effect of umbilical vein oxytocin injection on third stage of labor time and postpartum hemmorrhage

Postpartum hemorrhage is one of the most important complications of delivery and is among the first five causes of maternal mortality and morbidity in developed and developing countries. To investigate the effect of umbilical vein oxytocin injection on third stage of labor and degree of postpartum hemorrhage in primiparous women. This study was down on 100 primiparas which admitted to labor department, Afzalipour hospital of in 2003 and had no history of bleeding tendency. According primiparas, age and demographic data they divided into study and control groups. Blood count was down before delivery. In study group 20 IU oxytocin in 20ml normal saline were injected in umbilical vein immediately after cord clamped. In control group 20ml normal saline were injected in umbilical vein. Placental delivery time, weight and number of used gauzes during the third stage, blood count 4 hours after delivery, sex and weight of newborn were recorded. The data was analyzed using T-student and mann-whithney tests. No statically significant difference was found when patient age, gestational age, fundal height, newborn weight and sex, HCT, Hb and placental delivery time were compared in two groups. Postpartum bleeding study group was less than in control group [141.82 +/- 91.6ml vs. 177.51 +/- 84.9cc] with a statistically significant difference [p=0.046]. The difference number of used gauzes was also significant [8.68 +/- 3.12 vs. 10.82 +/- 3.5], statistically [p=0.002]. Oxytocin injection into umbilical vein is an effective procedure to reduce the postpartum hemorrhage but has no remarkable effect on placental delivery time.

Oxytocin and syntometrine in prevention of postpartum hemorrhage

To compare the effect and side-effects of intramuscular syntometrine and syntocinon in the management of the third stage of labor. Five hundred eighty-three women with a singleton pregnancy and normal vaginal delivery were randomly allocated to receive syntometrine [n=293] or oxytocin [n=290] at Queen Alia Military Hospital between 1° February 30th April 1997. The rate of postpartum hemorrhage and side effects of syntometrine and oxytocin in the two groups were statistically compared using chi-square test. No statistical significant difference was found between both groups, for postpartum hemorrhage at the end of 2nd and 3rd stage of labour. However, there were significant statistical differences in the incidence of side effects [Nausea, vomiting, hypertension] at the end of 2nd and 3rd stage of labor between both groups. Intramuscular Oxytocin is equally effective to intramuscular syntometrine in prevention of post-partum hemorrhage, but carried less side effects and complication in comparison to intramuscular syntometrine

Effect of umbilical vein oxytocin injection on the third stage of labor: a randomized controlled study.

To evaluate the effect of umbilical vein oxytocin injection on the duration of third stage of labor, and estimated blood loss within 24 hours postpartum, in 50 vaginal parturients at Rajavithi Hospital from March 1, 1994 and June 30, 1995. The parturients were randomized to administered either an umbilical vein injection of 20 units of oxytocin diluted to 20 ml with normal saline (oxytocin group) or only normal saline 20 ml (control group) immediately after cord clamping. There were 25 paturients in each group. The duration of the third stage of labor in the oxytocin group was significantly shorter than that in the control group. In only 1 case of the control group was manual placental removal performed. The estimated blood loss within 24 hours postpartum in both groups was not statistically different. Twenty units of umbilical vein oxytocin injection was effective to shorten the duration of the third stage of labor but were not effective to reduce the estimated blood loss within 24 hours postpartum. The need for a further large scale study in the future was suggested.

Influence of intraumbilical oxytocin on the third stage of labour.

In this study the effect of intraumbilical oxytocin on duration and amount of blood loss in third stage of labour was studied. Pregnant women were randomized into 2 groups of 50 each. Group I <study group> was managed actively with 10 units of oxytocin diluted in 20 ml saline given through umbilical vein immediately after cord claming and Group II <control group> managed traditionally with oxytocin infusion 10 units in 250 ml of dexrose saline at rate of 125 ml/hr given after delivery of baby. In the study group there was a statistically significant decrease in duration of third stage of labour <1.48 min vs 3.27 min>, fall in haemoglobin <1.2 g/dl vs 1.96 g/dl> and fall in haematocrit <3.88% Vs 7.20%<. It was concluded that intraumbilical oxytocin appears to be a useful, safe and practical method for active management of third stage.

Umbilical vein oxytocin administration in the management of the third stage of labor

The present study included a total of 90 normal pregnant females at labor selected from the obstetric department of Kasr Aini Hospital. These patients were divided into 3 groups, 30 patients for each group. In group "A", each patient received 20 units oxytocin diluted 20 ml of normal saline into the umbilical vein after cord clamping. Group "B" received intramuscular injection of 20 units oxytocin after cord clamping. Group "C" received injection of 20 ml of normal saline into the umbilical vein after cord clamping plus 20 units of oxytocin intramuscularly. All the patients in the 3 groups received another 20 post-partum by the intravenous drip method. The study revealed that the injection of oxytocin into the umbilical vein has a significant effect on shortening the duration of the third stage of labor and reducing the blood loss during it, although umbilical vein injection of saline shortens the third stage but added oxytocin has a more significant effect. However, saline injection alone does not affect the blood loss while umbilical vein injection of oxytocin significantly reduces the blood loss during the third stage. The use of the intraumbilical vein injection of oxytocin, immediately after clamping the cord, can be recommended as an effective and safe step in the management of the third stage of labor