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1.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 80(3): e0003, 2021. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1251330

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar sensibilidade do volume corneano, asfericidade e índice D para o diagnóstico precoce de ceratocone. Métodos: Estudo transversal analítico, realizado entre dezembro de 2018 e outubro de 2020, no qual foram analisados os prontuários de 39 pacientes (78 olhos) diagnosticados com ceratocone por um único subespecialista em córnea, por meio dos critérios de Belin/Ambrosio Enhanced Ectasia. Os dados coletados foram: asfericidade anterior, asfericidade posterior, índice D e suas frações (Da, Db, Dt, Dp e Df). Os dados foram digitados e manipulados em Excel, para posterior tratamento utilizando o programa Statistical Package for Social Science do Windows, versão 21.0. As variáveis categóricas foram apresentadas como valor absoluto e percentual. Variáveis contínuas foram apresentadas como média ± desvio-padrão e mediana (intervalo de confiança de 95%). Resultados: Foram analisados 78 olhos, com idade média de 28,2±5,8 anos e porcentagem entre o sexo feminino e masculino de 59,0% e 41,0%, respectivamente. O índice D apresentou estreita relação com sua fração Db nos casos iniciais de ceratocone, enquanto a fração Dt apresentou tal relação de forma reduzida. Conclusão: A correlação entre o índice D e sua fração Db sugere alterações precoces na elevação corneana posterior, colaborando para o diagnóstico de ceratocone subclínico.


ABSTRACT Objective: To assess sensitivity of corneal volume, corneal asphericity, and D index in early diagnosis of keratoconus. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study, carried out between December 2018 and October 2020, which analyzed the medical records of 39 patients (78 eyes) diagnosed as keratoconus by a single corneal specialist, using the criteria of Belin-Ambrosio Enhanced Ectasia Display. The collected data were anterior asphericity, posterior asphericity, D index and its parameters (Da, Db, Dt, Dp and Df). The data were entered and handled in Excel, for later data treatment using the software Statistical Package for Social Science, version 21.0, for Windows. The categorical variables were presented as absolute value and percentages. The continuous variables were presented as mean±standard deviation, and median (95% of confidence interval). Results: We analyzed 78 eyes, mean age of 28.2±5.8 years, 59.0% of sample were female, and 41.0%, male. The D index showed a close relation to its Db parameter in the cases of keratoconus at early stage, while Dt parameter showed a reduced relation. Conclusion: The correlation between the D index and its Db parameter suggests early changes in the posterior corneal elevation, contributing to early diagnosis of subclinical keratoconus.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Tomography/methods , Corneal Topography , Keratoconus/physiopathology , Keratoconus/diagnostic imaging , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Early Diagnosis
2.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 83(2): 92-97, Mar.-Apr. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1088968

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To analyze subclinical keratoconus topography indexes using Pentacam and Orbscan-II measurements to identify evidences for seeking sensitive indexes to screen and diagnose subclinical keratoconus. Methods: Fifty healthy participants (50 eyes) and 40 patients with subclinical keratoconus (40 eyes) were included. Seven common parameters including corneal thickness at the thinnest point; minimum curvature of the front surface (minimum simulated keratometry value, SimK's Min); maximum curvature of the front surface (maximum simulated keratometry value, SimK's Max); the frontal corneal surface best-fit spherical radius of the curvature; the back corneal surface best-fit spherical radius of curvature; the anterior corneal surface height (anterior Diff value); and the posterior corneal surface height (posterior Diff value) measured by Pentacam and Orbscan-II between normal and subclinical keratoconus eyes were compared. Results: Statistical differences between the healthy and subclinical keratoconus groups (p<0.01) were found in all corneal parameters measured using both devices. Differences in the minimum curvature of the front surface (SimK's Min), thinnest point, anterior Diff value, and posterior Diff value were significant between Pentacam and Orbscan-II in the subclinical keratoconus group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study identify the differences between normal and subclinical keratoconus eyes at the minimum curvature of the front surface, maximum curvature of the front surface, frontal corneal surface best-fit spherical radius of curvature, back corneal surface best-fit spherical radius of curvature, Anterior Diff value, and Posterior Diff value measures using Orbscan II and Pentacam that can help eye care practitioners clinically diagnose subclinical keratoconus.


RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os índices subclínicos de to pografia de ceratocone utilizando as medidas feitas com Pentacam e com Orbscan-II para identificar evidências para a busca de índices sensíveis para triagem e diagnóstico de ceratocone subclínico. Métodos: Cinquenta participantes saudáveis (50 olhos) e 40 pacientes com ceratocone subclínico (40 olhos) foram incluídos. Sete parâmetros comuns, incluindo a espessura da córnea no ponto mais fino; a curvatura mínima da superfície frontal (valor mínimo da ceratometria simulada, Min de SimK); a curvatura máxima da superfície frontal (valor máximo da ceratometria simulada, Max de SimK); a superfície frontal e a superfície posterior da córnea de melhor ajuste ao raio da curvatura, a altura da superfície anterior da córnea (valor Diff anterior) e a altura da superfície corneana posterior (valor Diff posterior) medidos pelo Pentacam e pelo Orbscan-II entre os olhos normais e com ceratocone subclínico foram comparados. Resultados: As diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos saudável e com ceratocone subclínico (p<0,01) foram encontradas em todos os parâmetros corneanos medidos usando ambos os dispositivos. Diferenças na curvatura mínima da superfície frontal (Min de SimK) no ponto mais fino, no valor Diff anterior e no valor Diff posterior foram significativas entre Pentacam e Orbscan-II no grupo com ceratocone subclínico (p<0,05). Conclusão: Os achados deste estudo identificam as diferenças entre olhos normais e com ceratocone subclínico para a curvatura mínima da superfície frontal, a curvatura máxima da superfície frontal, a superfície corneana frontal e a superfície corneana posterior de melhor ajuste ao raio esférico da curvatura e as medidas de Diff anterior e posterior usando Orbscan II e o Pentacam que podem auxiliar os profissionais de oftalmologia a diagnosticar clinicamente o ceratocone subclínico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Cornea/pathology , Cornea/diagnostic imaging , Corneal Topography/instrumentation , Keratoconus/pathology , Keratoconus/diagnostic imaging , Reference Values , Case-Control Studies , Prospective Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Statistics, Nonparametric , Corneal Topography/methods
3.
Rev. cuba. oftalmol ; 33(1): e832, ene.-mar. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1126721

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivos: Determinar las modificaciones tomográficas en pacientes con queratocono tratados con crosslinking corneal en 8 años de evolución. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo de 58 ojos pertenecientes al mismo número de pacientes con queratocono progresivo, operados con crosslinking corneal en el año 2009 en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer". El análisis estadístico se realizó con la prueba t para datos pareados, con significación del 95 por ciento. Resultados: La media final de la SimK1, SimK2, la queratometría media y el cilindro topográfico fueron de 44,57 ± 3,08; 47,75 ± 3,96; 46,16 ± 3,28 y 3,45 ± 2,35 dioptrías respectivamente. El factor Q, la curvatura mínima sagital, el índice de variación de superficie, el índice de asimetría en elevación y el índice de queratocono finales fueron -0,49 ± 0,34; 6,85 ± 0,73; 51,00 ± 20,09; 27,38 ± 12,77 y 1,05 ± 0,12 respectivamente. La media final de volumen corneal, la elevación posterior, la paquimetría central, el ápex y el punto más fino fueron 57,63 ± 2,45 mm3; 36,22 ± 27,42 µm; 458,97 ± 65,03 µm; 460,34 ± 64,90 µm y 454,79 ± 69,36 µm. Predominó la córnea prolata con 62,1 por ciento. Conclusiones: La reducción de las queratometrías, del cilindro topográfico y de los índices variación de superficie, asimetría en elevación y queratocono con tendencia a la estabilización demostraron una reducción de la severidad del queratocono(AU)


ABSTRACT Objectives: Determine the tomographic modifications in patients with keratoconus treated with corneal crosslinking (CXL) in 8 years of evolution, in the Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology "Ramón Pando Ferrer". Methods: A descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study was conducted of 58 eyes of 58 patients with progressive keratoconus, operated with corneal crosslinking in 2009. The statistical analysis was performed with the T-Test for paired data, with a significance of 95 percent. Results: The final mean of the SimK1, SimK2, KM and the topographic cylinder were 44,57 ± 3,08 D; 47,75 ± 3,96 D; 46,16 ± 3,28 D and 3,45 ± 2,35 D respectively. The final factor Q, Rmin, ISV, IHA and the KI index were -0,49 ± 0,34; 6,85 ± 0,73; 51,00 ± 20,09; 27,38 ± 12,77 and 1,05 ± 0,12 respectively. The final mean corneal volume, posterior elevation, central pachymetry, apex and finest point were 57,63 ± 2,45 mm3; 36,22 ± 27,42 µm; 458,97 ± 65,03 µm; 460,34 ± 64,90 µm and 454,79 ± 69,36 µm. The prolata cornea predominated with 62,1 percent. Conclusions: The reduction in keratometry, topographic cylinder and ISV, IHA, and KI indexes with a tendency to stabilization showed a reduction in severe keratoconus(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Keratoconus/diagnostic imaging , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Longitudinal Studies
4.
Rev. cuba. oftalmol ; 31(4): 54-60, oct.-dic. 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-991112

ABSTRACT

La adaptación de lentes de contacto en queratocono avanzado se torna compleja por la gran excentricidad de la zona apical. El lente de contacto rígido de diámetro pequeño con curva posterior parabólica o hiperbólica (diseño de alta excentricidad) es una excelente opción para el queratocono con ectasias de diámetro pequeño y alta elevación. Permite proteger la zona apical del cono y hace confortable la adaptación del lente en pacientes que aún no justifican una queratoplastia. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar cómo una adecuada adaptación permite retrasar o evitar una cirugía de alta complejidad para el paciente(AU)


The adaptation of contact lenses to treat advanced keratoconus is complex due to the great eccentricity of the apical area. The small diameter rigid contact lenses with parabolic or hyperbolic posterior curve (high eccentricity design) are an excellent choice for keratoconus with small diameter and highly elevated ectasias. It allows protecting the apical area of the cone and makes the adaptation of the lens more comfortable in those patients who do not require keratoplasty yet. The objective of this work is to show how an appropriate adaptation allows to retard or to avoid a surgery of high complexity for the patient(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Corneal Transplantation/methods , Corneal Topography/adverse effects , Keratoconus/diagnostic imaging
5.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 79(6): 363-365, Nov.-Dec. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-838750

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to explore the effects of the Valsalva maneuver (VM) on ectatic corneas during anterior segment tomography scans using a Scheimpflug camera. Methods: This prospective observational study included 100 eyes of 50 patients with bilateral keratoconus (KC). Anterior segment tomography was first performed when the patients were in a resting position and immediately repeated as the participant performed VM. Scheimpflug images were taken using a Pentacam®. Results: The mean age of the participants was 24.14 ± 6.59 years. Of the 100 eyes included in the study, 7% had stage 1 KC, 47% had stage 2 KC, 32% had stage 3 KC, and 14% had stage 4 KC. The indices of KC were not significantly affected by VM. Similarly, no statistically significant differences were found between the stages of KC, or with the mean pachymetric progression index during VM. Pupil diameter showed a statistically significant increase during VM (p=0.017). There was a statistically significant decrease in the anterior chamber angle measurement during VM (p=0.001). Maximum curvature power in the front of the cornea decreased more during VM in stage 4 KC than for the other stages (p=0.014). Conclusions: No changes associated with VM were found in the KC indices or the stage of the disease. However, an increase in pupil diameter and a decrease in anterior chamber angle value were found. These changes were comparable to values obtained from previous studies performed on normal corneas.


RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo explorar os efeitos da manobra de Valsalva (VM) na córnea ectásica durante a varredura tomográfica do segmento anterior usando a câmera de Scheimpflug. Métodos: Foi conduzido estudo observacional, prospectivo envolvendo 100 olhos de 50 pacientes que apresentavam ceratocone (KC) bilateral. Tomografia do segmento anterior foi realizada inicialmente quando os pacientes estavam em posição de repouso e imediatamente depois, no curso de VM. Imagens de Scheimpflug foram feitas usando Pentacam®. Resultados: A média de idade dos participantes foi 24,14 ± 6,59 anos de idade. Dos olhos incluídos no estudo, 7% apresentava KC estágio 1,47% apresentava estágio 2,32% apresentava estágio 3, e 14% apresentava estágio 4. Índices de KC não foram significativamente afetadas pela VM. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas com o estágio do KC, e o índice médio de progressão paquimétrica durante a VM. O diâmetro da pupila (PD) mostrou aumento estatisticamente significativo durante a VM (p=0,017). Houve diminuição estatisticamente significativa na medida do ângulo da câmara anterior durante a VM (p=0,001). O poder máximo de curvatura anterior da córnea no KC estágio 4 diminuiu mais do que os outros estágios durante o VM (p=0,014). Conclusões: Não foram encontradas alterações nos índices KC e no estágio da doença por causa da VM. Verificou-se que houve aumento na PD e uma diminuição no valor do ângulo da câmara anterior. Estas alterações foram comparáveis aos valores obtidos a partir de estudos realizados em córneas normais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Photography/methods , Valsalva Maneuver/physiology , Cornea/diagnostic imaging , Corneal Topography/methods , Keratoconus/diagnosis , Anterior Chamber/diagnostic imaging , Prospective Studies , Disease Progression , Corneal Pachymetry/methods , Keratoconus/pathology , Keratoconus/diagnostic imaging
6.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 79(4): 264-267, July-Aug. 2016. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-794574

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT We report two cases of suspicious asymmetric bow tie and inferior steepening on topographic evaluations with reflection (Placido) and projection (Scheimpflug). Rotating Scheimpflug corneal and anterior segment tomography (Oculus Pentacam HR, Wetzlar, Germany)® was performed in the first case, with a maximal keratometric value (Kmax) of 43.2 D and an overall deviation value from the Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display (BAD-D) of 1.76, which was observed in the study eye (OD). BAD-D was 6.59 in the fellow eye, which had clinical findings that were consistent with keratoconus stage 2. The second case presented with a Kmax of 45.3 D and BAD-D of 0.76 in OD and 1.01 in OS. This patient had discontinued wearing soft contact lens less than 1 day prior to examination. Corneal tomographic data enabled us to distinguish mild or forme fruste keratoconus from contact lens-induced corneal warpage, and similar findings were observed on curvature maps.


RESUMO O presente estudo tem por objetivo relatar dois casos suspeitos que apresentam bow tie assimétrico e encurvamento inferior nas avaliações topográficas de reflexão (Placido) e projeção (Scheimpflug). A tomografia de córnea e segmento anterior com o sistema Scheimpflug (Oculus Pentacam HR, Wetzlar, Alemanha)® mostrou no primeiro caso, a ceratometria máxima (Kmax) de 43,2 D e o valor D no Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display (BAD-D) de 1,76 no olho estudado (OD). O olho contralateral apresentava BAD-D de 6,59 e achados clínicos compatíveis com ceratocone (KC) grau 2. O segundo caso apresentava Kmax de 45,3 D e BAD-D de 0,76 em OD e 1,01 em OS. Este paciente havia interrompido o uso de lentes de contato gelatinosas 1 dia antes do exame. A avaliação tomográfica avançada nos permitiu distinguir ceratocone leve ou subclínico de warpage induzido por lentes de contato, enquanto resultados semelhantes foram observados em mapas de curvatura anterior.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic/adverse effects , Corneal Topography/methods , Keratoconus/pathology , Keratoconus/diagnostic imaging , Reference Values , Severity of Illness Index , Diagnosis, Differential , Dilatation, Pathologic/etiology , Keratoconus/etiology
7.
Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Medical Sciences) ; (6): 369-70, 2002.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-634116

ABSTRACT

Orbscan-II anterior system was used for early diagnosis of keratoconus. 48 Eyes of 24 patients with suspicious keratoconus were examined by Orbscan-II anterior system from Dec. 1999 to Dec. 2000 and followed up. The values of Diff and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were recorded. Results indicated that values of Diff and ACD were increased in 4 eyes of 2 patients with keratoconus trend during follow-up. Taking advantage of Orbscan-II anterior system to observe the values of Diff and ACD can early diagnose the sub-clinical keratoconus. The values of Diff and ACD can sensitively report the progression of keratoconus.


Subject(s)
Anterior Chamber/pathology , Cornea/pathology , Corneal Topography/instrumentation , Corneal Topography/methods , Evaluation Study , Keratoconus/diagnosis , Keratoconus/diagnostic imaging
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