Prolapsus muqueux de l'urêtre de la petite fille: diagnostic et traitement / Girl mucosal urethral prolapse: diagnosis and treatment

Defi ned as circumferential eversion of the epithelium of the distal urethra, mucosal prolapse of the urethra occurs in the girl child. The diagnosis is clinical but may be overlooked or confused with other conditions. Treatment remains controversial. The aim was to describe the anatomical and therapeutic aspects. Methods. This was a retrospective and descriptive study over 5 years. Age, time of admission and circumstances of occurrence were analysed. Clinical aspects were based on the length of the prolapse (small less than 1 cm, medium: between 1 and 2 cm, large more than 2 cm), the colour of the prolapse and the presence or absence of bleeding. The treatment was medical (hormonal) and surgical in case of failure of hormonal treatment. The evaluation of the results was based on the occurrence of recurrence and urinary incontinence. The average follow-up was 18 months. Results. Twenty-one patients were included in the study with a mean age of 6.5 years. The mean time to onset was 12.4 days. Vulvar bleeding was the reason for consultation in n=9 patients. The prolapse was large in 12 patients, medium in 9 patients and small in 3 patients. The prolapse was violaceous in 15 patients. Medical

Características histopatológicas del carcinoma colorrectal con inestabilidad microsatelital (IMS) / Histopathologic characteristics of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer

El carcinoma colorrectal es una de las neoplasias con mayor incidencia a nivel mundial. Algunos de los tipos tienen componente hereditario y asociación con defectos en la reparación génica a nivel replicacional, por mutaciones en los genes encargados (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 y PMS2), llamándose esto la inestabilidad microsatelital. Esta situación se acompaña de mayor predisposición a desarrollar carcinoma colorrectal y algunos extracolónicos que incluyen cáncer de estómago, endometrio, ovarios y tracto urinario, entre otros. Es importante, entonces, evaluar la presencia de la inestabilidad microsatelital a nivel histopatológico conociendo que hay ciertos hallazgos que hacen sospechar la presencia de estas alteraciones genéticas, tales como la presencia de linfocitos intraepiteliales, infiltrado inflamatorio Crohn-like , el subtipo histológico y la localización. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar en detalle algunas características de las variables mencionadas, así como resaltar la importancia de otras variables histopatológicas con impacto pronóstico.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. Some have a heritable component and are associated with a genetic defect in replication error repair due to MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 genes mutations known as microsatellite instability. This entails a greater predisposition to CRC and other extracolonic cancers including stomach, endometrium, ovary and urinary tract cancers, among other. Thus, it is important to detect histologic microsatellite instability through certain findings such as intraepithelial infiltrating lymphocytes, Crohn-like inflammatory reaction, histologic subtype and anatomical location leading to suspect the presence of genetic alterations. The objective of this article was to examine some features of said variables in detail and highlight the importance of other histopathologic variables with prognostic significance.

Cytotoxic effects of γδT cells on bladder cancer cells and expression of MICA/B in bladder cancer / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the role of γδT cells against bladder cancer and to detect the expression of stress proteins MICA/B recognized by γδT cells in bladder cancer.@*METHODS@#γδT cells from peripheral blood drawn from 6 bladder cancer patients with pamidronate stimulating were expanded. Flow cytometry was used to detect the purity and expansion folds of γδT cells, and the expression of CD107a on γδT cells after PMA/ionomycin stimulated. The cytotoxicity assay was carried out to test the cytotoxicity of γδT cells against human bladder cancer cell lines. The expression of MICA/B on bladder cancer cell lines and in bladder cancer tissues were detected through flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry respectively.@*RESULTS@#γδT cells from peripheral blood drawn from 6 bladder cancer patients were successfully expanded. The purity was 75%-94% and the expansion folds were 109-371 times. After being stimulated by PMA/ionomycin, the proportion of CD107a+ γδT cells increased significantly, reaching 40%-82%. γδT cells from the 6 bladder cancer patients showed obvious cytotoxic effects on 3 human bladder cancer cell lines which was enhanced as the effector: the target ratio increased. MICA/B were detected both in 3 bladder cancer cell lines and in 26 bladder cancer tissues. The staining score of MICA/B in invasive bladder cancer was slightly higher than that in non-invasive bladder cancer, and in advanced bladder cancer was higher than that in low grade bladder cancer, but the statistical analysis showed that the staining score of MICA/B was no significant correlation between the tissue and the tumor stages and grades.@*CONCLUSION@#γδT cells from the peripheral blood of the bladder cancer patients could be successfully expanded in vitro, and showed significant anti-bladder cancer effect. MICA/B were detected both in bladder cancer cell lines and in bladder cancer tissues. The statistical analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between the staining scores of MICA/B in the tissue and the tumor stages and grades.

Síndrome seudogripal en un paciente con terapia antituberculosa / Flu-like syndrome in a patient with antitubercular therapy

El síndrome seudogripal es un cuadro consistente en fiebre, malestar general, cefalea, mialgias y vómitos, que puede ser generado por agentes infecciosos o por medicamentos. Se reporta el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino de 69 años de edad, con cuadro de 4 meses de evolución de tos con expectoración purulenta, astenia, diaforesis nocturna y baciloscopia seriada de esputo positiva. Empieza tratamiento con rifampicina + isoniazida + pirazinamida + etambutol. Tres horas después del inicio de la terapia presenta malestar general, escalofrío, vómitos y fiebre. Al día siguiente, aunque el paciente refiere mejoría del cuadro, al ingerir la segunda dosis del tratamiento antituberculoso reaparecen los síntomas referidos. Se hace el diagnóstico de síndrome seudogripal, una entidad poco frecuente pero relacionada a algunos antibióticos para la tuberculosis, el cual debe reconocerse para establecer manejo oportuno y mejorar la adherencia a la farmacoterapia.

Flu-like syndrome is a clinical state characterised by fever, malaise, headache, myalgia and vomiting that can be generated by various infectious agents or drugs. A case of a 69 year-old man with a 4-month history of cough with purulent sputum, fatigue, night sweats and serial sputum smear for acid alcohol fast bacilli positive is presented. The patient began treatment with rifampicin + isoniazid + pyrazinamide + ethambutol and three hours after treatment administration, he presented with malaise, chills, vomiting and fever. The next day, although he reported an improvement in his condition, upon taking the second therapy dose the referred symptoms recurred. Flu-like syndrome was diagnosed. This is a rare entity that has been relatedto antitubercular drugs and must be promptly identified to provide appropriate managementand to improve the patient's adherence to pharmacotherapy.