Research on knee sports injury classification based on medical images and kwon3d software / Pesquisa sobre classificação de lesões esportivas no joelho com base em imagens médicas e software kwon3d / Investigación sobre clasificación de lesiones deportivas de rodilla basada en imágenes médicas y software kwon3d

ABSTRACT Introduction: The integrity of articular cartilage determines the functional state of the joint. In recent years, the development of MRI sequences of various articular cartilage has become the focus of many research topics. Objective: The accuracy of diagnosis of knee cartilage injury caused by motion injury was studied retrospectively by meta-three-dimensional software. Methods: Forty-six knee joints of 45 patients with sports injuries, multi-sequence MRI was performed before surgery, including conventional knee MRI (SET1WI, FSEPD/T2WI), 3D SPGR, and 3D FIESTA sequences. Results: According to the operation results, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 3D SPGR combined with conventional MRI sequence evaluation of cartilage damage are the highest, 73%, 98%, 95%, and 90%. Conclusions: 3D SPGR combined with conventional MRI sequences can improve accurate evaluation and diagnosis of cartilage disease over a reasonable scan time. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: A integridade da cartilagem articular determina o estado funcional da articulação. Nos últimos anos, o desenvolvimento de sequências de ressonância magnética de várias cartilagens articulares se tornou o foco de muitos tópicos de pesquisa. Objetivo: A precisão do diagnóstico de lesão da cartilagem do joelho causada por lesão de movimento foi estudada retrospectivamente por software meta-tridimensional. Métodos: Quarenta e seis articulações de joelho de 45 pacientes com lesões esportivas, várias sequências de ressonância magnética foram realizadas antes da cirurgia, incluindo ressonância magnética de joelho convencional (SET1WI, FSEPD / T2WI), 3D SPGR e sequências 3D FIESTA. Resultados: De acordo com os resultados da operação, a sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e valor preditivo negativo de 3D SPGR combinado com avaliação de sequência de ressonância magnética convencional de danos na cartilagem são os mais altos, 73%, 98%, 95% e 90%. Conclusões: 3D SPGR combinado com sequências convencionais de ressonância magnética pode melhorar a avaliação precisa e diagnóstico de doença da cartilagem em um tempo de varredura razoável. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos- investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La integridad del cartílago articular determina el estado funcional de la articulación. En los últimos años, el desarrollo de secuencias de resonancia magnética de varios cartílagos articulares se ha convertido en el foco de muchos temas de investigación. Objetivo: La precisión del diagnóstico de la lesión del cartílago de la rodilla causada por una lesión por movimiento se estudió retrospectivamente mediante un software meta-tridimensional. Métodos: Cuarenta y seis articulaciones de rodilla de 45 pacientes con lesiones deportivas, se realizó una resonancia magnética de secuencia múltiple antes de la cirugía, incluida la resonancia magnética de rodilla convencional (SET1WI, FSEPD/T2WI), secuencias 3D SPGR y 3D FIESTA. Resultados: De acuerdo con los resultados de la operación, la sensibilidad, la especificidad, el valor predictivo positivo y el valor predictivo negativo de 3D SPGR combinados con la evaluación de la secuencia de resonancia magnética convencional del daño del cartílago son los más altos, 73%, 98%, 95% y 90%. Conclusiones: 3D SPGR combinado con secuencias de resonancia magnética convencionales puede mejorar la evaluación y el diagnóstico precisos de la enfermedad del cartílago en un tiempo de exploración razonable. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos- investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Fractura osteocondral traumática de rodilla en edad pediátrica: reporte de un caso / Traumatic osteochondral knee fracture in pediatric age: report of a case / Fratura osteocondral traumática do joelho em idade pediátrica: relato de um caso

Las fracturas osteocondrales (FOC) traumáticas de rodilla en la edad pediátrica, son lesiones que acompañan hasta un 30% de las luxaciones agudas de rótula (LAR). Si no se mantiene una elevada sospecha clínica, es frecuente su retraso diagnóstico, pudiendo generar potenciales complicaciones. A propósito, presentamos el caso de una paciente de 12 años con una FOC post LAR que pasó inadvertida en la primera consulta, requiriendo la fijación del fragmento osteocondral con tornillos HCS a los 5 meses, logrando un excelente resultado funcional a los 54 meses de seguimiento.

Traumatic osteochondral fractures (OCF) of the knee in pediatric age are injuries that accompany up to 30% of acute patellar dislocations (APD). If high clinical suspicion is not maintained, its diagnostic delay is frequent, and may generate potential complications. Incidentally, we present the case of a 12-year-old patient with a post-APD OCF that went unnoticed in the first consultation, requiring fixation of the osteochondral fragment with HCS screws at 5 months. Achieving an excellent functional result at 54 months follow-up.

As fraturas osteocondrais traumáticas (FOC) do joelho em idade pediátrica são lesões que acompanham até 30% das luxações agudas da patela (LAP). Se uma alta suspeita clínica não for mantida, seu atraso no diagnóstico é frequente e pode gerar complicações potenciais. A propósito, apresentamos o caso de um paciente de 12 anos com FOC pós-LAP que passou despercebido na primeira consulta, exigindo fixação do fragmento osteocondral com parafusos HCS em 5 meses. Obtendo um excelente resultado funcional aos 54 de acompanhamento.

Correlación entre hallazgos clínicos, de resonancia magnética y artroscópicos en el diagnóstico de rupturas meniscales / Relationship between clinical, MRI, and arthroscopic findings in meniscal tears

Objetivo: Evaluar y comparar la sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo, valor predictivo negativo y exactitud global de la exploración física y la resonancia magnética en el diagnóstico de rupturas meniscales, considerando los hallazgos artroscópicos como estándar de oro.Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo prueba diagnóstica comparando la exploración física por un especialista y los hallazgos de resonancia magnética para el diagnóstico de lesiones meniscales en 140 pacientes, tomando como estándar de oro la artroscopia diagnóstica.Resultados: La exploración física tuvo una mayor especificidad que la resonancia magnética, con diferencia entre exploración física y resonancia magnética de 87.5% vs 42.4% y de 82.2% vs 33.3% en pruebas diagnósticas para menisco lateral y medial, respectivamente. Así mismo, se encontró una exactitud global mayor, con 82.2% vs. 63.3% para menisco lateral y 84.4% vs. 70% para menisco medial.Conclusión: La resonancia magnética en la presencia de una sospecha clínica alta de lesión de menisco es, en algunos casos, innecesaria para el diagnóstico de lesiones de menisco, y se debe reservar para ocasiones en las que los hallazgos clínicos no son concluyentes.Tipo de estudio: Prueba diagnóstica. Nivel de evidencia: II

Introduction: The aim of this study is to compare the accuracy of clinical examination and MRI in diagnosing meniscal tears, with diagnostic arthroscopy as the gold standard.Material and methods: In this study, designed as a diagnostic test, 140 patients underwent clinical examination by a specialist followed by MRI, and the results were compared to the presence or absence of meniscal tears during diagnostic arthroscopy.Results: The accuracy of clinical examination was 82.2% for lateral meniscal tears and 84.4% for medial meniscal tears. The accuracy of MRI was 63.3% for lateral meniscal tears and 70% for medial meniscal tears.Conclusion: MRI can, in some cases, be unnecessary when there is a positive clinical examination for meniscal tears and should be reserved for cases when clinical examination is not conclusive. Study type: Diagnostic test. Level of evidence: II

El pedido de resonancia magnética de rodilla: ¿puede ser reducido por especialistas? / The order of knee magnetic resonance: can it be reduced by specialists?

Introducción: El dolor de rodilla es una de las consultas más comunes en el consultorio traumatológico. Es comúnencontrarnos con pacientes que llegan a la consulta con una Resonancia Magnetica Nuclear (RMN) diciendo que tienenun menisco roto y buscando un turno en el quirófano. La mayoría de estos pacientes son factibles de tratamientoortopédico y es suficiente realizar maniobras semiologicas correctas para determinarlo. A pesar de ello hay un númerocreciente de solicitud de RMN de rodilla por miembros del equipo de salud. La hipótesis de este trabajo postula quelas RMN solicitadas por los especialistas en ortopedia y traumatología ofrecen resultados positivos tanto para los diagnósticos como para los planes de tratamiento.Objetivos: El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar la utilidad en el diagnóstico y en la definición terapéutica de las RMNde rodillas solicitadas por especialistas médicos...

Introduction: Knee pain is one of the most common complications in the trauma clinic. It is common to find patients whocome to the office with a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MRI) who have a broken meniscus and who are looking for a lathe inthe operating room. The majority of these patients are feasible for orthopedic treatment and it is sufficient to perform correct semiological maneuvers to determine it. Although there is a growing demand for knee MRI by members of the health team.The hypothesis of this work postulates that the NMR requested by the specialists in orthopedics and traumatology offerpositive results both for the diagnoses and for the treatment plans.Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare the usefulness in diagnosis and in the therapeutic definition of knee MRIs requested by medical specialists...

Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction for Recurrent Patellar Instability Using a Gracilis Autograft without Bone Tunnel

BACKGROUND: Several tendon graft and fixation methods have been introduced in medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction for recurrent patellar dislocation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of MPFL reconstruction using a gracilis autograft fixation without bone tunnel in patients with recurrent patellar instability. METHODS: Nine patients (four males and five females) diagnosed with recurrent patellar instability from July 2009 to January 2013 and had MPFL reconstruction using a gracilis autograft were included. The average age of the patients was 24.6 years (range, 13 to 48 years), and the average follow-up period was 19.3 months (range, 12 to 30 months). For every patient, femoral attachment was fixed using suture anchors securing the patella by suturing the periosteum and surrounding soft tissue. Clinical evaluation included the Kujala, Lysholm, and Tegner scores; in addition, patients were examined for any complication including recurrent dislocation. The congruence angle and patella alta were assessed radiologically before and after surgery. RESULTS: The Kujala score improved from an average of 42.7 ± 8.4 before surgery to 79.6 ± 13.6 (p = 0.008) at final follow-up; the Lysholm score improved from 45.8 ± 5.7 to 82.0 ± 10.5 (p = 0.008); and the Tegner score improved from 2.8 ± 0.8 to 5.6 ± 1.5 (p = 0.007). The Insall-Salvati ratio changed from 1.16 ± 0.1 (range, 0.94 to 1.35) before surgery to 1.14 ± 0.1 (range, 0.96 to 1.29; p = 0.233) at the final follow-up without significance. The congruence angle significantly improved from 26.5°± 10.6° (range, 12° to 43°) before surgery to -4.0°± 4.3° (range, -12° to 5°; p = 0.008) at final follow-up. Subluxation was observed in one patient and hemarthrosis occurred in another patient 2 years after surgery, but these patients were asymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS: We achieved good results with a patellar fixation technique in MPFL reconstruction using a gracilis autograft employing soft tissue suturing in patients with recurrent patellar dislocation.

Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in meniscal injuries of knee joint and its role in selection of patients for arthroscopy

Magnetic Resonance Imaging [MRI] is frequently advised to evaluate clinically suspected cases of meniscal injuries in our setup. The objective was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of MRI in meniscal injuries of knee joint and its effectiveness in selection of patients for arthroscopy. A Cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at Radiology Department Military Hospital [MH] Rawalpindi in collaboration with Orthopaedic Department Combined Military Hospital [CMH] Rawalpindi from 31 Jan 2007 to 1 Aug 2007. Fifty-seven patients with clinical suspicion of meniscal injuries were subjected to MRI. Arthroscopy was done only in 34 patients while 23 were excluded on the basis of MRI findings. MRI findings were compared with arthroscopic findings. Medial and lateral menisci were considered separately in each case. Among 57 patients only 30 showed significant tear on MRI. Arthroscopy was done in these cases. Arthroscopy was considered on clinical grounds only in 4 patients who did not show significant tear on MRI. MRI showed Medial Meniscus [MM] injury in 23 patients and Lateral Meniscus [LM] injury in 10 patients. Arthroscopy confirmed MM injury in 17 patients and LM injury in 7 patients. MRI missed two MM and one LM injuries. This showed that MRI has sensitivity of 89.4% and specificity of 62% in diagnosing injuries of MM, while sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 88% in diagnosing injuries of LM. Diagnostic accuracy of MRI in MM and LM injuries was 76.4% and 88.2% respectively. MRI is accurate in diagnosing meniscal injuries of knee joint and is effective in selection of patients for arthroscopy

Imaging manifestation and medicolegal significance of bipartite patella / 法医学杂志

Bipartite patella is uncommon in clinical medicine. It is formed by two or more ossification centers It is repeatedly misdiagnosed as patellar fracture in clinical practice. which do not fused in adolescence. In order to elevate the recognition of imaging signs of bipartite patella and to avoid the fault in medicolegal expertise testimony, three cases of bipartite patella were analyzed in combination of literature review, and the possible causes, histological changes, imaging signs, and clinical manifestation of bipartite patella were also discussed. The three cases concerned were all adults, two male and one female. They all felt pain after knee joint injury and were diagnosed as patellar fracture in medical institutions. Two cases were appraised on the degree of injury and one was on the degree of disability. According to Saupe's grouping, two cases were group III, and one was group II and III. In the practice of medicolegal expertise testimony, recognizing imaging signs of bipartite patella could provide more rigorous and objective conclusion.

High resolution sonography for analysis of meniscal injuries.

High resolution ultrasonography was done prospectively in 51 adult patients with clinically suspected meniscal injuries to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography as a primary diagnostic tool and to see if it was possible to evaluate the site, extent and size of the tear. All cases were confirmed arthroscopically; ultrasonographic examination revealed inhomogenecity in 45 cases and this was accurate in 40 cases; in 3 cases ultrasonography gave a false positive result and in 2 cases the wrong meniscus was shown to be torn. The six cases with no findings on ultrasonography were proven to have no meniscal tear. The sensitivity of ultrasonography as a screening test to rule out meniscal injuries was thus 100%; on the other hand the specificity (false positive screening test) was 54%. It was no possible to determine the site, size or extent of the tear by the ultrasonographic examination. Even though magnetic resonance imaging is more accurate in giving an exact diagnosis, ultrasonography is an excellent primary diagnostic tool which is inexpensive with no side-effects, is readily available and has very good sensitivity and a reasonable specificity.

Image analysis of avulsion fracture, permanent osteoepiphyte, sesamoid and accessory bones / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate a method to distinguish avulsion fracture from sesamoid, accessory bone, and permanent osteoepiphyte.@*METHODS@#Fourteen cases of suspicious avulsion fractures of articular portion of tubular bones were reviewed. Direct/indirect signs and the injury mechanism of avulsion fractures were analyzed and compared with permanent osteoepiphyte, sesamoid and accessory bones for their morphological characteristics.@*RESULTS@#There are two cases of permanent osteoepiphytes, three cases of sesamoids, and three cases of accessory bones. These cases were characterized by smooth edges, contiguous bony cortex, without swelling of the surrounding soft tissue or obvious image changes after consecutive radiography.@*CONCLUSION@#It is fundamental in image analysis to distinguish avulsion fracture from physiological small osteoepiphyte, sesamoid bone, and aberrant accessory bone.

Discoid medical meniscus varied presentation of 3 knees

Discoid medial meniscus is a rarity. We present 2 cases, one with bilateral discoid medial menisci, and the other with both medial and lateral discoid menisci in the same knee. The radiological, MRI and arthroscopic findings in these knees and their association with various synovial plicae have been described. Both patients had good results after arthroscopic subtotal meniscectomy

Transphyseal Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Using Hamstring Autograft in Skeletally Immature Adolescents

Eleven skeletally immature adolescents underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a transphyseal tibial and femoral tunnel. An autologous quadrupled hamstring tendon was used in all cases and the average follow-up was 77.7 months. Clinical results were evaluated using Lysholm knee scores and a return to pre-injury sports activities. Radiological results were evaluated using side-to-side differences of instrumented laxities and growth disturbances compared with the uninjured side on final follow-up orthoroentgenograms. The mean Lysholm score was 97.8 (range 94-100) and mean side-to-side laxity difference was 2.4 mm (range 1-4). Ten of 11 patients returned to pre-injury sports activity. No patient had a leg length discrepancy of over 1 cm or a significant abnormal angular deformity of the knee joint. Therefore, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the transphyseal tunnel and hamstring autograft in skeletally immature adolescents is believed to be a reliable treatment method, which is not associated with significant leg length discrepancy or abnormal angular deformity of the knee joint.

Comparison between arthroscopy and 3 dimensional double echo steady state [3D-DESS] sequences in magnetic resonance imaging of internal derangements of the knee

This study was performed with the aim of evaluating the usefulness of 3 dimensional double-echo steady state sequences in examining the internal derangements of the knee. Arthroscopy was used as a referral standard. The study was performed in the Radiology and Arthroscopy Departments of King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom, during a 6-month period from January 1997 to June 1997. All patients who had knee magnetic resonance imaging within 3 months of arthroscopy were retrospectively studied. Thirty-three patients fulfilled these criteria and were selected. Three dimensional double-echo steady state sequences produced sensitivity for detecting meniscal tears of 87.5% for medial menisci [MM] and 75% for lateral menisci [LM]. Specificity was 76% for MM and 96% for LM; positive predictive value [PPV] was 46.1% for MM and 85.7% for LM and negative predictive value [NPV] of 95% for MM and 96% for LM. The sensitivity for the anterior cruciate ligament was 83.3%, specificity was 77.7%, PPV was 45.4% and NPV was 95.4%. Three dimensional double-echo steady state sequences are useful in evaluating internal derangement of the knee, especially in advanced cartilage lesions

Anthrographie opaque dans les derangements internes du genou (a propos de 200 cas)

A partir d'une etude prospective portant sur 7 ans; 2000 cas de derangements internes du genou ont ete analyses. Les lesions sont frequentes chez les sujets jeunes de sexe masculin (87 pour cent) avec pour cause essentielle les traumatismes surtout lors de la pratique du football. Les resultats arthrographiques revelent l'atteinte frequente des menisques surtout avec une predominance des fissurations