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1.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 39(2): 98-105, Apr.-June 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-904574

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Agonistic behaviors help to ensure survival, provide advantage in competition, and communicate social status. The resident-intruder paradigm, an animal model based on male intraspecific confrontations, can be an ethologically relevant tool to investigate the neurobiology of aggressive behavior. Objectives: To examine behavioral and neurobiological mechanisms of aggressive behavior in male Swiss mice exposed to repeated confrontations in the resident intruder paradigm. Methods: Behavioral analysis was performed in association with measurements of plasma corticosterone of mice repeatedly exposed to a potential rival nearby, but inaccessible (social instigation), or to 10 sessions of social instigation followed by direct aggressive encounters. Moreover, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) were measured in the brain of these animals. Control mice were exposed to neither social instigation nor aggressive confrontations. Results: Mice exposed to aggressive confrontations exhibited a similar pattern of species-typical aggressive and non-aggressive behaviors on the first and the last session. Moreover, in contrast to social instigation only, repeated aggressive confrontations promoted an increase in plasma corticosterone. After 10 aggressive confrontation sessions, mice presented a non-significant trend toward reducing hippocampal levels of CRF, which inversely correlated with plasma corticosterone levels. Conversely, repeated sessions of social instigation or aggressive confrontation did not alter BDNF concentrations at the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Conclusion: Exposure to repeated episodes of aggressive encounters did not promote habituation over time. Additionally, CRF seems to be involved in physiological responses to social stressors.


Resumo Introdução: Comportamentos agonísticos ajudam a garantir a sobrevivência, oferecem vantagem na competição e comunicam status social. O paradigma residente-intruso, modelo animal baseado em confrontos intraespecíficos entre machos, pode ser uma ferramenta etológica relevante para investigar a neurobiologia do comportamento agressivo. Objetivos: Analisar os mecanismos comportamentais e neurobiológicos do comportamento agressivo em camundongos Swiss machos expostos a confrontos repetidos no paradigma residente-intruso. Métodos: A análise comportamental foi realizada em associação com medidas de corticosterona plasmática em camundongos expostos repetidamente a um rival em potencial próximo, porém inacessível (instigação social), ou a 10 sessões de instigação social seguidas de encontros agressivos diretos. Além disso, o fator de liberação de corticotrofina (CRF) e o fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro (BNDF) foram medidos no encéfalo desses animais. Camundongos controles não foram expostos à instigação social ou confrontos agressivos. Resultados: Os camundongos expostos a confrontos agressivos exibiram um padrão semelhante de comportamentos agressivos e não agressivos típicos da espécie na primeira e na última sessão. Em contraste com instigação social apenas, confrontos agressivos repetidos promoveram aumento na corticosterona plasmática. Após 10 sessões de confrontos agressivos, os camundongos apresentaram uma tendência não significativa de redução dos níveis de CRF no hipocampo, que se correlacionaram inversamente com os níveis plasmáticos de corticosterona. Por outro lado, sessões repetidas de instigação social ou confronto agressivo não alteraram as concentrações de BDNF no córtex pré-frontal e hipocampo. Conclusão: A exposição a episódios repetidos de encontros agressivos não promoveu habituação ao longo do tempo. Adicionalmente, o CRF parece estar envolvido nas respostas fisiológicas aos estressores sociais.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Corticosterone/blood , Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism , Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism , Aggression/physiology , Limbic System/metabolism , Behavior, Animal/physiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Analysis of Variance , Habituation, Psychophysiologic/physiology , Housing, Animal , Mice
2.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 39(6): 785-790, June 2006. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-428278

ABSTRACT

Both the peripheral sympatho-adrenomedullary and central catecholaminergic systems are activated by various psycho-social and physical stressors. Catecholamine stores in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, adrenal glands, and heart auricles of long-term socially isolated (21 days) and control 3-month-old male Wistar rats, as well as their response to immobilization of all 4 limbs and head fixed for 2 h and cold stress (4°C, 2 h), were studied. A simultaneous single isotope radioenzymatic assay based on the conversion of catecholamines to the corresponding O-methylated derivatives by catechol-O-methyl-transferase in the presence of S-adenosyl-l-(³H-methyl)-methionine was used. The O-methylated derivatives were oxidized to ³H-vanilline and the radioactivity measured. Social isolation produced depletion of hypothalamic norepinephrine (about 18 percent) and hippocampal dopamine (about 20 percent) stores and no changes in peripheral tissues. Immobilization decreased catecholamine stores (approximately 39 percent) in central and peripheral tissues of control animals. However, in socially isolated rats, these reductions were observed only in the hippocampus and peripheral tissues. Cold did not affect hypothalamic catecholamine stores but reduced hippocampal dopamine (about 20 percent) as well as norepinephrine stores in peripheral tissues both in control and socially isolated rats, while epinephrine levels were unchanged. Thus, immobilization was more efficient in reducing catecholamine stores in control and chronically isolated rats compared to cold stress. The differences in rearing conditions appear to influence the response of adult animals to additional stress. In addition, the influence of previous exposure to a stressor on catecholaminergic activity in the brainstem depends on both the particular catecholaminergic area studied and the properties of additional acute stress. Therefore, the sensitivity of the catecholaminergic system to habituation appears to be tissue-specific.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Adrenal Glands/metabolism , Catecholamines/metabolism , Limbic System/metabolism , Social Isolation/psychology , Stress, Psychological/metabolism , Cold Temperature , Heart Atria/metabolism , Hippocampus/metabolism , Hypothalamus/metabolism , Rats, Wistar , Restraint, Physical , Time Factors
3.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 63(2a): 195-200, jun. 2005. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-403012

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Comparar dados de espectroscopia de prótons por ressonância magnética com clínicos e propor um estadiamento espectroscópico da doença de Alzheimer(DA).MÉTODO: Sujeitos (n=46), normais (12) e com DA (34), emparelhados por idade (CDR0-CDR3); diagnóstico de DA de acordo com os critérios DSM-IV/NINCDS-ADRDA; 1H-MRS com Signa Horizon LX-GE, 1.5T; voxel único em região hipocampal/RHC e área posterior do cíngulo/APC. RESULTADOS: Redução estatisticamente significativa (p<0.01) apenas de Naa/Cr - na RHC entre CDR0, CDR1+CDR2 e CDR3, e na APC entre CDR0 e CDR1+CDR2 em relação a CDR3. CONCLUSÃO: A RHC é a primeira a apresentar redução de Naa (CDR1). A APC é acometida mais tardiamente (CDR3). Esses valores declinam progressivamente de acordo com os estágios de gravidade. Considerando as disparidades entre a RHC e a APC é possível sugerir um estadiamento espectroscópico (metabólico) (MS) da DA como segue: MS0 (CDR0)=RHC e APC ambos normais, MS1-2 (CDR1-2)=RHC anormal e APC normal e MS3 (CDR3)=RHC e APC ambos anormais. Esses resultados permitem um diagnóstico precoce, o seguimento do processo degenerativo ao longo da evolução e sugerir um estadiamento espectroscópico relacionado aos estágios clínicos da DA.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis , Limbic System/metabolism , Analysis of Variance , Alzheimer Disease/metabolism , Alzheimer Disease/pathology , Aspartic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Aspartic Acid/metabolism , Case-Control Studies , Creatine/metabolism , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Severity of Illness Index
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