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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 29(1): 168-173, Mar. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-591970

ABSTRACT

El nervio pudendo distribuye ramos motores y sensitivos para la región perineal y órganos genitales externos. Tiene importancia funcional en la micción, defecación, erección y parto. Desde el punto de vista clínico, se realiza bloqueo anestésico del mismo en la práctica obstétrica, se electroestimula en casos de incontinencia fecal o urinaria, entre otros procedimientos. Investigaciones anatómicas han señalado que puede presentar variaciones en su conformación y topografía. Con el propósito de complementar el conocimiento sobre este nervio en su trayecto por la región glútea, se estudió su conformación, biometría y relaciones con los vasos pudendos internos y ligamentos adyacentes. Se disecaron 30 regiones glúteas de 15 cadáveres formolizados de individuos brasileños, adultos, de ambos sexos, observando la conformación del nervio, número de ramos, disposición respecto a los vasos pudendos internos y ligamentos sacrotuberoso y sacroespinoso, registrando también su ancho en el trayecto entre los forámenes isquiático mayor y menor. El nervio pudendo se presentó como tronco único en 53,3 por ciento de los casos y dividido en ramos en 46,7 por ciento (dos ramos en 36,7 por ciento, tres en 6,7 por ciento y cuatro en 3,3 por ciento). Cuando estaba dividido, en 36,7 por ciento los ramos permanecieron separados y en 10 por ciento se unieron antes de ingresar en el foramen isquiático menor. El nervio (único o dividido) fue medial a los vasos pudendo internos en 70 por ciento y lateral a ellos en 3,3 por ciento. En el 26,7 por ciento restante, estaba dividido en dos o tres ramos, que se situaban medial y lateralmente a los vasos o los cruzaban posteriormente. Su posición fue anterior al ligamento sacrotuberoso en 93,3 por ciento. El nervio pudendo presenta interesantes variaciones en su conformación y topografía, que deben ser consideradas durante los procedimientos clínicos y quirúrgicos que lo involucren.


The pudendal nerve distributes motor and sensory branches to the perineum and genital external organs. It has functional importance in the micturition, defecation, erection and labor. From the clinical point of view, anaesthetic blockade of the same one is realized in the obstetric practice, electroestimulation in cases of fecal or urinary incontinence, among other procedures. Anatomical investigations have indicated that it can present variations in its conformation and topography. The objective of this study was complete knowledge about this nerve in its course through the gluteal region, its conformation, biometry and its relationship with the internal pudendal vessels and adjacent ligaments were studied. We dissected 30 gluteal regions of 15 corpses fixed in formaldehyde 10 percent of Brazilian individuals, adult, of both sexes, observing the conformation of the nerve, number of branches, disposition with regard to the internal pudendal vessels and sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments, also recording its external diameter in the distance between greater sciatic foramen and lesser sciatic foramen. The pudendal nerve appeared as a single trunk in 53.3 percent of the cases and divided in branches in 46.7 percent (two branches in 36.7 percent, three in 6.7 percent and four in 3.3 percent). When it was divided, in 36,7 percent the branches remained separated and in 10 percent they joined before the lesser sciatic foramen. The nerve (single or divided) was medial to the internal pudendal vessels in 70 percent and lateral to them in 3.3 percent. In 26.7 percent, it was divided in two or three branches, which were located medially and laterally to these vessels or crossing posterior to them. Its position was anterior to the sacrotuberous ligament in 93.3 percent. The pudendal nerve presents interesting variations in its conformation and topography which must be considered during the clinical and surgical procedures.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Buttocks/anatomy & histology , Buttocks/innervation , Buttocks/blood supply , Cadaver , Lumbosacral Plexus/anatomy & histology , Lumbosacral Plexus/growth & development , Lumbosacral Plexus/blood supply
2.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 43(5): 620-628, 2006. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-467120

ABSTRACT

O mocó (Keredon rupestris), é um roedor da fauna silvestre brasileira, pertencente à família dos cavídeos, e da subfamília caviinae. No Brasil, o mocó já vem sendo criado em cativeiro com o objetivo de fornecer alimento, manter a espécie e proporcionar o desenvolvimento de pesquisas voltadas ao conhecimento mais aprofundado desta espécie. Nossa pesquisa visa conhecer a origem e os nervos resultantes do plexo lombossacral deste animal, fornecendo subsídios indispensáveis para o estudo da anatomia comparativa, especialmente dos mamíferos Silvestres. Foram utilizados 10 animais adultos de diferentes idades provenientes do Centro de Multiplicação de Animais Silvestres da ESAM (CEMAS-ESAM). Foram fixados em solução aquosa de formal a 10% durante 48 horas, realizou-se dissecação de cada antímero a fim de expor os nervos através da retirada dos músculos psoas maior e psoas menor, cujos resultados foram registrados através de desenhos esquemáticos e imagens fotografadas. Observaram-se variações no número de vértebras lombares e sacrais destes animais, alterando a relação entre os nervos que dão origem ao plexo lombossacral que apresentou três tipos diferentes de constituição. As raízes ventrais originando-se a partir dos três últimos nervos lombares e dos três primeiros nervos sacrais correspondeu a 80% dos exemplares estudados, onde o tipo II (Lsubscrito5,Lsubscrito6Lsubscrito7,Ssubscrito1,Ssubscrito2 e Ssubscrito3). foi o mais comumente encontrado (50%) das amostras. Os nervos considerados originários do plexo foram o Femoral, obturatório, isquiático, glúteo cranial, glúteo caudal e pudendo.


Rock cavy (Kerondon rupestris) is a rodent of the Brazilian wild fauna, belonging to the cavied family, and to the caviinae under family. In Brazil, this animal is already been raised in captivity with the aim of food supply, to preserve the species and to offer subsidy to the research development concerning to the deeper knowledge of these species. To know the origin and the nerves of the rock cavy (Keredon rupestris) lumbar sacral plexus, supplying indispensable subsidies for the study of the comparative anatomy, especially of the wild mammals, we intended to accomplish this research. Ten adult animals of different ages from the Wild Animals Multiplication Center (CEMAS) of the Superior School of Agriculture of Mossoró (ESAM) were used. The segments were fastened in 10% aqueous solution of formal for 48 hours, followed by dissection in order to expose the nerves by the retreat of the muscles, psoas major and psoas minor, and the results were registered by schematic drawings and photographed images. Differences were observed in the number of lumbar and sacral vertebrae of these animals. The lumbar sacral Plexus presented their ventral roots starting from the last three lumbar nerves and from the first three sacral nerves, corresponding to 80% of the studied animals. The type II (Lsubscript5,Lsubscript6,Lsubscript7,Ssubscript1,Ssubscript2 e Ssubscript3) was the most commonly found (50%) of the between samples. Considered nerves, originated in the plexus, were: femoral, obturatory, ischiatic, cranial gluteus, caudal gluteus and pudendus.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Animals, Wild/anatomy & histology , Lumbosacral Plexus/anatomy & histology , Lumbosacral Plexus/growth & development , Rodentia/anatomy & histology
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