ABSTRACT
Abstract During the first half of the twentieth century, Western psychiatry was quickly absorbed in Japan, particularly the versions from Germany and Austria. By 1940, over 130 psychiatric hospitals were caring for approximately thirty thousand patients in cities, while in rural areas about sixty thousand people still depended on family members for care. Japan's empire expanded during this same period, and many immigrants came to the country. Growth in immigration from Korea was particularly important. Korean immigrants encountered Japanese psychiatric hospitals during the second quarter of the twentieth century, and this paper examines the complex nature of their hospital stays.
Resumo Ao longo da primeira metade do século XX, a psiquiatria ocidental foi rapidamente absorvida no Japão, particularmente as versões advindas da Alemanha e da Áustria. Em 1940, mais de 130 hospitais psiquiátricos cuidavam de cerca de trinta mil pacientes nas cidades, enquanto nas áreas rurais cerca de sessenta mil pessoas ainda dependiam dos cuidados de familiares. No mesmo período, o império japonês expandiu-se, e muitos imigrantes vieram para o país. Particularmente importante foi o crescimento da imigração coreana. Hospitais psiquiátricos japoneses e imigrantes coreanos se encontraram no segundo quartel do século XX. O artigo examina a complexidade dessas estadas hospitalares.
Subject(s)
Psychiatry/history , Emigrants and Immigrants , Hospitals, Psychiatric , History, 20th Century , Japan , KoreaABSTRACT
SUMMARY: Metopic suture can be visualized from the nasion to the bregma along the arch of the frontal bone in mid-sagittal plane. Persistent metopic suture normally closing between 1st and 2nd year of life has also been related with ethnicity. The present study reports the presence of complete and incomplete metopic sutures in Nepalese and Korean population skulls which helps to shed light on its incidence rate. Out of 121 adult skulls in Nepalese population, metopic suture was found to be present in 33 skulls. Incomplete metopic sutures showed variations of morphology, like linear (6.61 %), V-shaped (8.26 %) and double incomplete (10.74 %) and two cases with complete metopic suture, which showed variation in interdigitation between its anterior and posterior ends. Korean population showed metopic suture to be present in 8 skulls out of 104 with metopism in 3 skulls. Incomplete metopic sutures like double incomplete (1.92 %) and linear (2.88 %) were also noted. Alterations to local strains could be the contributing factor for such variation and complexity of interdigitation, which occur during the growth of the braincase. The knowledge of the metopic suture and its variations according to ethnicity is important and should be considered to prevent wrong diagnosis. The presence of different types of metopic sutures as reported by the present study provides informative value on the presence and variation of such sutures in population depending on ethnicity and ought to be helpful in diagnostic sequences in emergency setting.
RESUMEN: La sutura metópica se puede visualizar desde nasión hasta el bregma a lo largo del arco del hueso frontal en el plano mediano sagital. La sutura metópica persistente que normalmente se cierra entre el primer y segundo año de vida, también se ha relacionado con el origen étnico. El presente estudio informa la presencia de suturas metópicas completas e incompletas en los cráneos de la población nepalesa y coreana, lo que además de entregar información sobre su tasa de incidencia. De 121 cráneos adultos en la población nepalesa, en 33 de ellos se encontró la sutura metópica. Las suturas metópicas incompletas mostraron variaciones de la morfología, como lineal (6,61 %), en forma de V (8,26 %) y doble incompleta (10,74 %), además de dos casos con sutura metópica completa, que mostraron variación en la interdigitación entre sus extremos anterior y posterior. De los 104 cráneos de la población coreana en 8 se presentó la sutura metópica y en 3 metopismo. También se observaron suturas metópicas incompletas como doble incompleta (1,92 %) y lineal (2,88 %). Las alteraciones en las etnias locales podrían ser el factor contribuyente para tal variación y complejidad de la interdigitación, que ocurre durante el crecimiento de la cráneo. El conocimiento de la sutura metópica y sus variaciones según el origen étnico es importante y debe considerarse para prevenir un diagnóstico incorrecto. La presencia de diferentes tipos de suturas metópicas según lo informado en el estudio, proporciona un valor informativo sobre la presencia y la variación de tales suturas en la población, dependiendo de la etnia, y debería ser útil en las secuencias de diagnóstico en situaciones de emergencia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cranial Sutures/abnormalities , Prevalence , Frontal Bone/abnormalities , Korea/ethnology , Nepal/ethnologyABSTRACT
As various linezolid resistance mechanisms have been identified in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), we investigated the molecular characteristics of MRSA with elevated linezolid minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), using the VITEK 2 system (bioMérieux, Marcy-l'Étoile, France). Twenty-seven MRSA isolates from 14 patients exhibiting linezolid MICs ≥8 µg/mL were examined by broth microdilution (BMD) test as well as by sequencing for mutations in the 23S rRNA gene or ribosomal proteins (L3, L4, and L22) and the presence of the optrA, cfr, and cfr(B) genes. Of the 27 isolates, four (14.8%) from one patient were confirmed as linezolid resistant by BMD and harbored a 23S rRNA T2500A mutation. The remaining 23 were confirmed as linezolid susceptible, indicating that the linezolid-resistant results were major errors generated by VITEK 2. The most commonly detected mutation (19/27, 70.4%), L3 Gly152Asp, was detected in only linezolid-susceptible isolates. No isolates contained optrA, cfr, or cfr(B) or any L4 or L22 protein alterations. Our results show that the 23S rRNA T2500A mutation was mainly associated with linezolid resistance, while the L3 Gly152Asp mutation was not related to linezolid resistance. A confirmatory test is recommended for VITEK 2 linezolid-resistant results owing to the high probability of false resistant results.
Subject(s)
Humans , Genes, rRNA , Korea , Linezolid , Methicillin Resistance , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Ribosomal Proteins , RNA, Ribosomal, 23SABSTRACT
Subject(s)
Humans , Asian People , Australia , Canada , Caribbean Region , Developed Countries , Emigration and Immigration , European Union , Japan , Korea , Licensure , Nurses, International , Nursing , United StatesABSTRACT
@#<![CDATA[Mumps is contagious disease and maintaining immunity to mumps in healthcare worker (HCW) is important for preventing transmission in the hospital. We evaluated the seroprevalence of mumps in HCWs in a tertiary care hospital in Republic of Korea. A total of 6,055 HCWs born between 1950 and 1995 underwent antibody testing. The overall seropositivity rate of mumps was 87% (95% confidence interval, 86%–87%). Our data indicates that, in Korean HCWs, testing for mumps antibody followed by mumps vaccination is more appropriate than routine mumps vaccination without testing for mumps antibody.]]>
Subject(s)
Humans , Delivery of Health Care , Health Personnel , Korea , Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine , Mumps , Republic of Korea , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Tertiary Healthcare , VaccinationABSTRACT
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Biomarkers , Blood Pressure , Body Image , Body Mass Index , Calcium , Education , Food Labeling , Korea , Nutrition Assessment , Nutrition Surveys , Obesity , Thinness , Triglycerides , Waist Circumference , Weight LossABSTRACT
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Biopsy , Cough , Disinfectants , Dyspnea , Humidifiers , Intensive Care Units , Judgment , Korea , Lung Diseases , Lung Injury , Lung , Pathology , Pulmonary Medicine , Sputum , ThoraxABSTRACT
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Middle Aged , Academies and Institutes , Asbestos , Biopsy , Compensation and Redress , Diagnosis , Drinking , Drug Therapy , Endoscopy , Gastrectomy , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms , Korea , Occupational Exposure , Occupational Health , Oxygen , Power Plants , Rectal Neoplasms , Ships , Smoke , Smoking , Stomach NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dermatitis, Atopic , Diagnosis , Epidemiologic Studies , Health Surveys , Immune System , Information Services , Korea , Odds Ratio , Parks, Recreational , Rhinitis, AllergicABSTRACT
Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiovascular Diseases , Drug Costs , Fees and Charges , Firefighters , Health Expenditures , Hospitalization , International Classification of Diseases , Korea , Mental Disorders , Musculoskeletal Diseases , Myocardial Ischemia , National Health Programs , Occupational Groups , Outpatients , Police , Prevalence , Stomach NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Fetus , Firefighters , Follow-Up Studies , International Classification of Diseases , Korea , Parturition , Postpartum Period , Reproductive HealthABSTRACT
Subject(s)
Humans , Area Under Curve , Emergencies , Emergency Service, Hospital , Forests , Intensive Care Units , Korea , Learning , Logistic Models , Machine Learning , Nursing Assessment , Nursing , Retrospective Studies , TriageABSTRACT
Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Benchmarking , Dataset , Delivery of Health Care , Drug Prescriptions , Electronic Health Records , Electronic Prescribing , Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms , Hospitals, General , Korea , National Health Programs , Polypharmacy , Prescriptions , Primary Health Care , Quality of Health Care , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Body Mass Index , Cholesterol , Cholesterol, LDL , Dairy Products , Family Characteristics , Korea , Logistic Models , Prevalence , Primary Prevention , Prospective Studies , VegetablesABSTRACT
Subject(s)
Humans , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Diagnosis , Healthy Volunteers , Korea , Liver Diseases , Mass Screening , Methods , RecurrenceABSTRACT
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Young Adult , Anemia , Antibodies , Blood Transfusion , Erythrocytes , Intellectual Disability , Iron , Isoantibodies , Korea , Mass Screening , P Blood-Group System , Phenotype , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prevalence , Rehabilitation , Serologic TestsABSTRACT