Investigation of Antigen and Gene Frequency of Kell(K) and Rh(D) Blood Groups in Xinjiang / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the phenotypes and gene frequencies of Kell blood group system K antigen and Rh blood group system D antigen in Xinjiang, and summarize and understand the distribution of Kell(K) blood type and Rh(D) blood type in this area.@*METHODS@#A total of 12 840 patients who met the inclusion criteria during physical examination and treatment in our hospital and 18 medical institutions in our district from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019 were collected for identification of Kell blood group system K antigen and Rh blood group System D antigen, and the distribution of K and D blood groups in different regions, genders and nationalities were investigated and statistically analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The proportion of K positive in the samples was 1.39%, the highest was 1.91% in southern Xinjiang, and the lowest was 1.03% in northern Xinjiang(P<0.01). The proportion of Rh(D) negative samples was 2.75% and the gene frequency was 16.64%. The proportion of Rh(D) negative samples was 4.03% and the gene frequency was 20.10% in southern Xinjiang, followed by eastern Xinjiang and the lowest in northern Xinjiang (P<0.01). The frequency of K antigen in Uygur nationality was the highest, reaching 2.16%, Kirgiz 1.54%, and the distribution trend of D/d antigen was similar to that of K antigen. Among women, the K positive frequency of Kazak nationality was slightly higher than that of Mongolian nationality. The highest proportion of K positive in Uygur women was 2.38%, which was higher than that in Uygur men (1.86%). The frequency of d phenotype in Kazak women was 3.15%, which was higher than that in Kirgiz （2.89%） (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The distributions of Kell(K) and Rh(D) blood groups in northern and southern Xinjiang and eastern Xinjiang had its own unique characteristics and differences. There are significant differences in blood group distribution among different ethnic groups and gender groups. In the future, k antigen detection can be included to further improve the investigation on the distribution of Kell blood group system in this region.

A Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction due to Anti-Ku Antibody in a Patient with Knull Phenotype: The First Case in Korea / 대한진단검사의학회지

Knull phenotype completely lacks all Kell system antigens. Anti-Ku antibody is seen in immunized persons with Knull phenotype by transfusion or pregnancy. It can cause a fatal hemolytic transfusion reaction. A 66-yr-old male patient with liver cirrhosis visited emergency center due to acute bleeding. The patient was at hypovolemic shock status: his blood pressure was 80/50 mmHg, pulse rate was 110/min and hemoglobin level was 4.4 g/dL. Because of the presence of antibody against high incidence antigen, we could not find any compatible blood for the patient. Nevertheless, 4 units of packed RBCs had to be transfused. Moderate hemolytic transfusion reaction was developed after transfusion. At endoscopic examination, blood was spurting from gastric cardiac varix. Endoscopic histoacryl injection was tried, and bleeding was successfully controlled. After bleeding stopped, he was managed for anemia using steroid and other medical therapy instead of transfusion. His hemoglobin level was improved to 7.7 g/dL at the time of discharge. Later he has been proved to have a Knull phenotype, which is very rare, and anti-Ku antibody. This report is the first case of anti-Ku in a Knull phenotype person in Korea, who experienced a moderate hemolytic transfusion reaction.

Distribución de los fenotipos y genotipos de Sistema Kell en la población de Costa Rica / Distribution of the phenotype and genotype of Kell system in the Costa Rican population

Se analizó una muestra de sangre de 1257 personas procedentes de las siete provincias de Costa Rica, sin relación de parentesco entre ellas, para investigar los fenotipos del sistema Kell. Se encontró una frecuencia del 0,16 por ciento para Kell homocigoto, de 96,74 por ciento para el Cellano homocigoto y de 3,16 por ciento para el fenotipo heterocigoto, esto corresponde a una frecuencia génica de 0,0171 para K y de 0,9829 para k. El tamaño de la muestra se determinó de acuerdo con la fórmula n=Z2pq/d2 y la frecuenca alélica por el método de conteo de genes. A un nivel de significancia de 0,005 y 2 grados de libertad el valor de x2=10,5970 (p<0,005), indica que no hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la distribución observada y la esperada. Las frecuencias encontradas en Costa Rica nos indican que este sistema tiene poca importancia clínica y en los estudios de paternidad discutida en este país. (Rev Cost Cienc Méd 1999; 20(1-2): 77-81) PALABRAS CLAVE: Sistema Kell, Fenotipos Kell, Genotipos Kell, Genes Kell Costa Rica

Frecuencia fenotípica y génica del antígeno kell en la región central de Cuba (Villa Clara) / Genic and phenotypic frecuency of kell antigen in the central region of Cuba (Villa Clara)

Se presenta la frecuencia fenotípica y génica del antígeno Kell en una muestra de la población de la región central Cuba que representa la primera investigación sobre el sistema sanguíneo Kell realizada en la población cubana. Sobre la base de los resultados obtenidos se determinó la fecuencia génica del alelo K1 (Kell) y de su antitético esperado K2 (CELLANO); se encontró que su distribución en los principals grupos raciales de nuestra población es heterogénea: blancos (0,030 ; 0,970), negros (0,009 ; 0,991) y mulatos (0,016 ; 0,984)

Population genetics in the state of Nuevo León, México: VII. Frequencies of ABO, Rh(D), MN, Kell and other genetic traits in patients with allergy

Con el propósito de contribuir al conocimiento de la composición genética de las poblaciones humanas en el Estado de Nuevo León y basándose en el hecho de que los análisis de las frecuencias relativas de diferentes características genéticas en grupos de personas que sufren de varios estados de enfermedad han ayudado para indicar el componente genético que, a un mayor o menor grado están presentes en la mayoría de las enfermedades humanas, fueron analizadas las frecuencias para los grupos sanguíneos ABO, Rh(D), MN y Jell, así como la habiliddad para gustar la feniltiocarbamida (FTC), la presencia de vellos en la falange media, uso de las manos y la preferencia para el cruzado de manos y brazos, en 350 pacientes que padecían asma, rinitis alérgica (fiebre de heno) y diferentes alergias de piel, y 172 personas testígos comparadas por edad y sexo. Pacientes con rinitis mostraron frecuencias más altas de los grupos sanguíneos M y K(-), sensibilidad positiva a la FTC, presencia de vello en la falange digital media, cruzado izquierdo de mano y brazo. Pacientes con asma tenían alta frecuencia de grupo sanguíneos Rh(+) y K(-) y personas con alergias de piel mostraron altos porcentajes de grupo sanguíneo M

Further study of Rh, Kell, Duffy, P, MN, Lewis and Gerbiech blood groups of the Thais.

Blood and saliva from unselected blood donors at the Blood Bank, Siriraj Hospital were studied. Two Kell positive, two Rh negative and one Gerbiech negative were found, which could be considered as rare blood type in Thailand. The commonest Rh gene complex was CDe (R11 and the presence of CDE (Rz) in this study are the usual pattern of people in Southeast Asia. Fya is very common as in other people of Asia. In the Lewis system, the incidence of Le (a + b -) was 28.48% which agree well with our previous report 30.9%. There were 410 out of 1,668, (23.17%) who were found to be Lea non-secretor and 95 of them have Lewis antibodies in their sera. Aberrant secretion patterns were also found in this study, 5 people were found to secrete A or B substances according to their blood groups but no H substance was detectable. Further investigation of Lewis groups and secretion in Thailand are needed.