ABSTRACT
Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to evaluate platelet enzyme activity in cases of leukemia. Materials and Methods: Platelet enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), pyruvate kinase (PK) and hexokinase (HK) were studied in 47 patients of acute and chronic leukemia patients, 16 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML)(13 relapse, three in remission), 12 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) (five in relapse, seven in remission), 19 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Results: The platelet G6PD activity was significantly low in cases of AML, ALL and also in CML. G6PD activity was normalized during AML remission. G6PD activity, although persistently low during ALL remission, increased significantly to near-normal during remission (P < 0.05) as compared with relapse (P < 0.01). Platelet PK activity was high during AML relapse (P < 0.05), which was normalized during remission. Platelet HK however was found to be decreased during all remission (P < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between G6PD and PK in cases of AML (P < 0.001) but not in ALL and CML. G6PD activity did not correlate with HK activity in any of the leukemic groups. A significant positive correlation was however seen between PK and HK activity in cases of ALL remission (P < 0.01) and CML (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Both red cell and platelet enzymes were studied in 36 leukemic patients and there was no statistically significant correlation between red cell and platelet enzymes. Platelet enzyme defect in leukemias suggests the inherent abnormality in megakaryopoiesis and would explain the functional platelet defects in leukemias.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Blood Platelets/enzymology , Erythrocytes/enzymology , Female , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/analysis , Hexokinase/analysis , Humans , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/enzymology , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Regression, Spontaneous , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/enzymology , Pyruvate Kinase/analysis , RecurrenceABSTRACT
Telomerase activity and the expression of telomerase subunits (for example, telomerase reverse transcriptase and telomerase associated protein 1 and telomerase RNA component) of peripheral white blood cells were detected in the patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) and the correlation between telomerase activity and the expression of telomerase subunits was observed. In 94 peripheral white blood cells from 18 healthy volunteers and 76 patients with AML, including 31 AML at initial presentation, 24 at relapse and 21 at complete remission, the telomerase activity and telomerase subunits mRNA or RNA were detected by PCR-ELISA and RT-PCR respectively. The results showed that the positive rate of telomerase from patients with AML at initial presentation, at relapse and at complete remission was 74.1%, 79.2% and 4.8% respectively. The positive rate of telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA from healthy volunteers, AML at initial presentation, AML at relapse and AML at complete remission was 5.6%, 80.6%, 83.3% and 9.5% respectively. The positive rate of telomerase associated protein 1 mRNA and telomerase RNA component in all samples were 100%. It was suggested that the up-regulation of telomerase activity and the expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase is correlated closely with the occurrence and relapse of AML, so telomerase activity and the expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase may be used to estimate the curative effect and predict relapse of AML. Moreover, the up-regulation of telomerase activity is correlated with the expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase significantly.
Subject(s)
Carrier Proteins/metabolism , DNA-Binding Proteins , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/enzymology , RNA/metabolism , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Telomerase/metabolismABSTRACT
Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) was estimated in the leucocytes of 35 patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) and 10 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). G6PD levels were found to be significantly decreased in majority of the patients with ANLL while it was increased in all CML patients. Variation in G6PD was found to be dependent on the percentage of myelocytes inANLL. Cytogenetic analysis was also carried out in these patients. Correlation analysis of leucocyte G6PD activity and karyotype with prognostic assessment clearly indicated the association of (s) high percentage of chromosomal abnormalities especially translocations, (b) low survival and remission rates, with patients having decreased G6PD activity when compared to patients with normal activity in ANLL. The studies indicate that leucocyte G6PD may be useful as a diagnostic and prognostic tool.
Subject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations , Chromosome Disorders , Female , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/blood , Humans , Karyotyping , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/enzymology , Leukocytes/enzymology , Male , Prognosis , Biomarkers, TumorABSTRACT
La actividad enzimática total de ß-galactosidasa (ß-gal), hexosaminidasa (hex) y fosfatasa ácida (Fac) fue determinada bioquímicamente, tanto en suero como en sobrenadantes de homogenatos celulares de sujetos normales y pacientes portadores de leucemias, empleándose sustratos paranitrofenilados específicos. La actividad de ß-gal en leucemias mieloides, tanto agudas (LMA-M1) como crónicas (LMC), sólo mostró un incremento significativo en sobrenadantes de homogenato celulares, respecto a los valores de neutrófilos normales. En leucemias linfoidales agudas (LLA), como crónicas (LLC), su comportamiento no ofreció variaciones. Tanto los sueros como los sobrenadantes de homogenatos celulares de LMA-M1 y LMC mostraron un franco incremento en la actividad de hex, mientras en LLA y LLC esta actividad no mostró variaciones. La actividad sérica de fosfatasa ácida estuvo incrementada en el 86% de las LMC. En los sobrenadantes de homogenatos celulares de LLA y LLC, esta actividad enzimática se mostró significativamente disminuida respecto de los valores de linfocitos normales. En los tres casos de LMA-M4 analizados, fue observado en el contenido celular niveles elevados de ß-gal, hex y Fac (lo que estaría correlacionado con la presencia de monocitos y/o monoblastos normales, con alto contenido de hidrolasas ácidas). Citoquímicamente fue demostrado en médula ósea y sangre periférica de pacientes con LMA-M1 una ligera o nula actividad de hex, en tanto que en LLA la reacción fue localizada asimétricamente en un polo celular o en gránulos citoplasmáticos. Los resultados encontrados demuestran una gran heterogeneidad en el contenido lisosomal de los diferentes tipos de leucemias