Histological studies on pancreatic tissue in diabetic rats by using wild cherry

A lot of debate about wild cherry is published especially it's hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects, this study is conducted to see the histological, biochemical and morphometrical changes in rats pancreas. Wild cherry possesses a mild stimulatory action on pancreatic islets. Also it can be regarded as protective to islets of Langerhans in diabetic rats. Fifteen Rats were employed in this study. they were divided into 3 groups [5 normal controls, 5 given alloxan, 5 Treated with cherry herbs after given alloxan]. The normal control group resulted, no abnormalities in pancreatic tissue, while the group of alloxan rats showed marked reduction in the diameter of islets of langerhans with necrosis cells, it also showed increase in blood sugar [as compared with the control Group]. The wild cherries group showed apparently normal pancreatic tissue and islets of langerhans diameter, also normal blood sugar [as compared with the alloxan group]. Islets cells destruction was evident after alloxan administration, while protection action was prominent after wild cherry in diabetic rats

Dieta hiperlipídica e capacidade secretória de insulina em ratos / High-fat diet and secretory capacity of insulin in rats

OBJETIVOS: Este estudo investigou, em ratos, os efeitos da administração crônica de uma dieta hiperlipídica palatável sobre: ganho de peso, adiposidade, conteúdos de glicogênio hepático e muscular, glicemia e insulinemia, morfologia do pâncreas e secreção de insulina por ilhotas isoladas, incubadas in vitro. MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar machos (21 dias de idade) foram alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica palatável ou com dieta padrão, durante 15 semanas. Peso corporal e consumo de ração foram avaliados diariamente, glicose e insulina plasmática foram avaliadas semanalmente. Após o sacrifício, pâncreas, fígado, gastrocnêmio e tecidos adiposos foram coletados e pesados. Cortes do pâncreas foram analisados por microscopia ótica comum. Insulina plasmática e a secretada por ilhotas isoladas, após incubação na presença de diferentes concentrações de glicose, foram avaliadas por radioimunoensaio. RESULTADOS: A dieta hiperlipídica palatável aumentou a adiposidade, a percentagem do ganho de peso corporal e o conteúdo do glicogênio hepático, quando comparada à dos animais alimentados com dieta padrão. Glicemias e insulinemias de jejum não diferiram entre os grupos. A secreção de insulina das ilhotas isoladas dos ratos aumentou, nos tratados com dieta hiperlipídica, apenas em presença de concentrações fisiológicas de glicose (G= 8,3mM). A dieta hiperlipídica reduziu o tamanho do pâncreas, mas aumentou o número de células beta. Além disso, o lúmen dos vasos sangüíneos pancreáticos apresentou-se reduzido, quando comparado aos controles. CONCLUSÃO: A obesidade provocada pela dieta hiperlipídica não alterou os níveis de glicose e insulina de jejum desses animais. Apesar das alterações morfológicas do pâncreas, a manutenção da normoglicemia dos ratos tratados com dieta hiperlipídica, provavelmente, deveu-se à capacidade preservada de suas ilhotas em secretar insulina.

An immunohistochemical study on the pancreatic islets cells of the Mongolian gerbils, Meriones unguiculatus

In order to study the regional distribution and relative frequency of the immunoreactive endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets of the Mongolian gerbil, pancreatic sections of Meriones unguiculatus were immunostained using an immunohistochemical (PAP) method with four types of specific antisera against insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and human pancreatic polypeptide (PP). The pancreatic islets were subdivided into three portions (central region, mantle zone and peripheral region) according to their composition of immunoreactive cells. Spherical to spindle shaped insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and PP-immunoreactive cells were observed in this study. Insulin-immunoreactive cells were present in the central regions with high frequency, and a few of these cells were also demonstrated in the mantle zones. Glucagon-immunoreactive cells were mainly restricted to the mantle zones. However, rare examples were found in the peripheral regions. As for the glucagon-immunoreactive cells, somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were detected in the mantle zones and peripheral regions with moderate and rare frequencies, respectively. PP-immunoreactive cells were found in the mantle zones and peripheral regions with rare and moderate frequencies, respectively. In the mantle and the peripheral regions, cytoplasmic process of glucagon-, somatostatin- and PP-immunoreactive cells were intermingled. In conclusion, the regional distribution of endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets of Mongolian gerbil was found to be similar to that of other mammals, especially other rodents, except for the topographical different distribution of somatostatin which differs that of other rodents.

Effect of nigella sativa seed's oil on alloxan induced diabetic rats a histological study on pancreatic beta cells

In order to evaluate the potential effect of Nigella sativa seed's oil [NSO] on experimentally induced diabetes, alloxan was injected intra- muscularly in a single dose of 175 mg/kg in adult male albino rats. A group of animals was kept diabetic for fifteen days, another group for three months and a third group was injected with alloxan then after four days were treated daily with NSO for fifteen days. A fourth group was treated with NSO after three months of alloxan injection. The fifth group was kept as control. Alloxan caused degranulation and massive destruction of beta cells, especially after three months of diabetes induction. Treatment of early stage of diabetes [after four days of alloxan injection] with NSO prevented the subsequent changes by alloxan. NSO had no role in the treatment of chronic diabetes [at late stage]. As regard these findings, the anti-diabetic effect of NSO was clearly observed only in the treatment of early stage of diabetes rather than after three months of the diseases. It was concluded that the anti- diabetic effect of NSO may be through its protective effect on beta cells, especially in early stage of the disease

non-immunologic effect of cyclosporin A on the islet cells of Langerhans: Clinical and experimental study

Cyclosporin A [CyA] is utilized as an immunomodulator to stop the immunopathological reactions preceding and accompanying insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Some published results seem promising; on the other h and, a destructive effect on the islet cells of Langerhans has been observed experimentally by some research workers. The aim of the present study was to investigate thoroughly this phenomenon to find out the eventual effect of CyA on the nondiabetic pancreas and whether this effect, if any, is dose related. For this, 40 patients receiving CyA for two years have been included in the study. 25 patients receiving a dose of 2-5 mg/kg/d, 10 patients receiving 5.1-10 mg/kg/d and 5 patients receiving more than 10 mg/kg/d. Blood glucose levels and plasma insulin levels have been measured before CyA administration and 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after it. This study has been coupled with an experimental one, using 60 male rats weighing about 100 g each divided in 4 groups receiving no drug, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg/d, respectively, and sacrificed at the end of 1, 2, and 3 months to have the pancreas examined histologically. The effect of CyA was simulatory in the first 3 months, then the effect has been proportional to the dose the small dose having no effect, while the large dose had a suppressor one. The experimental study revealed a parallelism with the clinical results. Moreover, the number of delta cells in the islets of Langerhans has been increased with the high doses. These findings can explain the phenomena accompanying the use of CyA in the context of glucose metabolism