Using urinary neutrophile gelatinase-associated lipocalin for prognosticate renal dysfunction in children with familial Mediterranean fever the study design: a pilot study

Abstract Background: The most important finding that affects the prognosis in Familial Mediterranean Fever is renal amyloidosis. The aim of the present study was to analyze neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels in the urine, and to investigate whether it may be used as an early marker for renal involvement. Methods: Forty attack-free children followed by diagnosis of Familial Mediterranean Fever with age range of 5 and 18 years, and 38 healthy children with similar ages and genders were enrolled into the study. Hemogram, sedimentation, C-reactive protein, urine analysis, creatinine in the spot urine, microalbumin and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels were analyzed and evaluated statistically in the patients and controls. Results: There was not any statistically significant difference between the patient and control groups for age, gender, height and body weight. Although there was not any clinical sign of attack in the patient group, sedimentation, C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels were significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.002, p = 0.023, and p = 0.006, respectively). Similarly, urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin level and urinary creatinine ratio were significantly higher in the patient group (p = 0.0001, p = 0.011, respectively). We found a positive correlation between uNGAL level and uNGAL/uCr ratio and number of attacks per year in FMF patients (r =0.743, p =0.001 and r =0.516, p =0.001; respectively). Conclusions: Detection of significantly higher levels of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin level and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin level to creatinine ratio were suggested as urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin level as a non-invasive marker for renal involvement better than microalbumin.

Proteinuria en habitantes de una aldea costera de Santa Rosa, Guatemala / Proteinuria in inhabitants of a coastal village of Santa Rosa, Guatemala

Objetivo: determinar la presencia de proteinuria en habitantes de una aldea de la región costera de Santa Rosa, Guatemala, julio del año 2019. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo y transversal, en una muestra de 575 habitantes de la aldea Casas Viejas, captada por durante cuatro jornadas médicas. Las muestras de orina fueron analizadas con tiras reactivas. Resultados: de los habitantes que participaron, 55.48 % (319) fueron de sexo femenino, la mediana de edad fue de 24 años, el 39.820% (229) estudiante y el 85.2 % (490) sin antecedentes patológicos. De los factores predisponentes de enfermedad renal, el 56.170% (323) consume antiinflamatorios no esteroideo -AINES-, el 82.26 % (473) bebidas carbonatadas, el 13.570% (78) bebidas alcohólicas; la mediana de consumo de agua fue de 6 vasos diarios y 13.22 % (76) han estado expuestos a agroquímicos. Proteinuria se documentó en 8.87 % (51) de los habitantes. Conclusiones: más de la mitad de los sujeto de estudio son de sexo femenino y sin antecedentes patológicos; de los factores predisponentes a enfermedad renal los más frecuentes son el consumo de -AINES-, bebidas carbonatadas y la hidratación inadecuada. Nueve de cada cien sujetos de estudio presentan proteinuria.

Objetive: to establish urine protein presence in inhabitants of a small village of the coastal region in Santa Rosa, Guatemala. July 2019. Material y methods: Descriptive and transversal study performed on 575 persons from Casas Viejas village, using a nonprobabilistic sampling. Proteinuria was determined by urine test strips. Results: Of the persons studied, 55.48% (319) were female, mean age was 24 years old, 39.82% (229) were students and 85.25% had no pathological background. Predisposing factors of kidney disease were noted, 56.17% (323) consumed Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), 82.26% (473) consumed carbonated drinks, 13.57% (78) alcoholic beverages, the mean water consumption was 6 glasses per day, and 13.22% (76), were exposed to agrochemical pesticides. Proteinuria was found in 8.87% (51) of the sample. Conclutions: more than half of population were female and didn´t showed pathological signs. Predisposing factors to kidney disease were, frequent NSAIDs use, carbonated drinks consumption a no adequate hydration. Nine of each one hundred people studied presented urine protein.

El análisis de orina como herramienta diagnóstica en casos de malaria grave / Urinalysis as a diagnostic tool in severe malaria

Resumen La malaria produce complicaciones y muerte especialmente en poblaciones con acceso limitado a la atención en salud. La malaria grave puede reconocerse tempranamente mediante la detección en la orina de hallazgos como la hematuria, la coluria y la proteinuria. Se hizo una revisión narrativa basada en estudios sobre malaria grave y el empleo del análisis de orina mediante la consulta de 91 publicaciones. Mediante el análisis de la orina, se pueden detectar alteraciones metabólicas y lesiones en distintos órganos. En estudios recientes en Colombia se ha confirmado su utilidad como apoyo en el diagnóstico de la disfunción renal, la disfunción hepática y la anemia asociada con hemólisis, las cuales son complicaciones frecuentes en la malaria. El examen constituye una herramienta de fácil aplicación en la consulta ambulatoria y en pacientes hospitalizados para reconocer tempranamente casos complicados, y permite la detección oportuna de diferentes lesiones en el paciente con malaria, contribuyendo así a la reducción de la morbilidad grave y la mortalidad.

Abstract Malaria accounts for a significant morbidity and mortality rate around the world, especially in communities with limited access to healthcare. Some clinical signs in urine, like haematuria, coluria and proteinuria, help for the early diagnosis of severe malaria cases. A narrative review was conducted by analyzing 91 publications on studies about severe malaria cases and the use of urinalysis. A urinalysis can detect metabolic disturbances and organ injury. Its diagnostic utility for frequent complications caused by malaria, such as hepatic injury, kidney dysfunction and hemolysis, has been confirmed by recent Colombian studies. This test is an easy-to-use tool in outpatient clinics and with hospitalized patients to promptly recognize complicated cases, allowing the timely identification of different lesions in patients with malaria, thus contributing to the reduction of severe morbidity and mortality.

Isolated Proteinuria in Hepatitis A Versus E Virus (HAV vs HEV) Infected Patients: A Hospital Based Observational Study.

Introduction: Viral hepatitis, either acute or chronic, may lead to nephropathies as one of its multiple extrahepatic complications which often remain clinically silent for a long period and are overlooked. Proteinuria can be a useful tool for early detection of the underlying renal impairment. This study was undertaken to detect the presence of proteinuria and to assess and compare the level of proteinuria in HAV and HEV- infected cases; the two most common causes of acute hepatitis in Bangladesh. Method: For this 100 diagnosed patients of HAV & HEV (50 each) hepatitis were screened for isolated proteinuria in a random spot urine sample during their 3rd to 4th post-ecteric follow ups. Result: 43% HAV and 45% HEV patients had high spot urinary protein with maximum incidence (54 %) occurring in 3rd decades of life. The pattern of isolated proteinuria was significantly different in HAV vs HEV cases. The mean ± SD value of spot urinary protein of HEV females was significantly higher than that of HAV where highest rate (64%) of mild proteinuria was observed in HAV and maximum number (46%) of moderate proteinuria in HEV patients. Conclusion: Spot urinary protein concentration should be checked quantitatively in every HEV as well as HAV- hepatitis patient even when clinically improved.

Effectiveness of routine urine analysis of patient attending rural health centers in Abbottabad

Renal diseases may be discovered accidentally during routine urinalysis. This study was done to see the significance of urinalysis and study the magnitude of abnormal urinalysis in patients with no symptoms of renal disease. From 15th February to 16th March 2005, a total of 1000 samples of urine were collected from the patients attending three rural health centers of Abbottabad. Dipstick Method was used for urinalysis. there were 600 males and 400 female patients. The age ranged from 1 to 55 years. Proteinuria was present in 2.3%, hematuria in 4.8% patients, pyuria in 10.2% and glycosuria in 2% patients. In our setup routine urine analysis should be performed in all patients to identify the presence of unrecognized renal diseases which may benefit from simple therapeutic measures

Relación proteinuria-creatininuria en una muestra de orina aislada, un nuevo parámetro para el seguimiento del paciente proteinúrico / Proteinuric-creatininuric ratio in single urine sample, new parameter for proteinuric patient follow up

Para el diagnóstico de las enfermedades renales con compromiso glomerular, se utiliza tradicionalmente el dosaje de proteínas en muestras de orina de 24 horas. En general, este tipo de muestras está sujeta a errores de recolección que influyen en los resultados. En este trabajo se evaluó la correlación del índice proteinuria-creatininuria en una muestra aislada de orina (prot/creat) aislada con la excreción diaria de proteinuria. Para ello se evaluaron 133 individuos adultos, de los cuales 21 eran normales, 65 abarcaban una amplia gama de patología renal, y el resto se excluyó por mala recolección de la muestra. Se encontró una buena correlación lineal (r:0,958) entre el contenido de la proteinuria de 24 horas y el índice (prot/creat) aislada y una mejor correlación (r:0,972) se halló entre el índice (prot/creat) de 24 horas y el índice (prot/cret) aislada. Se concluye que la determinación del índice (prot/cret) aislada es un parámetro fiable para evaluar la excreción de proteínas en orina de 24 horas y puede usarse para realizar el seguimiento del paciente proteinúrico. Se calcularon valores de corte para el índice (prot/cret) aislada de los diferentes grupos de pacientes, un valor menor de 0,145 es indicativo de normalidad, un valor mayor de 1,82 caracteriza al rango nefrótico y valores intermedios (entre 0,145 y 1,82) reflejan algún tipo de enfermedad renal

Effect of posture and physical activity on urinary protein excretion by patients with glomerular proteinuria diseases

The rate of urinary protein excretion (Uprot.V) was evaluated in 20 patients with massive proteinuria caused by various histopathological types of glomerular disease. Measurements were made during five consecutive periods: period A (overnight bed res) and periods B, C, D and E corresponding to normal everyday upright physical activity. Mean Uprot.V was significantly lower during period A (8.2 + or - 1.3 mg/min, mean + or - SEM) than during all the periods of physical activity (11.8 + or - 1.8 mg/min). For 5/20 patients, physical activity induced a mean percent increase of 340 + or - 200% and for 11 an increase of 51 + or - 7% was observed. Only in 4 patients was the rate of urinary protein excretion unaffected or decreased on the average by -20 + or - 9% during physical activity

El sedimento urinario en la nefropatía lúpica / Urinary sediment in lupus nephropathy

Se estudiaron 24 pacientes que cumplian los criterios preliminares de la Asociación Americana de Reumatología para LES y cuyas biopsias mostraron alteraciones compatibles con nefropatía lúpica. Todos ellos tenían al menos un sedimento urinario visto por un nefrólogo, estudio de la función renal valorada por depuración de creatinina, urea y creatinina sérica y proteinuria de 24 hora. Se concluye que el sedimento urinario realizado por el personal entrenado, puede ser de utilidad para predecir el grado de alteración histológica presente en la nefropatía lúpica