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1.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 17(1): 105-111, Jan-Mar/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-742933

ABSTRACT

The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the vector of the dengue virus, an endemic arbovirus from tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The increasing resistance of mosquitoes to commercial insecticides impairs regular control programs; therefore, chemical prospecting originating from the Amazonian flora is promising for potential new insecticides. Several Piper species are, notably, rich in phenylpropanoids and terpenoids, substances with proven insecticidal activity. The composition and the larvicidal activity of three Piper species against A. aegypti were evaluated. Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation in a modified Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by GC/MS. The major components found in Piper arboreum were germacrene D (31.83%) and bicyclogermacrene (21.40%); in Piper marginatum: (E)-methyl isoeugenol (27.08%), (E)-anethole (23.98%) and (Z)-methyl isoeugenol (12.01%); and in Piper aduncum: (E)-isocroweacin (29.52%) and apiole (28.62%) and elemicin (7.82%). Essential oils from the Piperaceae species studied resulted in Lethal Concentrations (LC50) of 34-55 ppm, while LC90 was higher than 100 ppm, except for P. marginatum (85 ppm).


O mosquito Aedes aegypti é o vetor do vírus da dengue, um arbovírus endêmico em regiões tropicais e subtropicais do mundo. A crescente resistência dos mosquitos aos inseticidas comerciais prejudica programas regulares de controle, portanto, a prospecção química proveniente da flora amazônica surge como alternativa promissora para novos inseticidas. Várias espécies de Piper são notavelmente ricas em fenilpropanóides e terpenóides, substâncias com atividade inseticida comprovada. A composição e atividade larvicida de três espécies de Piper sobre A. aegypti foi avaliada. Os óleos essenciais foram extraídos por hidrodestilação em Clevenger modificado e analisado por GC/MS. Os principais componentes encontrados em Piper arboreum foram germacreno D (31,83%) e biciclogermacreno (21,40%); Piper marginatum: (E)-metilo de isoeugenol (27,08%), (E)-anetole (23,98%) e (Z)- methyl isoeugenol (12,01%), e Piper aduncum: (E)-Isocroweacin (29,52%), apiol (28,62%) e elemicin (7,82%). Os óleos essenciais a partir das espécies de Piperaceae estudadas resultou em concentrações letais (CL50), 34-55 ppm, enquanto que CL90 foi superior a 100 ppm, com excepção para P. marginatum (85 ppm).


Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/analysis , Aedes/classification , Piperaceae/anatomy & histology , Dengue/prevention & control , Larvicides/prevention & control , Vector Control of Diseases
2.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 65(1): 90-98, ene.-abr. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-665681

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la determinación de los sitios de cría de Aedes aegypti constituye un factor de importancia para la aplicación de estrategias de control. Objetivo: identificar los depósitos utilizados por Aedes aegypti durante el período de uso operacional del biolarvicida Bactivec en el municipio Mariel. Métodos: de mayo 2008-2009, durante el período operacional del biolarvicida Bactivec, se realizó la búsqueda de criaderos positivos al culícido en áreas urbanas y semiurbanas de los consejos populares Boca/Mojica/Henequén, Mariel, Sabana/Zayas, Quiebra Hacha y Cabañas. Se identificaron todos los recipientes positivos al vector en las áreas en las que fueron colectados, se determinó el porcentaje de participación de cada tipo de recipiente en relación con el total de muestras positivas. Resultados: se identificaron 35 tipos de depósitos utilizados como sitio de cría del culícido. Los recipientes no útiles eliminables representaron el 54,28 porciento, los de almacenamiento de agua 14,29 porciento y los útiles 11,43 porciento; la presencia del vector del dengue en criaderos naturales y aguas contaminadas fue de 8,57 porciento. Conclusiones: los depósitos no útiles resultaron los más utilizados por el culícido para la puesta, seguido por los de almacenamiento de agua, los cuales se trataron con el biolarvicida. Se destaca la presencia de Aedes aegypti en aguas contaminadas, que también fueron tratadas con Bactivec


Introduction: the detection of breeding sites of Aedes aegypti is an important factor for the implementation of control strategies. Objective: to identify the reservoirs where Aedes aegypti mosquito was observed during the period of operational use of Bactivec larvicide in Mariel municipality. Methods: during the period of operational use of Bactivec biolarvicide from May 2008 to 2009, breeding sites positive for this mosquito were searched for in urban and semiurban areas of the people's councils Boca/Mojica/Henequen, Mariel, Sabana/Zayas, Quiebra Hacha y Cabanas. All the positive reservoirs were identified in those areas where they were collected and the percentage of involvement of each type of reservoir with respect to the total amount of positive samples was estimated. Results: thirty five types of reservoirs used as the breeding site of the mosquito were identified. The useless disposable reservoirs accounted for 54.28 percent, water storage reservoirs for 14.29 and the useful ones for 11.43 percent. The presence of the dengue vector in natural breeding sites and in polluted waters reached 8.57 percent. Conclusions: the useless reservoirs turned to be the most used by the Culicidae for egg-laying, following by the water storage ones which were treated with biolarvicide. Aedes aegypti was heavily present in polluted waters, which were also treated with Bactivec


Subject(s)
Aedes/microbiology , Pest Control, Biological/methods , Larvicides/methods , Larvicides/prevention & control , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Data Interpretation, Statistical
3.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 15(3): 363-367, 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-684152

ABSTRACT

A busca por substitutos para os inseticidas sintéticos tem estimulado muitos trabalhos científicos contemplando inclusive a utilização de óleos, extratos, ou constituintes ativos provenientes de plantas. Esta procura pode ser justificada pelo potencial inseticida associado à fácil degradação de seus constituintes, menor toxicidade ao homem e uma alternativa mais segura para o meio ambiente. Após a coleta e aquecimento dos frutos de Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiaceae) a 40°C, obteve-se um líquido da castanha de caju (LCC) que, depois de testado quanto à sua atividade larvicida, foi fracionado em coluna de sílica gel dando origem a oito frações, as quais foram codificadas como AO1 a AO8 e submetidas a ensaios larvicidas. Avaliou-se também sua toxicidade oral aguda em Rattus norvegicus. O LCC e as frações AO2 e AO3 apresentaram atividade larvicida para Aedes aegypti. As concentrações letais, CL50 e CL90 do LCC foram, respectivamente, de 6,55 e 10,98 ppm. Para AO2 e AO3, as CL50 e CL90 foram de 3,18 e 7,80 ppm, e de 3,57 e 10,47 ppm, respectivamente. Não foi observada nenhuma toxicidade do LCC e das frações para R. norvegicus. O LCC e as frações foram administrados por via oral na dose de 2000 mg/kg. Esses produtos apresentaram potencial larvicida sobre Ae. aegypti e nenhum sinal de toxicidade foi evidenciado nos parâmetros analisados.


The search for substitutes for synthetic pesticides has been the subject of many scientific publications, including considering the use of oils, extracts and active constituents from plants. This demand can be justified by the insecticide potential associated with an easy degradation of its constituents, lower toxicity to humans and, consequently, a safer alternative for the environment. After collecting and heating the Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiaceae) fruits at 40°C, they were tested to confirm their larvicidal activity. Then, it was fractionated in a silica gel column. The fractionation resulted in eight fractions, which were coded as AO1 to AO8. In this paper, the cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) and its fractions were evaluated as to their biological activity in the third instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. The acute oral toxicity in Rattus norvegicus also was evaluated. CNSL and the AO2 and AO3 fractions presented larvicidal activity. The lethal concentrations, LC50 and LC90, of CNSL were, respectively, 6.55 and 10.98 ppm. The active fractions, AO2 and AO3, presented LC50 and LC90 of 3.18 and of 7.80 ppm, and 3.57 and 10.47 ppm, respectively. The LCC and the fractions were orally administered at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. These products showed larvicidal potential against Ae. aegypti and no sign of toxicity was evident in the parameters analyzed.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Rats , Aedes/classification , Anacardium/adverse effects , Larvicides/prevention & control , /analysis
4.
Physis (Rio J.) ; 21(1): 177-196, 2011. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-586054

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do artigo consiste em apresentar e discutir um modelo compreensivo/explicativo, de caráter ecossistêmico, sobre o processo de transmissão da dengue nos níveis de micro e macrocontexto, a partir da identificação das situações de riscos envolvidas. Considerou-se a dengue como doença infecciosa viral de transmissão vetorial que traz, na sua dinâmica de transmissão, elementos das dimensões biológicas, de conduta, ecológicas, políticas e econômicas, o que a caracteriza como um problema complexo e exige um enfoque sistêmico para seu controle. Assim, para a construção da modelagem, utilizaram-se o enfoque teórico da reprodução social de Juan Samaja e seus condicionantes de macro e microcontexto, e o enfoque operativo ecossistêmico, que buscou responder à pergunta condutora desta construção: quais são as situações de risco para transmissão da dengue, considerando as diversas dimensões da "reprodução social da saúde" no nível local? A visão ampliada das inter-relações entre as diversas situações de risco envolvidas na determinação multidimensional da dengue poderá servir como eixo direcionador para uma gestão integrada das ações do programa de controle da doença, articuladas entre os diversos setores envolvidos.


This paper aims to present and discuss a comprehensive / explanatory model, of ecosystem approach, on the process of transmission of dengue in the levels of micro and macro context, from the identification of the risks involved. Dengue was considered a viral infectious disease of vectorial transmission that carries on its transmission dynamics, elements of the biological, behavioral, ecological, political and economic dimensions, that make it a complex problem and require a systemic approach to its control. Thus, for the construction of modeling, we used the theoretical framework of social reproduction of Juan Samaja and its conditions of macro and micro-context, and the operating ecosystem approach, which sought to answer the question driving this construction: what are the risk situations for the transmission of dengue, considering the different dimensions of "social reproduction of health" at the local level? The enlarged view of the interrelationships among the various risk situations involved in determining multidimensional dengue could guide the integrated management of actions of a disease control program, coordinated by the several sectors involved.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pest Control, Biological/economics , Pest Control, Biological/methods , Pest Control, Biological/organization & administration , Dengue/diagnosis , Dengue/epidemiology , Dengue/prevention & control , Public Health/economics , Public Health/methods , Public Health , Environmental Hazards , Health Management , Impacts of Polution on Health/methods , Impacts of Polution on Health/policies , Impacts of Polution on Health/prevention & control , Larvicides/prevention & control , Public Health Practice/economics , Public Health Practice/ethics , Public Health Practice/standards
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