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1.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 81(4): 566-572, dic. 2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389809

ABSTRACT

Los quistes subglóticos adquiridos son una causa rara de estridor en la infancia, cuyo reporte ha ido en aumento en las últimas décadas. Su aparición se relaciona con la prematurez y la intubación en el periodo neonatal. Histológicamente, se observa una obstrucción de las glándulas mucosas de la subglotis debido una metaplasia escamosa del epitelio respiratorio. Esta es una condición que usualmente requiere de un alto índice de sospecha para llegar al diagnóstico, ya que pueden confundirse con otras patologías como laringitis aguda (croup), laringomalacia o asma. La nasofibroscopía permite sospechar su presencia, pero el gold standard diagnóstico lo constituye la laringo-tra-queo-broncoscopía directa en pabellón. Existen diversas técnicas para su manejo, siendo las más frecuentemente utilizadas la marsupialización con instrumental frío y láser. La recurrencia es frecuente, por lo que algunos autores han utilizado mitomicina C y la terapia antirreflujo para intentar disminuirla. Sin embargo, hasta la fecha falta evidencia de calidad que permita llegar a un consenso respecto al manejo ideal de esta patología. En este trabajo, presentamos tres casos clínico de pacientes con antecedentes de prematurez que fueron diagnosticados con quistes subglóticos adquiridos y manejados en un hospital pediátrico de alta complejidad.


Acquired subglottic cysts are an infrequent cause of stridor in infants, which has been increasingly reported in the last decades. Its appearance is related to prematurity and intubation in the neonatal period. Histologically, findings are characterized by an obstruction of the mucosal glands, due to squamous metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium. This condition usually requires a high index of suspicion to be diagnosed, as it can be misdiagnosed as croup, laryngomalacia or asthma. Flexible nasendoscopy allows an initial exploration of the larynx, but direct laryngo-tracheo-bronchoscopy in the operating room is the diagnostic gold standard. There are several techniques for its management, but the most frequently used are cold-steel marsupialization and laser. Recurrence is common, and some authors have used mitomycin C and antireflux therapy to try to decrease it. However, up to date, there is a lack of high-quality evidence, regarding the ideal management of this pathology, which prevents reaching a consensus. In this article, we present three clinical cases of premature patients who were diagnosed with subglottic cysts, treated in a tertiary pediatric hospital.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Laryngeal Diseases/therapy , Cysts/therapy , Infant, Premature, Diseases/therapy , Laryngoscopy/methods , Infant, Premature , Laryngeal Diseases/diagnosis , Laryngeal Diseases/drug therapy , Mitomycin/therapeutic use , Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
2.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 77(2): 193-196, jun. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-902762

ABSTRACT

Las fracturas laríngeas se producen principalmente en el contexto de traumas cervicales, ahorcamiento o estrangulamiento. Las fracturas laríngeas no traumáticas son excepcionales, existiendo escasos reportes en la literatura. A continuación, presentamos dos casos de fracturas laríngeas no traumáticas evaluadas en nuestro servicio.


Laryngeal fractures occur mainly in the context of cervical trauma, hanging or strangulation. Nontraumatic laryngeal fractures are rare and there are fewreports in the literature. We present two cases of nontraumatic laryngeal fractures evaluated in our service.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Laryngeal Diseases/diagnosis , Larynx/injuries , Sneezing , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Laryngeal Diseases/etiology , Laryngeal Diseases/drug therapy , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Deglutition , Laryngoscopy , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
4.
Colomb. med ; 45(4): 186-189, Oct.-Dec. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-747585

ABSTRACT

Laryngeal histoplasmosis is a fungal infection that is frequent in Colombia. Laryngeal histoplasmosis usually occurs in immunocompromised patients through the dissemination of the fungus from the lungs to other organs. Histoplasmosis isolated laryngeal (primary) is rare. If a patient presents with a history of immunosuppression by renal transplant, primary laryngeal histoplasmosis with supraglottic granulomatous inflammation that was treated with amphotericin B and Itraconazole, with complete resolution of laryngeal lesions.


Histoplasmosis es una infección fúngica que es frecuente en Colombia. La histoplasmosis laríngea por lo general se presenta en pacientes inmunocomprometidos por la difusión del hongo desde los pulmones a otros órganos. La enfermedad laríngea aislada (primaria) es rara. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con antecedente de inmunosupresión por trasplante renal, con histoplasmosis laríngea primaria que produjo inflamación granulomatosa supraglótica, tratado con Anfotericina B e Itraconazol, con resolución completa de las lesiones laríngeas.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Male , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Histoplasmosis/diagnosis , Laryngeal Diseases/microbiology , Amphotericin B/administration & dosage , Amphotericin B/therapeutic use , Antifungal Agents/administration & dosage , Colombia , Histoplasmosis/drug therapy , Itraconazole/administration & dosage , Itraconazole/therapeutic use , Laryngeal Diseases/drug therapy
7.
Rev. bras. otorrinolaringol ; 74(6): 926-932, nov.-dez. 2008. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-503638

ABSTRACT

Os corticosteróides são potentes inibidores da inflamação e da cicatrização. Administração local de esteróides diretamente na laringe tem sido relatada em diversas patologias laríngeas. OBJETIVO: O objetivo desse estudo é realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre o uso de infiltração de corticosteróide em pregas vocais, em pacientes com patologias vocais benignas, inflamatórias e crônicas de laringe. METODOLOGIA: Realizou-se uma busca eletrônica na base de dados Medline, selecionando-se estudos clínicos que utilizavam corticosteróides em patologias benignas da laringe. RESULTADOS: Os corticosteróides são indicados nas seguintes situações: 1) doenças inflamatórias agudas, principalmente naquelas relacionadas a edema que comprometa a via aérea; 2) doenças auto-imunes com alterações laríngeas; 3) estenose laríngea; 4) em lesões benignas inflamatórias das pregas vocais, como nódulos, pólipos e edema de Reinke, para diminuir o processo inflamatório pré-cirúrgico ou na tentativa de se evitar uma intervenção cirúrgica; 5) em fonocirurgia, com o objetivo de reduzir a formação de cicatriz. Seu uso pode ser profilático, visando à prevenção da formação de cicatriz ou terapêutico em uma cicatriz já formada. CONCLUSÃO: Os corticosteróides podem ser considerados uma opção terapêutica importante no manejo de várias patologias, principalmente aquelas de origem inflamatória que causam alterações vocais.


Steroids are potent inhibitors of inflammation and wound repair. Local administration of steroids directly into the larynx has been reported in many laryngeal diseases. AIM: The purpose of this study is to review related literature about the use of steroid injection in patients with benign, inflammatory and chronic vocal disease. METHODOLOGY: We performed an electronic survey in Medline database and selected clinical trials regarding steroid use in benign laryngeal diseases. RESULTS: Steroids are indicated in these situations: 1) acute inflammatory diseases, mainly when edema compromises the airways; 2) auto- immune disease with laryngeal involvement; 3) laryngeal stenosis; 4) benign lesions of the vocal folds, e.g., nodules, polyps and Reinke's edema, to reduce the inflammatory reactions before phonosurgery or in an attempt to avoid surgery; 5) In phonosurgery, aiming to reduce scarring. In this case, it could be used as a preventive measure in vocal fold scarring, or for scar treatment. CONCLUSION: Steroids may be considered an important therapeutic option in the management of many diseases, specially the inflammatory ones, associated with vocal changes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Laryngeal Diseases/drug therapy , Acute Disease , Chronic Disease , Injections, Intralesional
8.
Rev. bras. otorrinolaringol ; 73(6): 857-861, nov.-dez. 2007. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-474428

ABSTRACT

A histoplasmose com acometimento único de laringe é uma ocorrência rara da doença, com menos de 100 casos relatados na literatura, quando comparada ao número de pacientes diagnosticados com histoplasmose. Tal localização, quando isolada, pode induzir, erroneamente, ao diagnóstico e tratamento de tuberculose ou câncer de laringe, com casos relatados de tratamentos iniciados para essas doenças. Em um paciente com histoplasmose que desenvolva rouquidão, deve-se pensar no acometimento laríngeo da histoplasmose, enquanto que uma massa laríngea produzindo rouquidão deve incluir em seu diagnóstico diferencial a histoplasmose laríngea. Quando se pensa em histoplasmose como causa de uma lesão laríngea, a biópsia deve ser limitada, removendo a menor quantidade de tecido necessária para o diagnóstico O patologista deve ser avisado da possibilidade do diagnóstico, já que podem ser necessários corantes especiais para o diagnóstico.


The incidence of laryngeal histoplasmosis is low when compared to the total number of cases. Less than 100 cases of laryngeal histoplasmosis have been described in the medical literature. Isolated laryngeal involvement may lead to the misdiagnosis and mistreatment of tuberculosis or laryngeal cancer, according to some reports. The development of hoarseness in a patient with histoplasmosis or a laryngeal mass leading to hoarseness, might be suggestive of laryngeal histoplasmosis. When histoplasmosis is included among the differential diagnoses of a laryngeal lesion, the biopsy should be limited to a small tissue fragment, enough to perform histological tests. The laboratory technicians must be warned about the possibility of histoplasmosis, because special dyes have to be used to confirm this diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Histoplasmosis/diagnosis , Laryngeal Diseases/diagnosis , Amphotericin B/therapeutic use , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Diagnosis, Differential , Fluconazole/therapeutic use , Histoplasmosis/drug therapy , Laryngoscopy , Laryngeal Diseases/drug therapy , Laryngeal Diseases/microbiology
9.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health ; 2004 Mar; 35(1): 169-71
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-32611

ABSTRACT

Vocal fold polyps usually occur on the anterior or middle part of the membranous vocal fold and are the commonest laryngeal pathology requiring surgical removal. We report on six cases of small vocal polyps (4 cases angiomatous polyps and 2 gelatinous) that completely resolved using conservative treatment. Not every case of polyps requires surgical removal.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Laryngeal Diseases/drug therapy , Laryngoscopy , Male , Middle Aged , Polyps/drug therapy , Prednisolone/administration & dosage , Ranitidine/administration & dosage , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Severity of Illness Index , Thailand , Treatment Outcome , Vocal Cords/pathology
11.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 59(1): 97-100, Mar. 2001. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-284246

ABSTRACT

A distonia laríngea (disfonia espasmódica) é distúrbio do movimento caracterizado por contrações involuntárias da musculatura laríngea envolvida no processo de vocalização. A utilização da toxina botulínica no tratamento da distonia laríngea trouxe consideráveis benefícios clínicos. Descrevemos os resultados preliminares do uso terapêutico da toxina botulínica no tratamento da distonia laríngea em 12 pacientes. Após investigação clínica, os pacientes foram submetidos a videolaringoestroboscopia para confirmação diagnóstica e as injeções de toxina botulínica foram realizadas através de punção da membrana cricotireóidea em direção ao músculo tireoaritenóideo, com uso de eletromiografia. A maioria dos pacientes submetidos ao tratamento com toxina botulínica apresentou melhora significativa da distonia laríngea (83 por cento dos casos), com duração média do efeito de quatro meses, sem efeitos colaterais significativos


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Middle Aged , Adult , Anti-Dyskinesia Agents/therapeutic use , Botulinum Toxins/therapeutic use , Dystonia/drug therapy , Laryngeal Diseases/drug therapy , Anti-Dyskinesia Agents/pharmacology , Botulinum Toxins/pharmacology , Electromyography , Follow-Up Studies , Larynx/drug effects , Treatment Outcome
12.
Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci ; 1997 Apr-Jun; 39(2): 125-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-30296

ABSTRACT

A patient of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) with laryngeal involvement and respiratory difficulty has been described. Direct laryngoscopic biopsy led to the diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis. The patient underwent a tracheostomy and was subsequently treated with cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids to which he responded.


Subject(s)
Adult , Combined Modality Therapy , Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use , Humans , Laryngeal Diseases/drug therapy , Laryngoscopy , Male , Prednisolone/therapeutic use , Respiration Disorders/etiology , Tracheostomy , Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/complications
13.
Journal of the Faculty of Medicine-Baghdad. 1991; 33 (4): 393-400
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-20455

ABSTRACT

Adult male rats were exposed to cigarette smoke [2x/day/6 wks] in locally prepared chamber with an objective to study the effect of daily smoke exposure on body weight gain and possible epithelial changes encountered in the respiratory air-ways in conjunction with oral intake of 300 IU [2x/wK/6wK] of retinol palmitate. The exposure to cigarette smoke caused a significant [P<0.01] decrease in body weight gain relative to sham exposed animals, while the oral retionl intake had improved the gain over sham-treated. Analysis of serum retinol levels revealed a significant [P<0.001] decrease in the smoke-exposed rats relative to sham exposed rats. The epithelial changes of the larynx were the most prominent changes of the respiratory airways which varied from pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelia to squamous metaplasia in the smoke-exposed rats while in those supplemented with the retinol, the laryngeal epithelia was nearly that of the sham-exposed and there was no sign of squamous metaplasia. Apparently, the retinol supplementation during cigarette smoke exposure might had a prophylactic role in human against unwanted cellular changes of the respiratory airways


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Tobacco Use Disorder , Metaplasia/drug therapy , Laryngeal Diseases/drug therapy , Smoking
15.
Rev. mex. pediatr ; 52(5): 203-11, mayo 1985. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-28567

ABSTRACT

La laringotraqueítis es una enfermedad de pronóstico benigno. Algunos casos pueden ser graves debido a la obstrucción laríngea que obliga al médico a la intubación endotraqueal o traqueostomía para permitir la ventilación. Como un método alterno, la administración de adrenalina racémica, aplicada por presión positiva intermitente, ha demostrado ser benéfica y evita los inconvenientes de otros procedimientos. Según la anterior, se realizó un estudio prospectivo en 979 niños


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Tracheitis/drug therapy , Epinephrine/administration & dosage , Laryngeal Diseases/drug therapy , Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation
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