Gen de fusión AML-1/ETO y mutación NPM-1A en leucemia mieloide crónica en crisis blástica mieloide / AML-1/ETO fusion gene and mutation NPM-1A in myeloid chronic leukemia in myeloid blast crisis

La leucemia mieloide crónica es una neoplasia mieloproliferativa de naturaleza clonal que generalmente y de manera progresiva transita por tres fases: crónica, acelerada y crisis blástica. Alrededor del 80 por ciento de los enfermos con leucemia mieloide crónica son diagnosticados durante la fase crónica, 10 por ciento en fase acelerada y otro 10 por ciento durante la crisis blástica. A la presencia del cromosoma Filadelfia y la formación del gen de fusión BCR/ABL, que se traduce en la proteína quimérica pBCR/ABL, le sigue una gran inestabilidad genómica y la adquisición de alteraciones cromosómicas y moleculares adicionales. Algunas alteraciones moleculares, que suelen estar presentes en otras hemopatías malignas, pueden ser adquiridas durante la progresión de la leucemia mieloide crónica a crisis blástica. Se presenta el caso de un paciente que debutó con una leucemia mieloide crónica en crisis blástica, con positividad del gen de fusión BCR/ABL, el gen de fusión AML-1/ETO y la mutación NPM-1A(AU)

Chronic myeloid leukemia is a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasm which generally and progressively goes through three phases: chronic, accelerated and blast crisis. About 80 percent of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia are diagnosed in chronic phase, 10 % in accelerated phase and 10 percent in blast crisis. The presence of Philadelphia chromosome and the formation of BCR/ABL fusion gene, resulting in the chimeric protein pBCR/ABL, generates a large genomic instability and the acquisition of additional chromosomal and molecular alterations. Some molecular alterations, which are usually present in other hematological malignancies, could be acquired during the progression of chronic myeloid leukemia to blast crisis. This report presents the case of a patient with de novo chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis, with positivity of BCR/ABL fusion gene, AML-1/ETO fusion gene and mutation NPM-1A(AU)

Therapy-Related Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia in a Lung Cancer Patient

No abstract available.

A Novel Mutation in the GATA1 Gene Associated with Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia in a Korean Down Syndrome Patient

Although acquired mutations in the GATA1 gene have been reported for Down syndrome-related acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (DS-AMKL) in Caucasians, this is the first report of a Korean Down syndrome patient with AMKL carrying a novel mutation of the GATA1 gene. A 3-yr-old Korean girl with Down syndrome was admitted to our hospital complaining of pallor and fever. The findings of a peripheral blood smear and bone marrow study were compatible with the presence of AMKL. A chromosome study showed 48,XX,-7,+21c,+21,+r[3]/47,XX,+21c[17]. Following GATA1 gene mutation analysis, a novel mutation, c.145dupG (p.Ala49GlyfsX18), was identified in the N-terminal activation domain of the GATA1 gene. This mutation caused a premature termination at codon 67 and expression of an abnormal GATA-1 protein with a defective N-terminal activation domain, and the absence of full-length GATA-1 protein. This case demonstrates that a leukemogenic mechanism for DS-AMKL is contributed by a unique collaboration between overexpressed genes from trisomy 21 and an acquired GATA1 mutation previously seen in Caucasians and now in a Korean patient.

Acute T lymphoid and megakaryoblastic bi-lineal leukemia in a child.

A 1 1/2-year-old boy presented with fever, anemia, petechial rash and hepatosplenomegaly. Bone marrow examination showed two morphologically distinct blasts (small and large) which were confirmed on immunophenotyping to be of T-lymphoid and megakaryocytic lineages respectively. Patient was refractory to therapy. This is a rare combination of bi-lineal leukemia in a child.

Citoquímica hematológica / Hematological cytochemistry

Se revisan la aplicación y utilidad diagnóstica de los principales métodos citoquímicos en diferentes trastornos hematológicos. Se describen las técnicas siguientes: hemosiderina y sideroblastos, fosfatasa alcalina leucocitaria, mieloperoxidasa, reacción con ácido peryódico-Schiff (PAS), fosfatasa ácida, esterasas específicas e inespecíficas; con indicaciones sobre procedimientos e interpretación de resultados acorde con la experiencia de los autores. Se propone un algoritmo para el estudio de leucemias agudas y se expone un amplio material fotográfico que abarca a todas las técnicas empleadas

Leucemia megacarioblástica da criança: apresentçäo de um caso e revisäo da literatura / Megakaryocytic leukemia in child: report of a case and literature review

Os autores fazem a apresentaçäo de um caso de leucemia aguda näo-linfóide em uma criança do sexo feminino, branca, com 27 meses de idade, que foi encaminhada ao St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, com suspeita clínica e radiográfica de neuroblastoma. Esse último diagnóstico foi considerado devido a paciente ser de baixa idade, apresentar dor óssea, anemia, e lesöes osteolíticas disseminadas. Após extensa avaliaçäo, o diagnóstico de leucemia aguda megacarioblástica (LMCA) foi firmado. A definiçäo desse tipo de leucemia, neste caso, se baseou nos achados citomorfológicos do infiltrado celular da medula óssea, e propriedades citoquímicas e imunofenotípicas das células leucêmicas. As características clínicas, biológicas e de resposta ao tratamento da LMCA säo descritas, enfatizando principalmente aquelas que ocorrem em crianças de baixa idade.