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1.
GEN ; 64(2): 124-131, jun. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-664483

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE) es un trastorno gastrointestinal frecuente que representa una de las causas de consulta más común en medicina general y gastroenterología. Recientemente, se ha descrito que la ERGE puede asociarse a manifestaciones otorrinolaringológicas como laringitis, tos crónica, odinofagia, escurrimiento nasal posterior y asma. En su fisiopatología se involucran mecanismos directos e indirectos, considerándose al ácido como el agente más nocivo, aunque otras sustancias pueden lesionar las estructuras laríngeas como pepsina, moco y contenidos duodenales. El diagnóstico de ERGE laríngeo se basa en la realización cuestionarios específicos, laringoscopia y la pHmetría ambulatoria de 2 canales. Independientemente del método diagnóstico empleado, cuando se asume que la ERGE es causa de síntomas laríngeos, en la actualidad el uso de medicamentos que suprimen el acido (especialmente IBPs) constituye la piedra angular del tratamiento, aunque los resultados clínicos sobre su efectividad son muy controversiales. En la presente revisión se analizan los aspectos más controversiales respecto a la fisiopatología, diagnóstico y tratamiento de las manifestaciones laríngeas de la ERGE...


Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a frequent gastrointestinal disorder that has became one of the most common conditions presenting in general and gastroenterology practice. Recently, it has been described that GERD may have otolaryngological manifestations such as laryngitis, chronic cough, odynophagia, posterior nasal drip and asthma. Several patophysiological mechanisms have been described, but abnormal acid exposure is the most important. However, there is evidence that other substances can damage laryngeal structures, such as pepsin, mucus and duodenal content). Laryngeal GERD is diagnosed by using specific questionnaires, or by the presence of laryngeal signs in the laryngoscopy or by the detection of abnormal acid exposure using a dual ambulatory pH monitoring. Suppressive acid secretion drugs (specifi cally PPI´s) represent the gold standard therapy when laryngeal symptoms are related to GERD. However, the evidence regarding the effectiveness of PPI´s in laryngeal GERD are controversial. In this review, we analyze the most relevant issues regarding the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of laryngeal GERD...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Gastrointestinal Diseases/pathology , Laryngitis/complications , Laryngitis/pathology , Gastroesophageal Reflux/physiopathology , Laryngopharyngeal Reflux/diagnosis , Laryngopharyngeal Reflux/physiopathology , Gastroenterology
2.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 75(6): 801-805, nov.-dez. 2009. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-539374

ABSTRACT

Nenhum tecido ou substância ideal foi encontrado para a injeção em pregas vocais. O objetivo deste estudo prospectivo foi avaliar o uso do Durasphere como substância de injeção na prega vocal canina. Materiais e métodos: Em seis cães adultos foram injetados 0,3mL de Durasphere no terço médio da prega vocal direita no músculo tireoaritenoideo e 0,3mL de soro fisiológico na prega contralateral. Os animais foram sacrificados após 7 dias (três cães) e 90 dias (três cães). Analisamos os processos inflamatórios no músculo vocal e na lâmina própria das pregas vocais. Resultados: No músculo vocal com Durasphere havia uma inflamação significativamente maior que no músculo controle, formouse um infiltrado linfomononuclear moderado após 7 dias e leve após 90 dias. Não observamos formação de corpos estranhos ou granulomas. Já na lâmina própria houve um processo inflamatório leve nos dois grupos, sem diferença entre eles. Conclusão: Trata-se de uma substância com biocompatibilidade comprovada em humanos, com resultados preliminares e inéditos de sua injeção em pregas vocais caninas que causou um processo inflamatório moderado no músculo vocal após 7 dias e leve após 90 dias, sem formação de corpos estranhos ou granulomas.


There is no ideal tissue or substance to be injected in the vocal folds. The objective of the present study was to assess the use of Durasphere in canine vocal fold injection. Materials and methods: in six adult dogs we injected 0.3 mL of Durasphere in the middle third of the thyroarytenoid muscle and 0.3 mL of saline solution in the contralateral vocal fold. The animals were slaughtered after seven days (three dogs) and after 90 days (three dogs). We analyzed the inflammatory process in the vocal fold and in the lamina propria of the vocal folds. Results: in the vocal muscle which received Durasphere there was a significantly more intense inflammation when compared to the control muscle - there was a moderate lymphomodular infiltrate after seven days and mild after 90 days. We did not observe foreign bodies nor granulomas. On the lamina propria there was a mild inflammatory process in the two groups, without difference between them. Conclusion: this is a substance of proven biocompatibility in humans, with preliminary and unprecedented results and its injection in canine vocal folds caused a moderate inflammatory process after seven days and mild after 90 days, without foreign bodies or granuloma formation.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Female , Male , Biocompatible Materials/administration & dosage , Glucans/administration & dosage , Vocal Cords/drug effects , Zirconium/administration & dosage , Laryngitis/chemically induced , Laryngitis/pathology , Time Factors , Vocal Cords/pathology
3.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 8(4)oct.-nov. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-575558

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo desde enero de 1999 hasta diciembre del 2002 en el Hospital General Docente Enrique Cabrera. Fueron estudiados 282 casos con historia de disfonía de más de dos semanas de evolución. A todos se les hizo laringoscopia indirecta y directa con biopsia de sus lesione; 173 hombres (61,3 por ciento) presentaron algún tipo de laringopatía, destacándose el grupo de edad comprendido entre los 56-65 años con 59 casos para 20,9 por ciento, mientras que en las féminas hubo 109 casos (38,6 por ciento), siendo el grupo de 36-45 años de edad el mayor hallado entre ellas. Las neoplasias predominaron en el sexo masculino con 70 casos (24,8 por ciento), mientras que en las mujeres predominó la laringitis crónica en 68 casos (24,1 por ciento). Laringitis Crónica Simple apareció en 43 casos dentro de las laringopatía crónica. La clase I de displasia, según Hellquist, se halló en 62 casos (70,4 por ciento) y entre las neoplasias, el cáncer de origen epitelial se encontró en 78 casos para 95,1 por ciento. En este trabajo, la relación laringopatía crónica cáncer fue 1,5:1 y el grupo de las laringitis crónicas fue mayormente encontrado.


A retrospective study was carried out from January/1999 to December/2002 at the Enrique Cabrera Hospital. Two hundred and eighty two cases with dysphonic history of more than two weeks of evolution were studied. To all of them an indirect and direct laryngoscopy was made with biopsy of their lesions. One hundred and seventy three men (61,3 percent) had some kind of illness of the larynx, standing out the group of age between 56-65 years-old with 59 cases for a 20,9 percent, while in women, there were 109 cases (38,6 percent) in the age group between 36-45 years-old. The neoplasm was more frequent in males with 70 cases (24, 8 percent); while in females the chronic laryngitis was more frequent in 68 cases (24, 1 percent). Simple Chronic Laryngitis appeared in 43 cases inside the chronic laringopathy. The class number one of the displasia according to Hellquist was in 62 cases (70, 4 percent) and among the neoplasm, the cancer of epithelial origin was in 78 cases to a 95, 1 percent. In this workshop the relationship chronic laryngopathy/ cancer was 1, 5:1 and the group of the chronic laryngitis was most frequently found.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Biopsy/methods , Laryngeal Neoplasms , Laryngitis/pathology , Laryngoscopy/methods , Neoplasms , Retrospective Studies
4.
Rev. bras. otorrinolaringol ; 73(2): 171-178, mar.-abr. 2007. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-453355

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo experimental tem como objetivo avaliar a resposta inflamatória do tecido ao implante de AH (ácido hialurônico) Restylane® na prega vocal (PV) do coelho, em uma semana e três meses, após a aplicação do produto injetável na prega vocal dos coelhos. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: O trabalho selecionou 12 coelhos adultos, do sexo masculino para serem submetidos à injeção de 0,1ml de Restylane® em uma das PVs e 0,1ml de soro fisiológico na PV contralateral. Este grupo inicial foi dividido em dois subgrupos, sendo o primeiro sacrificado na primeira semana e o segundo após três meses. Em todos os animais analisados microscopicamente detectou-se a presença de AH. RESULTADOS: O incremento do tecido conectivo foi observado envolvendo o AH, sempre acompanhado de uma resposta inflamatória de leve intensidade. O maior tempo de permanência não aumentou a intensidade da reação inflamatória. Necrose tecidual, reação inflamatória, tipo corpo estranho, não foram percebidas em ambos os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Através deste estudo acreditamos que o AH Restylane® poderá ser uma alternativa viável como material de preenchimento das PVs e no tratamento da insuficiência glótica. Obviamente outros estudos deverão ser realizados para confirmação da sua tolerância em humanos e a sua utilização em outros tratamentos das patologias laríngeas.


The vocal fold structure is composed of tissues with many cells surrounded by the extra-cellular matrix. One of the most important components of the extra-cellular matrix is Hyaluronic Acid (HA). The aim of the study was to evaluate the inflammatory response of rabbit vocal folds after a local injection of Restylane® HA. METHODS: Twelve adult male rabbits randomly received a 0.1 ml injection of Restylane® HA in one vocal fold and 0.1 ml of saline in the other vocal fold. The animals were prospectively subdivided into two groups; animals in one group were sacrificed after one week of follow-up and animals in the other group were sacrificed after 3 months. Slides were Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE), Masson Trichromic and Toluidine Blue stained. RESULTS: Hyaluronic Acid was found microscopically in all specimens in both groups. There was more connective tissue surrounding HA, always associated with a mild inflammatory response. The longer exposure time did not increase the intensity of inflammation. Tissue necrosis and foreign body inflammatory reaction were not observed in both groups. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that HA is a good alternative as a filling material in vocal folds when treating glottal insufficiency.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rabbits , Hyaluronic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Laryngitis/pathology , Vocal Cords/drug effects , Fibrosis/pathology , Hyaluronic Acid/administration & dosage , Hyaluronic Acid/pharmacology , Injections , Models, Animal , Necrosis/pathology , Random Allocation , Severity of Illness Index , Vocal Cords/pathology , Vocal Cords/surgery
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