ABSTRACT
El presente Manual de Organización y Funciones, contiene la estructura organizativa, los objetivos, las funciones y las relaciones de trabajo internas y externas que propician su funcionamiento en los procesos legales
This Organization and Functions Manual contains the organizational structure, objectives, functions and internal and external work relationships that promote its operation in legal processes
Subject(s)
Public Health Administration , Legal Services , Manuals as TopicABSTRACT
RESUMEN: Las ocurrencias de lesiones en la región oro-maxilofacial adquieren importancia debido a su complicada anatomía y fisiología, pudiendo resultar en deformidades faciales, adquiriendo interés cuando son causadas por un tercero, pudiendo traer repercusiones legales. El objetivo fue realizar un estudio transversal con el fin de estimar frecuencia y tipificación de lesiones oro-maxilofaciales que requirieron peritaje forense en el Servicio Médico Legal de Curicó, Chile. Se recopilaron datos encriptados de 79 fichas de pacientes entre 17-88 años que realizaron su constatación de lesiones en Servicio Médico Legal de Curicó, Chile, en el lapsus de un año. La frecuencia de lesiones con peritaje forense en la región oro-maxilofacial fue de un 25,82 %, provocada principalmente por mecanismo físico. En su mayoría efectuados a individuos del sexo masculino, con un rango etario de entre 20 a 40 años. La violencia interpersonal fue observada como el agente causal más frecuente de lesiones, seguida por accidentes de tránsito. Los sujetos periciados por violencia intrafamiliar, fueron en su totalidad mujeres. Las lesiones más recurrentes fueron fractura y contusión, dentro de ellas encontramos a fractura nasal como la más frecuente, seguida de herida contusa, herida por instrumento cortante, fractura maxilar y por último fractura dental. De la totalidad de las lesiones en estudio solo un tercio estuvieron confinadas exclusivamente en el territorio oro-maxilofacial.
ABSTRACT: Occurrences of lesions in the oromaxillofacial region acquire importance due to their complicated anatomy and physiology, which may result in facial deformities, acquiring interest when caused by a third party, and may have legal repercussions. The objective was to carry out a crosssectional study in order to estimate the frequency and typing of oro-maxillofacial injuries that required forensic expertise in the Legal Medical Service of Curicó, Chile. Encrypted data was collected from 79 records of patients between 17-88 years who made their findings of injuries in the Medical Legal Service of Curicó, Chile, in the lapse of one year. The frequency of injuries with forensic expertise in the oro-maxillofacial region was 25.82 %, caused mainly by physical mechanism. Mostly made to individuals of the male sex, with an age range of between 20 to 40 years. Interpersonal violence was observed as the most frequent causal agent of injuries, followed by traffic accidents. The subjects trained by intrafamily violence were all women. The most recurrent injuries were fracture and contusion, within which we found a nasal fracture as the most frequent, followed by a contusive wound, a cutting instrument wound, a maxillary fracture and finally a dental fracture. Of the totality of the lesions under study, only one third were confined exclusively in the oro-maxillofacial territory.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Forensic Dentistry/methods , Maxillofacial Injuries/complications , Chile , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Legal Services/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Artificial intelligence (AI) is usually associated with high-tech robotics, automation and science fiction, and can seem daunting to some.However, AI in general has grown considerably over the past 50 years, and is the current driving force behind the Fourth Industrial Revolution.While it proposes improvements to almost every field that it touches, including the medical sciences, ethical, social and legal challenges associated with its implementation arise. One may question whether AI, which can replace the human element by nature of its operation,has a place in South African and African communities, in certain instances. AI systems can potentially become discriminatory and lead to stigmatisation, if the systems are not properly tailored to reflect the specific characteristics of a population group. Over-reliance on the use of technology, without fully understanding the effects and consequences of the systems, could also prove to be problematic
Subject(s)
Artificial Intelligence , Delivery of Health Care , Industry , Legal Services , Morals , Social Desirability , South AfricaABSTRACT
O parecer psicossocial consiste no principal meio de assessoramento aos operadores do Direito em processos judiciais que necessitam de uma análise psicossocial, sendo documento fundamental essa interdisciplinaridade. A partir da análise de aspectos qualitativos de 178 decisões judiciais proferidas entre 2010 e 2012, esta pesquisa objetivou verificar se juízes têm acolhido ou desconsiderado sugestões ou alusões de risco em pareceres psicossociais que avaliaram situações de violência doméstica contra crianças, adolescentes e mulheres. A interpretação qualitativa dos dados resultou na construção de três zonas de sentido: 1. O interesse da vítima no prosseguimento do feito é central para a decisão judicial; 2. A atuação psicossocial tem como objetivo realizar o acompanhamento ou tratamento das partes; e 3. A atuação psicossocial tem como objetivo assessorar a tomada de decisão judicial. Sugere-se investimento na interdisciplinaridade entre as ciências psicossociais e jurídica, com base nos paradigmas dos Direitos Humanos, redes sociais e reparação das vítimas.
The psychosocial report, an essential document to the establishment of an interdisciplinary approach among psychological, social and legal areas, is the main way to advisor judges on legal procedures that require a social and psychological analysis. Throughout a qualitative analysis of 178 courts' decisions from the year 2010 to 2012, this research aimed to verify the acceptance or not of suggestions or reference of risk in psychosocial reports that evaluated domestic violent situations against children, adolescents and women. The qualitative analysis of the court's decisions resulted in three different meaning areas: 1. Victim's intention to carry on the legal procedure is central to the court's decision, 2. The psychosocial work aims to make psychological monitoring or treatment of the victims and their families, 3. The psychosocial work aims to advise the process of making a legal decision. Continued investment in the interdisciplinary between psychosocial and legal areas, based on the paradigms of the Human Rights, social networks and redress of the victims, is strongly suggested.
El informe psicosocial es la principal forma de asesoramiento a los profesionales del derecho en procedimientos judiciales que requieren un análisis psicológico y social, y es un documento fundamental para el establecimiento de esta interdisciplinariedad. Con base en el análisis de los aspectos cualitativos de 178 decisiones judiciales entre 2010 y 2012, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar si los jueces han considerado las sugerencias o las alusiones de riesgo en informes psicosociales que evaluaran la violencia doméstica contra niños, adolescentes y mujeres. La interpretación cualitativa de los datos resultó en la construcción de tres áreas de significado: 1. El interés de la víctima en la continuidad del proceso penal es fundamental para la decisión judicial; 2. El trabajo psicosocial tiene como objetivo hacer acompañamiento o tratamiento de las partes, y 3. El trabajo psicosocial tiene como objetivo asesorar la toma de decisión judicial. Se sugiere la continuidad de inversión en la interdisciplinariedad entre las ciencias psicosociales y jurídicas, basado en los paradigmas de los derechos humanos, las redes sociales y la reparación de las víctimas.
Subject(s)
Social Work , Forensic Psychology , Psychology, Social , Domestic Violence , Legal Services , Social WorkersABSTRACT
The GATS is the first and only set of multilateral rules and commitment covering Government measures which affect trade in services. It has two parts-the framework agreement containing the rules, and the national schedules of commitments through which each Member specifies the degree of access and is prepared for foreign service suppliers. The GATS covers all services with two exceptions, i.e., services provided in the exercise of governmental authority and , in the air transport sector, air traffic rights and all services directly related to the exercise of traffic rights. Notwithstanding this very broad scope, the agreement and the negotiations taking place under it are one of the least controversial areas of the current work in the WTO. This is because of its remarkable flexibility, which allows Governments, to a very great extent, to determine the level of obligations they will assume. There are four main elements of flexibility: Member Governments choose those service sectors or subsectors on which they will make commitments guaranteeing the right of foreign suppliers to provide the service. Each Member must have a schedule of commitments, but there is no minimum requirement as to its coverage and some cover only a small part of one sector; For those services that are committed, Governments may set limitations specifying the level of market access and the degree of national treatment they are prepared to guarantee; Governments were able to limit commitments to one or more of the four re cognized "modes of supply" through which services are traded. They may also withdraw and renegotiate commitments ; In order to provide more favorable treatment to certain trading partners, Governments may take exemption, in principle limited to a 10 years’ duration, from the MFN principle, which is otherwise applicable to all services, whether scheduled or not. The agreement contains a number of general obligations applicable to all services, the most important of which is the MFN rule. But apart from these, each Member defines its own obligations through the commitments undertaken in its schedule. Because it is a basic principle of the agreement that developing countries are expected to liberalize fewer sectors and types of transactions, in line with their development situation, the commitments of developing countries are in general less extensive than those of more industrialized countries. It was this flexibility in the scheduling of commitments which put an end to the north-south controversy over services which marked the early years of th e Uruguay Round. So far, South Korea has been asked by 14 economies, including the U.S., EU, and China, to open its services market wider. According to the initial requests submitted to the World Trade Organization (WTO), these countries urged Seoul to grant greater access to the domestic medical treatment, legal services, education, finance, and distribution markets. The ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MOFAT) plans to hold a related ministerial meeting today and roll out countermeasures by next March for follow-up negotiations with the nations concerned. In the initial requests, Korean newspapers reported that the U.S has demanded Seoul guarantee full access to the medical service markets and provide the same business conditions for American companies as local ones. This was, however, denied by the Korean government, while it accepted that fact that the China also called for the removal of barriers in the herbal medicine market as well as in the education. The WTO member economies have submitted initial requests for follow-up negotiations by sector to the new round of WTO talks in November last year. Thereafter, South Korea is required to come up with a response by next March to resolve the issues by the end of 2004. An agreement with the 14 countries should take effect from January 2005.