Implementation of the world health organization regional office for africa stepwise laboratory quality improvement process towards accreditation

Background: The increase in disease burden has continued to weigh upon health systems in Africa. The role of the laboratory has become increasingly critical in the improvement of health for diagnosis; management and treatment of diseases. In response; the World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa (WHO AFRO) and its partners created the WHO AFRO Stepwise Laboratory (Quality) Improvement Process Towards Accreditation (SLIPTA) program.SLIPTA implementation process: WHO AFRO defined a governance structure with roles and responsibilities for six main stakeholders. Laboratories were evaluated by auditors trained and certified by the African Society for Laboratory Medicine. Laboratory performance was measured using the WHO AFRO SLIPTA scoring checklist and recognition certificates rated with 1-5 stars were issued. Preliminary results: By March 2015; 27 of the 47 (57%) WHO AFRO member states had appointed a SLIPTA focal point and 14 Ministers of Health had endorsed SLIPTA as the desired programme for continuous quality improvement. Ninety-eight auditors from 17 African countries; competent in the Portuguese (3); French (12) and eng (83) languages; were trained and certified. The mean score for the 159 laboratories audited between May 2013 and March 2015 was 69% (median 70%; SD 11.5; interquartile range 62-77). Of these audited laboratories; 70% achieved 55% compliance or higher (2 or more stars) and 1% scored at least 95% (5 stars). The lowest scoring sections of the WHO AFRO SLIPTA checklist were sections 6 (Internal Audit) and 10 (Corrective Action); which both had mean scores below 50%.Conclusion: The WHO AFRO SLIPTA is a process that countries with limited resources can adopt for effective implementation of quality management systems. Political commitment; ownership and investment in continuous quality improvement are integral components of the process

Doctors' Use of Laboratory Tests in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients

Abstract:The provincial health budgets in South Africa are under enormous pressure and; annually; budgets are exceeded by most hospitals and clinics. Laboratory tests requested by clinicians are contributing to the problem of over-expenditure. The aim of this study was to determine from patients' files whether doctors were using laboratory tests prudently during their treatment of patients in the outpatient department (OPD) of the National District Hospital in Bloemfontein. A descriptive study was carried out using all the files of patients who visited the OPD in a three-month period (1 July to 30 September 2005) for whom laboratory tests were requested by the attending physician. The majority (31.3) of patients for whom laboratory tests were requested presented to the OPD with cardiovascular complaints or diagnoses; followed by endocrine (27.8) and musculoskeletal (16.3) complaints or diagnoses. Between one and three tests were requested for most patients; i.e. 33 and 15; respectively. The most frequently requested tests were erythrocyte sedimentation rate (8.1); urea and electrolytes (7.7); urine microscopy; culture and sensitivity (6.4); cholesterol (6.1); full blood count (5.7) and thyroid profile (TSH 4.6; T4 2.6 and thyroid functions 2.3). In 70.4 of cases; results were documented and; in 59.1; the physician's management plans indicated the incorporation of laboratory test results into the patient's treatment regimen. Our findings indicated inappropriate documentation and application of test results. Interventions to improve physician behaviour include education; guidelines; feedback; leadership and redesign of requisition forms

quantitative buffy coat capillary tubes versus thin and thick blood films in the diagnosis of malaria in Saudi Arabia

The quantitative buffy coat [QBC] capillary tube was compared with both the thin and thick films in the diagnosis of malaria among 3 groups of hospitalized patients. Group 1 comprised subjects with no symptoms or signs, group 2 comprised patients with fever and rigors of unknown cause, and group 3 comprised treated malaria patients consulting the hospital for a follow up. The QBC test showed more sensitivity than the 2 conventional methods in the 3 groups as follows: In group 1 the QBC was positive in 14.2% compared with 9% only in either thin or thick blood films. In group 2 the positivity was 95.1% compared with 79.3% and 76.8% in the thin and thick blood films, respectively. In group 3 the sensitivity was 22.9% compared with only 5.7% in both the thin and thick blood films. It was found that the QBC technique in addition to its high sensitivity is very practical, reliable, simple and easy to perform. No doubt, the thin blood film is still the method of choice in species identification of malaria parasites

Response to a cluster of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 cases at a diagnostic laboratory

Introduction: We report on the first documented cluster of Coronavirus Disease 2019 cases amongst diagnostic laboratory staff and outline some of the initial and ongoing steps that are being implemented to manage and prevent the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in our laboratory.Case presentation: On 24 April 2020, three staff members of a tertiary diagnostic laboratory in Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Within seven days, a further nine cases were identified, which suggested an outbreak and prompted a full investigation.Management and outcome: A multifaceted strategic approach was adopted to halt the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in our laboratory. Interventions focused on simultaneously establishing appropriate risk mitigation and stratification strategies through the upscaling of infection prevention and control measures, whilst minimising disruption to service delivery. Conclusion: Laboratory Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreaks have the potential to cripple a laboratory's testing capacity. Contingency planning and risk assessments should occur early, and interventions should be modified according to each laboratory's available resources and infrastructure