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1.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 77(2): 122-130, Feb. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-983884

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Seizures in the newborn are associated with high morbidity and mortality, making their detection and treatment critical. Seizure activity in neonates is often clinically obscured, such that detection of seizures is particularly challenging. Amplitude-integrated EEG is a technique for simplified EEG monitoring that has found an increasing clinical application in neonatal intensive care. Its main value lies in the relative simplicity of interpretation, allowing nonspecialist members of the care team to engage in real-time detection of electrographic seizures. Nevertheless, to avoiding misdiagnosing rhythmic artifacts as seizures, it is necessary to recognize the electrophysiological ictal pattern in the conventional EEG trace available in current devices. The aim of this paper is to discuss the electrophysiological basis of the differentiation of epileptic seizures and extracranial artifacts to avoid misdiagnosis with amplitude-integrated EEG devices.


RESUMO Las convulsiones neonatales están asociadas a una alta morbi-mortalidad por lo que su correcto diagnóstico y tratamiento es fundamental. Las convulsiones en los recién nacidos son frecuentemente subclínicas lo que hace que su detección sea dificultosa. La electroencefalografía integrada por amplitud es una técnica de monitoreo electroencefalográfico simplificado que ha encontrado una creciente aplicación clínica en las unidades de terapia intensiva neonatales. Su principal ventaja es la relativa simplicidad de su interpretación lo que permite a personal no especializado del equipo neonatal diagnosticar convulsiones electrográficas en tiempo real. Sin embargo, para evitar diagnosticar erróneamente artefactos rítmicos como crisis epilépticas es necesario reconocer los patrones electrofisiológicos ictales en el EEG convencional disponible en los dispositivos actuales. El objetivo de este artículo es describir las bases electrofisiológicas para la diferenciación de convulsiones neonatales y artefactos extracraneanos para evitar errores diagnósticos con el uso de EEG integrado por amplitud.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Seizures/diagnosis , Seizures/physiopathology , Electroencephalography/methods , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/diagnosis , Intensive Care, Neonatal , Diagnostic Errors , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/physiopathology
2.
Rev. Paul. Pediatr. (Ed. Port., Online) ; 37(1): 130-134, Jan.-Mar. 2019. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-985134

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar um caso de pênfigo neonatal em paciente que manifestou lesões cutâneas extensas e críticas ao nascimento. Descrição do caso: Recém-nascido do sexo masculino com lesões vesicobolhosas extensas em região anterior do tórax e abdome, desde o nascimento. Admitido na ala pediátrica de um hospital para diagnóstico etiológico e tratamento. Com base na história materna e na avaliação clínica, concluiu tratar-se de pênfigo vulgar neonatal. O paciente apresentou evolução satisfatória, sem a necessidade de intervenção farmacológica. Comentários: Os casos descritos na literatura e as referências avaliadas revelam o pênfigo neonatal como uma doença de ocorrência rara, porém cujo conhecimento e diagnóstico precoce têm grande relevância clínica, considerando-se que geralmente se manifesta com lesões epidérmicas extensas e de aspecto crítico, embora apresente curso clínico transitório e benigno, sem necessidade de tratamento específico e sem relação com doença futura.


ABSTRACT Objective: To report on the case of a patient with neonatal pemphigus that had extensive and critical skin lesions at birth. Case description: A newborn male with extensive vesico-bullous lesions on the anterior side of his chest and abdomen at birth. He was admitted to the pediatric ward of a hospital for an etiological diagnosis and for treatment. Based on maternal history and a clinical evaluation, the patient was diagnosed with neonatal vulgar pemphigus. His progression was satisfactory and, in the end, he did not need pharmacological interventions. Comments: The cases reported in the literature and the references evaluated reveal that neonatal pemphigus is rare, but that knowledge about the disease allows for an early diagnosis to be made. This has great clinical relevance considering that the disease usually manifests itself in the form of extensive epidermal lesions, even though it is transient and benign, it does not require specific treatment, and it does not have any relation with possible future diseases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Adult , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/diagnosis , Remission, Spontaneous , Pemphigus/diagnosis , Pemphigus/physiopathology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/physiopathology , Medical History Taking , Mothers
3.
Annals of Saudi Medicine. 2011; 31 (6): 577-580
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-137283

ABSTRACT

Mechanical ventilation improves survival of preterm infants with respiratory failure. The aim of this study was to determine the success rate and short-term neonatal morbidities of early extubation in extremely low birth weight [ELBW] infants in a tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit [NICU]. Retrospective cohort study of ELBW infants admitted to a tertiary, neonatal intensive care referral unit from January 1st to December 31[st], 2005. The primary outcome was the success rate of early extubation in ELBW infants who were intubated at delivery, extubated in the first 48 hours of life, and did not require reintubation within 72 hours following extubation. Thirty of the 95 eligible infants were extubated early; of these 30 infants, 24 [80%] had a successful extubation. Infants extubated early had a higher mean birth weight [855 vs 745 g; P<.0001] and gestational age [27.3 vs 25.6 weeks; P<.0001]. ELBW infants who were extubated early had lower rates of death [relative risk [RR], 0.05; 95% Cl, [0.0, 0.79]; P=.003], intraventricular hemorrhage [IVH] [RR, 0.23; 95% Cl, 0.08, 0.70; P=.008], and patent ductus arteriosus [PDA] [RR, 0.76; 95% Cl, 0.60, 0.98; P=.03] compared with those who remained ventilated beyond the first 48 hours of life. The rate of successful early extubation in our unit exceeded the sole previously reported rate. Successful early extubation was associated with lower rates of death, IVH, and PDA in ELBW infants


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/physiopathology , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Respiratory Insufficiency/physiopathology , Retrospective Studies , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight
4.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health ; 2001 Sep; 32(3): 488-93
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-31463

ABSTRACT

We report a case of vertical transmission of dengue infection in an infant. The mother's was a term pregnancy with a history of chronic hypertension. She presented with high fever of 3 days duration 5 days prior to delivery. Her initial complete blood count showed platelet count of 64,000/mm3. Dengue hemorrhagic fever was diagnosed 2 days later and symptomatic treatment was given. During labor her platelets dropped to 11,000/mm3 and platelet concentrate was given. Cesarean section was performed due to prolonged second stage of labor. Her infant was normal at birth except for petechiae on the left thigh. The child's platelet count was 34,000/mm3 and low grade fever was detected on the first day. Clinical sepsis was suspected and antibiotic treatment was started and continued for 4 days until all the cultures came back as negative. Both mother and her baby made an uneventful recovery and were discharged 6 days after delivery with normal platelet counts. Maternal blood was positive for IgM antibody to dengue virus. Both cord blood and the baby's blood were positive for dengue virus serotype 2 by PCR.


Subject(s)
Adult , Dengue/complications , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/physiopathology , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/physiopathology , Thailand
5.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 56(11): 616-22, nov. 1999. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-266515

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El lupus eritematoso neonatal es una enfermedad que se define por la presencia de auto-anticuerpos maternos de tipo IgG transmitidos por vía transplacentaria causando daño fetal o neonatal con datos clínicos característicos. Aunque la presencia de estos auto-anticuerpos es altamante sensible, no es específica para el desarrollo de la enfermedad, de la cual su incidencia es desconocida. Caso clínico. Paciente femenino de 1 mes de vida extrauterina, hija de madre con dermatitis en cara no especificada. Inició su padecimiento en la primera semana de vida con lesiones dermatológicas en cuello, que se diseminaron a cara, cráneo, tronco y extremidades, eritematosas, de forma anular, con centro blanquecino y descamación fina, además de úlceras en carrillo y paladar. La biometría reportó plaquetas de 45,000/mm al cubo. Pruebas de función hepática y electrocardiograma normales. Los anticuerpos anti-Ro y anti-La resultaron positivos ++++. La biopsia cutánea mostró dermis papilar con infiltrado inflamatorio perivascular y en la interfase compatible con lupus eritematoso neonatal. Conclusión. Se reporta el caso de un paciente con lupus neonatal con lesiones dermatológicas y hematológicas, no pudiéndose demostrar bloqueo cardiaco ciongénito ni afección hepática y en cuya madre se pensó y diagnosticó lupus eritematoso sistémico por el cuadro de su hijo


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/etiology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/physiopathology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/drug therapy , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/congenital , Maternal-Fetal Exchange , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/physiopathology , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy
6.
Rev. sanid. mil ; 53(2): 90-4, mar.-abr. 1999. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-266573

ABSTRACT

La albúmina es una proteína plasmática sintetizada por el hígado con múltiples funciones. La hipoalbuminemia es un dato de laboratorio frecuente en pacientes graves con diferentes patologías. La administración de albúmina exógena humana es una práctica clínica generalizada a pesar de no tener evidencia científica concluyente de su eficacia. Se estudiaron 14 pacientes pediátricos enfermos graves en la unidad de terapia intensiva (TTIP) del Hospital Central Militar (HCM) con hipoalbuminemia (< 3 g/dL). Se excluyeron aquellos pacientes con enfermedad renal, hepática o cáncer. Estudio prospectivo, abierto y aleatorio de la administración de albúmina humana exógena (1 g/kg/dosis), contra placebo (solución salina) hasta tener niveles normales de albúmina, monitorizando cada 4 días el nivel de albúmina. Se siguieron hasta su salida del hospital o su defunción, se determinaron PRISM y SNAP a su ingreso. Las variables clínicas estudiadas fueron los días de hospitalización, días de ventilación mecánica, días de estancia en la UTIP, total de días de ayuno y mortalidad. No se encontraron efectos clínicos benéficos en la tolerancia a la nutrición enteral, tiempo para cubrir requerimientos nutricionales totales, días de ventilación mecánica y día de nutrición parenteral total al administrar albúmina en el grupo de estudio vs. el control. No se encontró disminución de la morbilidad y mortalidad en los pacientes tratados con albúmina. El uso de la administración de albúmina exógena humana es una práctica cara


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Drug Monitoring , Serum Albumin/administration & dosage , Serum Albumin/deficiency , Critical Illness , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/physiopathology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/therapy , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal
7.
Rev. mex. pueric. ped ; 6(32): 183-7, nov.-dic. 1998. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-240989

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, transversal, observacional y descriptivo en el que se incluyeron 49 recién nacidos con diagnóstico de sepsis neonatal, atendidos en el Hospital Infantil Privado del 10 de enero de 1993 al 31 de diciembre de 1997. El objetivo fue conocer los agentes etiológicos de sepsis neonatal temprana y tardís. Se encontró que los agentes etiológicos tanto de sepsis neonatal temprana y tardía fueron S. aureus en 19 casos (38.7 por ciento), de los cuales 12(63.1 por ciento) correspondieron a sepsis temprana y 7 (36.9 por ciento) a sepsis tardía. Seguido de Klebsiella pneumoniae en 9 casos (18.3 por ciento), de los cuales cinco correspondieron a sepsis tardía y cuatro a sepsis temprana. No se encontró relación entre el sexo y la presencia de sepsis. RR = 1.33, IC 95 por ciento (0.55-3.22)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Sepsis/etiology , Sepsis/physiopathology , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/etiology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/physiopathology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/microbiology
8.
Arch. Inst. Cardiol. Méx ; 68(5): 421-5, sept.-oct. 1998. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-227593

ABSTRACT

Los tumores cardiacos primarios son entidades raras en todos los grupos de edad, de ellos el más frecuente en la edad pediátrica es el rabdomioma, el cual se encuentra asociado a esclerosis tuberosa en el 37 a 80 por ciento de los casos, con una frecuencia informada de hasta 1 por cada 40,000 recién nacidos vivos. El presente caso es el de un recién nacido, que desde las primeras horas de vida presentó soplo pansistólico, cardiomegalia grado IV, datos electrocardiográficos de hipertrofia ventricular e insuficiencia cardiaca. El ecocardiograma y la imagen por resonancia magnética mostraron múltiples tumores en la porción muscular del septum y paredes ventriculares. La biopsia confirmó el diagnóstico de rabdomioma. Lo que, aunado a las máculas hipomelanóticas, áreas de hipodensidad del parénquima cerebral y crisis convulsivas, permitió establecer el diagnóstico de esclerosis tuberosa. En nuestro medio existe poca información sobre ambas enfermedades, por lo que se revisa la incidencia, diagnóstico, pronóstico y manejo de casos como el presente


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/diagnosis , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/physiopathology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/pathology , Heart Diseases/diagnosis , Heart Diseases/physiopathology , Rhabdomyoma/diagnosis , Rhabdomyoma/pathology , Rhabdomyoma/physiopathology , Tuberous Sclerosis , Tuberous Sclerosis/diagnosis
9.
Med. lab ; 8(5): 267-80, mayo 1998. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-237126

ABSTRACT

Se hace una revisión actualizada del tema en lo relacionado con su definición y nuevos factores de riesgo, y se comparan la presalencia y la etiología de la entidad es dos estudios efectuados en 1998 y 1996, encontrándose una diferencia significativa en el tipo de manifestación de la enfermedad en los dos momentos. Se observa actualmente una tendencia a sufrir infecciones más graves y al aislamiento de gérmenes como staphylococcus epidermidis y klebsiella spp que no eran prevalentes hace varios años. Se muestra también que el comportamiento de los gérmenes causantes del problema frente a los antibióticos es muy preocupante por la marcada resistencia que los primeros muestran ante los antimicrobianos de uso más frecuente, no sólo en las salas de neonatos sino en todo el hospital. Además, se mencionan algunos aspectos recientes e importantes de las infecciones nosocomiales causadas por virus y hongos, en especial por candida albicans. Por último, se relacionan ciertas recomendaciones para el manejo de la entidad en salas de internación.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Cross Infection/complications , Cross Infection/diagnosis , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Cross Infection/physiopathology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/diagnosis , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/etiology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/physiopathology
14.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-23008

ABSTRACT

A total of 107 babies with hypoglycaemia were studied over a period of 15 months. Symptomatic hypoglycaemia was found in 43 while it was asymptomatic in the others. Asymptomatic hypoglycaemia occurred at a relatively earlier post-natal age (4.5 +/- 2.2 h), as compared to symptomatic hypoglycemia (18.5 +/- 5.4 h, P less than 0.001). The mean blood glucose in hypoglycaemic babies with seizures was found to be significantly lower (P less than 0.001) when compared to those with other features as well as asymptomatic ones. Hypoglycaemia lasted for a significantly longer duration in symptomatic babies as compared to those without symptoms (P less than 0.001). On neurodevelopment follow up the mental developmental index (MDI) and the psychomotor developmental index (PDI) of symptomatic babies with seizures were significantly lower (P less than 0.001) as compared to those with other features of hypoglycaemia as well as asymptomatic babies. The neurodevelopmental status of babies with symptoms other than seizures was also significantly poorer (P less than 0.001), when compared to asymptomatic hypoglycaemic babies. The duration of hypoglycaemia was directly related to the MDI (r = -0.74, y = 102.5 - 0.69x) and PDI (r = -0.81, y = 105.6 - 0.86x). This study indicates that there is a need to identify babies vulnerable to symptomatic hypoglycaemia more precisely.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hypoglycemia/physiopathology , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/physiopathology , Motor Activity/physiology , Nervous System/growth & development
16.
Indian J Pediatr ; 1989 Nov-Dec; 56(6): 765-9
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-82311

ABSTRACT

Anterior fontanel tension (AFT) has been shown to reflect the intracranial pressure (ICP). A new transducer was designed for AFT measurement which overcomes the problems of replacement in subsequent use. Using the transducer AFT was monitored noninvasively over extended periods in about 200 normal and sick neonates. The results indicate that the technique can be used to identify elevated pressure due to different disease conditions and it has a potential to help in understanding physiological and pathological mechanisms causing alterations in the normal cerebrospinal dynamics. Further studies are underway to establish the full potentials of the technique.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/physiopathology , Intracranial Pressure , Monitoring, Physiologic/instrumentation , Transducers
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