrio de ecosistemas, diversas formas de contaminación y otros problemas ambientales y sociales. Por lo anterior se decide exponer los elementos esenciales del tema que nos ocupa acorde a la política ambiental del desarrollo industrial que está regida por las organizaciones internacionales. Se profundiza en los inicios de la industrialización y su repercusión en la salud y el ambiente. Se enfatiza en el estudio de impacto ambiental en todo proyecto de inversión para minimizar los riesgos y el impacto negativo. Se ejemplifica a través de estudios como impacta en el ambiente la contaminación procedente de las industrias y se exponen actuales proyectos de investigación que realiza el Instituto Nacional de Higiene, Epidemiología y Microbiología sobre el tema. La estrategia de un ambiente sostenible se debe incluir en los objetivos económicos y sociales de un país donde el estudio de impacto ambiental es la medida más eficaz para minimizar la repercusión negativa de la industria y otras inversiones(AU)
Industrial development leads to strong socio-economic reactivation and an improvement in the quality of life of the population, but it may also bring about important modifications causing imbalances in ecosystems, various forms of pollution, and other environmental and social problems. It was therefore decided to present the essential aspects of the topic based on the environmental policies for industrial development issued by international organizations. Details are provided about the onset of industrialization and its impact on health and the environment. Attention is paid to the role of environmental impact studies in investment projects, to minimize risks and negative effects. Examples are presented of the manner in which industrial pollution impacts the environment, and a presentation is made of current research projects conducted by the National Institute of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology on the topic. The strategy for a sustainable environment should be included among the economic and social objectives of a country where environmental impact studies are the most effective measure to minimize the negative effects of industry and other investments(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Industrial Pollution/adverse effects , Environment/adverse effects , Industrial Development , Quality of Life , Ecological DevelopmentABSTRACT
O artigo relata a ocorrência de um acidente químico maior em um distrito populoso de uma grande metrópole, envolvendo a emissão de dióxido de enxofre de uma planta de produção de ácido sulfúrico. Discutem-se alguns cenários possíveis de exposição da população do entorno, cotejando-se valores estimados da concentração de dióxido de enxofre com valores referenciais da legislação vigente. O artigo conclui que a construção de tais cenários pode ajudar na análise do risco a que essas populações estão expostas e na tomada de decisões que objetive seu controle.
The article reports a major chemical accident occurred in a densely populated metropolitan district involving sulfur dioxide emissions of sulfuric acid plants. Possible scenarios for the exposure of neighborhood population are discussed and sulfur dioxide concentration estimates are compared with current legal reference values. The article concludes that building such scenarios can be helpful to analyze the risk of population exposure and it may become a useful decision-making tool on risk control.