ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:The cytokine interleukin-22 (IL-22), which is produced by T cells and natural killer cells, is associated with tumorigenesis and tumor progression in cancers. However, the role of IL-22 in bladder cancer has not been investigated.MATERIALS AND METHODS:A prospective hospital-based case-control study comprising 210 patients with pathologically proven bladder cancer and 210 age- and gender-matched healthy controls was conducted. The genotypes of 3 common polymorphisms (-429 C/T, +1046 T/A and +1995 A/C) of the IL-22 gene were determined with fluorogenic 5' exonuclease assays.RESULTS:Patients with bladder cancer had a significantly higher frequency of the IL-22 -429 TT genotype [odds ratio (OR)=2.04, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.19, 3.49; p=0.009] and -429 T allele (OR=1.42, 95% CI=1.08, 1.87; p=0.01) than the healthy controls. These findings were still significant after a Bonferroni correction. When stratifying according to the stage of bladder cancer, we found that patients with superficial bladder cancer had a significantly lower frequency of the IL-22 -429 TT genotype (OR=0.48, 95% CI=0.23, 0.98; p=0.04). When stratifying according to the grade and histological type of bladder cancer, we found no statistical association. The IL-22 +1046 T/A and IL-22 +1995 A/C gene polymorphisms were not associated with the risk of bladder cancer.CONCLUSION:To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report documenting that the IL-22 -429 C/T gene polymorphism is associated with bladder cancer risk. Additional studies are required to confirm this finding.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Papillary/genetics , Interleukins/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics , Case-Control Studies , Gene Frequency , Genetic Association Studies , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genotype , Interleukins/classification , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prospective Studies , Risk FactorsSubject(s)
Humans , Cytokines/classification , Lung , Colony-Stimulating Factors/classification , Colony-Stimulating Factors/pharmacology , Cytokines/pharmacology , Interferons/classification , Interferons/pharmacology , Interleukins/classification , Interleukins/pharmacology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/classification , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacologySubject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Cytokines/physiology , Interleukins/physiology , Lung/physiology , Cytokines/classification , Growth Substances/classification , Growth Substances/physiology , Interleukin-1/classification , Interleukin-1/physiology , Interleukins/classification , Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate/adverse effects , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/classification , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/physiologyABSTRACT
En los últimos años, la aparición y uso de la biología molecular han ayudado a esclarecer los procesos inmunofisiológicos que intervienen en la homeostasis del hombre. Las interleuquinas, una familia de polipéptidos pertenecientes al grupo de mediadores biológicos o citoquinas, se han visto beneficiadas con las ventajas de la tecnología recombinante la cual ha permitido conocer la estructura, funciones y mecanismos de regulación de cada una de ellas. Originalmente conocidas como factores protéicos mediadores de la respuesta inmunológica celular, hoy por sus profundos efectos sobre otros sistemas fisiológicos son consideradas las hormonas del sistema inmune. La potente actividad biológica de las Interleuquinas empieza a ser empleada no sólo como recurso diagnóstico, sino como puntal terapéutico frente a uno de los grandes desafíos de las ciencias biológicas como es el cáncer