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1.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 69(4): 403-412, July-Aug. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041995

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background and objectives Intrathecal administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is more efficacious for post-operative pain management. Cyclooxygenase inhibiting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like (S)-(+)-Ketoprofen, may be effective at lower intrathecal doses than parenteral ones. Preclinical safety regarding possible neurotoxicity associated with the intrathecal (S)-(+)-Ketoprofen was not evaluated. Here we analysed the neurotoxicity of intrathecally administered (S)-(+)-Ketoprofen in rats. Methods A randomized placebo-controlled experimental study was conducted. Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g) aged 12-16 weeks were randomly divided into 2 treatments [100 and 800 µg (S)-(+)-Ketoprofen] and control (sterile water) groups. Intrathecal catheters were placed via the atlantoaxial space in anesthetized rats. Pinch-toe tests, motor function evaluations and histopathological examinations of the spinal cord and nerve roots were performed at days 3, 7 and 21. Spinal cord sections were evaluated by light microscopy for the dorsal axonal funiculus vacuolation, axonal myelin loss, neuronal chromatolysis, neuritis, meningeal inflammation, adhesions, and fibrosis. Results Rats in all the groups exhibited normal pinch-toe testing response (score = 0) and normal gait at each observed time (motor function evaluation score = 1). Neurotoxicity was higher with treatments on days 3 and 7 than that on day 21 (2, 3, 0, p = 0.044; 2, 5, 0, p = 0.029, respectively). On day 7, the total scores reflecting neuronal damage were higher in the 800 µg group than those in the 100 µg and Control Groups (5, 3, 0, p = 0.048, respectively). Conclusion Intrathecal (S)-(+)-Ketoprofen caused dose-dependent neurohistopathological changes in rats on days 3 and 7 after injection, suggesting that (S)-(+)-Ketoprofen should not be intrathecally administered.


Resumo Justificativa e objetivos A administração intratecal de anti-inflamatórios não esteroides é mais eficaz no tratamento da dor pós-operatória. Anti-inflamatórios não esteroides, como o (S)-(+)-cetoprofeno, pode ser eficaz em doses intratecais inferiores às parenterais. A segurança pré-clínica relativa à possível neurotoxicidade associada ao (S)-(+)-cetoprofeno intratecal não foi avaliada. Neste estudo avaliamos a neurotoxicidade do (S)-(+)-cetoprofeno administrado por via intratecal em ratos. Métodos Conduzimos um estudo experimental randomizado e controlado por placebo em ratos Sprague-Dawley (250-300 g) com idades entre 12 e 16 semanas. Eles foram randomicamente divididos em dois grupos de tratamento [100 e 800 µg de (S)-(+)-cetoprofeno] e um de controle (água estéril). Cateteres intratecais foram colocados através do espaço atlantoaxial nos ratos anestesiados. Testes de pinça, avaliações da função motora e exames histopatológicos da medula espinhal e das raízes nervosas foram realizados nos dias 3, 7 e 21 do estudo. Os cortes da medula espinhal foram avaliados por microscopia de luz para vacuolização do funículo axonal dorsal, perda de mielina axonal, cromatólise neuronal, neurite, inflamação, aderências e fibrose das meninges. Resultados Em todos os grupos, os ratos exibiram resposta normal ao teste de pinça (pontuação = 0) e marcha normal em cada tempo observado (escore de avaliação da função motora = 1). A neurotoxicidade foi maior com os tratamentos nos dias 3 e 7 do que no dia 21 (2, 3, 0, p = 0,044; 2, 5, 0, p = 0,029, respectivamente). No dia 7, os escores totais refletindo o dano neuronal foram maiores no grupo com 800 µg que nos grupos com 100 µg e controle (5, 3, 0, p = 0,048, respectivamente). Conclusão A administração intratecal de (S)-(+)-cetoprofeno causou alterações neuro-histopatológicas dose-dependentes em ratos nos dias 3 e 7 após a aplicação e sugerindo que o (S)-(+)-cetoprofeno não deve ser administrado por via intratecal.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Spinal Cord/drug effects , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/toxicity , Ketoprofen/toxicity , Neurotoxicity Syndromes/etiology , Rats , Time Factors , Injections, Spinal , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Ketoprofen/administration & dosage , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
2.
Arab Journal of Laboratory Medicine [The]. 2008; 34 (1): 83-94
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-85814

ABSTRACT

To assess the apoptotic effect of metamizol and ketoprofen in the livers, spleens and testes of treated mice. Apoptosis was evaluated in liver, spleen and testes of mice injected intraperitoneally [IP] with therapeutic and high doses of ketoprofen [5 and 7.5 mg/kg] and metamizol [25 and 37.5 mg/kg]. The samples were analyzed for the estimation of apoptosis at intervals of 1, 3 and 6 days of treatment using agarose gel electrophoresis technique. Ketoprofen induced apoptosis in liver, spleen and testes after 3 and 6 days of treatment, while after 1 day of treatment, ketoprofen acts as antiapoptotic agent. Also, metamizol induced little apoptosis in liver, spleen and testes after 1, 3, and 6 days. The increase of the optical density of apoptotic bands was time-and dose-dependent. Ketoprofen induced more observable apoptosis than that induced by metamizol. Ketoprofen shows fluctuated results where it acts as anti-apoptotic agent after 24 [hs] of treatment and apoptotic agent after 3 and 6 days. The work explains that receiving high doses for any period of time is toxic, receiving the therapeutic dose for long time is also toxic, but using the therapeutic dose for the recommended period is advisable


Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Animals , Dipyrone/blood , Ketoprofen/toxicity , Apoptosis , Liver , Spleen , Testis , Mice , Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Electrophoresis, Agar Gel , DNA Damage
3.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 43(3): 233-237, jul.-set. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-439788

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are considered today a very important group of medication, with a wide variety of therapeutic use, in different areas of modern medicine. Despite their beneficial effects on the patient, these drugs show a high incidence of side effects, mainly in the gastrointestinal tract. The physiopathological mechanisms of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs induced lesions and the gastric mucosa defense mechanism became an important source for medical research, especially those which try to evaluate the role of nitric oxide as a cytoprotective agent. AIM: To define a possible cytoprotective effect of a nitric oxide donor, isosorbide dinitrate, on the gastric mucous of rats submitted to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ketoprofen treatment. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats, previously submitted to starvation for 24 hours and divided in three groups: group I (standard): animals that received isotonic saline solution intragastric by gavage and intravenous. Group II (control-ketoprofen): animals that received isotonic saline solution intragastric by gavage and ketoprofen intravenous. Group III (nitrate/ketoprofen): animals that received 2mM solution of isosorbide dinitrate intragastric by gavage and ketoprofen intravenous. Later on, these animals were sacrificed and had their stomach removed and submitted to macroscopical, microscopical and biochemical studies. The evaluated parameters were: a) gastric lesion index; b) gastric mucous layer thickness; c) gastric tissue nitrate/nitrite (NOx) concentration and d) gastric tissue malondialdehyde concentration. RESULTS: a) Gastric lesion index evaluation showed a smaller statistically significant incidence on the animals of group III; b) group III showed a thicker mucous layer, which also was statistically significant, when compared to group II; c) the variation on tissue nitrate/nitrite concentration was similar in all three groups, without statistical significance when compared...


RACIONAL: Drogas antiinflamatórias não-esteróides são consideradas, atualmente, importante grupo de medicamentos, com ampla variedade de uso terapêutico, em diferentes áreas da medicina moderna. Apesar de seus efeitos benéficos para o paciente, apresentam grande incidência de efeitos colaterais, principalmente no trato gastrointestinal. Os mecanismos fisiopatológicos de lesões induzidas por essas drogas e os mecanismos de defesa da mucosa gástrica tornaram-se uma importante linha de pesquisa médica, especialmente procurando avaliar o papel de óxido nítrico como agente citoprotetor. OBJETIVO: Estudar uma droga doadora de ácido nítrico - o dinitrato de isossorbida - e sua ação citoprotetora da mucosa gástrica de ratos submetidos ao tratamento com uma droga antiinflamatória - o cetoprofeno. MÉTODOS: Ratos machos adultos previamente submetidos a jejum de 24 horas, foram divididos em três grupos: a) grupo I (controle): animais, que receberam apenas solução salina isotônica via intragástrica, por gavagem e via endovenosa; b) grupo II (cetoprofeno-controle): animais que receberam solução salina via intragástrica por gavagem e cetoprofeno via endovenosa, e c) grupo III (nitrato/cetoprofeno): animais que receberam solução de 2 mM de dinitrato de isossorbida a via intragástrica por gavagem e cetoprofeno via endovenosa. Esses grupos foram, posteriormente, submetidos a exames macroscópico, microscópico e bioquímico, avaliando-se os seguintes parâmetros: a) determinação do índice de lesão gástrica; b) determinação da espessura da camada do muco secretor; c) determinação da concentração de ácido nítrico x tecidual, e d) determinação da concentração do malondialdeído tecidual. RESULTADOS: Encontrou-se menor índice de lesão gástrica nos animais do grupo III (nitrato), assim como maior espessura da camada do muco secretor nos animais deste grupo, do que nos animais do grupo II (cetoprofeno). A variação da concentração do ácido nítrico x tecidual foi semelhante nos três grupos. A taxa...


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/toxicity , Gastric Mucosa/drug effects , Isosorbide Dinitrate/therapeutic use , Ketoprofen/toxicity , Nitric Oxide Donors/therapeutic use , Stomach Ulcer/prevention & control , Disease Models, Animal , Gastric Mucosa/pathology , Isosorbide Dinitrate/pharmacology , Malondialdehyde/analogs & derivatives , Nitric Oxide Donors/pharmacology , Rats, Wistar , Statistics, Nonparametric , Stomach Ulcer/chemically induced , Stomach Ulcer/pathology
4.
Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam ; 32(4): 457-69, dic. 1998. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-236523

ABSTRACT

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo describir las características farmacocinéticas, metabólicas y toxicológicas de los ácidos asimétricos aril-2-propiónicos y mostrar la importante variabilidad inter-especies existentes. Además se explican las derivaciones metabólicas del proceso de inversión quiral (camino metabólico de crucial importancia para estos compuestos) y las consecuencias toxicológicas relacionadas con su naturaleza quiral


Subject(s)
Humans , Propionates/chemistry , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/toxicity , Fenoprofen/toxicity , Ketoprofen/toxicity , Molecular Conformation , Serum Albumin , Fenoprofen/metabolism , Fenoprofen/pharmacology , Ketoprofen/metabolism , Ketoprofen/pharmacology , Oxygenases/pharmacology , Prostaglandins/biosynthesis
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