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1.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 68(4): 396-399, July-Aug. 2018.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-958311

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background and objectives The quadratus lumborum block was initially described in 2007 and aims at blocking the same nerves as the ones involved on the Transverse Abdominis Plane block, while accomplishing some visceral enervation as well due to closer proximity with the neuroaxis and sympathetic trunk. Given its versatility, we have successfully used it in a wide range of procedures. We report two cases where we believe the dispersion of local anesthetic is likely to have led to a previously undescribed complication. Clinical reports We report two cases in which we performed a quadratus lumborum type II block and general anesthesia for total gastrectomy and right hemicolectomy. There were no noteworthy events while performing the block and inducing general anesthesia, but within 30-40 min serious hypotension and tachycardia were noted. As other motives for hypotension were ruled out, the event was interpreted as block-induced sympatholysis due to cephalad dispersion of the local anesthetic to the paravertebral and epidural space, and successfully managed with ephedrine and increase of the crystalloid infusion rate. Conclusions The quadratus Lumborum block is safe to execute and provides effective abdominal wall and visceral analgesia. However, the possibility of eliciting undesired episodes should prompt caution when performing this block and practitioners should thereafter remain vigilant. Questions regarding ideal dosing, volumes, timing of block and pertinence of catheters remain to be answered.


Resumo Justificativa e objetivos O bloqueio do quadrado lombar foi primeiramente descrito em 2007 e tem como objetivo o bloqueio dos mesmos nervos envolvidos no bloqueio do plano transverso abdominal, ao atingir algumas inervações viscerais, bem como devido à maior proximidade com o neuroeixo e cadeia simpática. Dada a sua versatilidade, temos usado esse bloqueio com sucesso em uma grande variedade de procedimentos. Relatamos dois casos nos quais acreditamos que a dispersão do anestésico local pode ter levado a uma complicação não descrita previamente. Relatos clínicos Relatamos dois casos nos quais realizamos o bloqueio do quadrado lombar tipo II e anestesia geral para gastrectomia total e hemicolectomia direita. Não houve eventos notáveis durante o bloqueio e a indução da anestesia geral, mas, dentro de 30 a 40 minutos, observamos grave hipotensão e taquicardia. Como outros motivos para a hipotensão foram descartados, o evento foi interpretado como simpatólise induzida pelo bloqueio devido à dispersão cefálica do anestésico local para os espaços paravertebral e epidural e tratado com sucesso com efedrina e aumento da taxa de infusão de cristaloides. Conclusões O bloqueio do quadrado lombar oferece segurança na execução e fornece analgesia eficaz à parede abdominal e vísceras. Porém, a possibilidade de provocar episódios indesejáveis requer cautela em sua execução e, por conseguinte, os médicos precisam estar atentos. As questões relacionadas à dosagem ideal, aos volumes, ao tempo de bloqueio e à pertinência dos cateteres permanecem indefinidas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aged , Peripheral Nerves , Anesthesia, Conduction , Lumbosacral Region/innervation , Nerve Block , Pain , Ultrasonics
2.
Korean Journal of Radiology ; : 357-362, 2015.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-183056

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To estimate and compare radiation exposure during transforaminal fluoroscopy-guided epidural steroid injection (TFESI) at different vertebral levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fluoroscopy-guided TFESI was performed in 181 patients. The patients were categorized into three groups according to the injected lumbosacral nerve level of L2-4, L5, or S1. Fluoroscopy time (FT) and dose area product (DAP) were recorded for all patients; correlations between FT and DAP were determined at each level, and both FT and DAP were compared between the different vertebral levels. RESULTS: The numbers of patients who received ESI at L2-4, L5, and S1 were 29, 123, and 29. Mean FT was 44 seconds at L2-4, 33.5 seconds at L5, and 37.7 seconds at S1. Mean DAP was 138.6 microGy.m2 at L2-4, 100.6 microGy.m2 at L5, and 72.1 microGy.m2 at S1. FT and DAP were positively correlated in each group (p values < 0.001). FT was significantly shorter at L5 than that at L2-4 (p = 0.004) but was not significantly different between S1 and L2-4 or L5 (p values = 0.286 and 0.532, respectively). DAP was significantly smaller at L5 and S1 than that at L2-4, but L5 and S1 were not significantly different. After correcting for FT, DAP was significantly smaller at S1 than that at either L2-4 or L5 (p values = 0.001 and 0.010). CONCLUSION: The radiation dose was small during a single procedure of ESI and showed differences between different lumbosacral spine levels.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Fluoroscopy/methods , Injections, Epidural , Low Back Pain/drug therapy , Lumbosacral Region/innervation , Radiation Dosage
3.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 69(4): 666-669, Aug. 2011. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-596834

ABSTRACT

Lesions of lumbar plexus are uncommon and descriptions of surgical access are derived from vertebral spine approaches. METHOD: The extraperitoneal anterolateral approach to the lumbar plexus was performed in six adult fresh cadavers. The difficulties on dissection were related. RESULTS: An exposure of all distal elements of lumbar plexus was possible, but a cranial extension of the incision was needed to reach the iliohypogastric nerve in all cases. Ligation of vessels derived from common iliac artery was necessary for genitofemoral and obturator nerves exposure in two cases. The most proximal part of the lumbar roots could be identified only after dissection and clipping of most lumbar vessels. CONCLUSION: The extraperitoneal anterolateral approach allows appropriate exposure of terminal nerves of lumbar plexus laterallly to psoas major muscle. Cranial extension of the cutaneous incision may be necessary for exposure of iliohypogastric nerve. Roots exposure increases the risk of vascular damage.


As lesões do plexo lombar são incomuns e as descrições dos acessos cirúrgicos são derivadas de vias de acesso à coluna vertebral. MÉTODO: A via extraperitoneal anterolateral foi realizada em seis cadáveres para o acesso ao plexo lombar. Eventuais dificuldades na dissecção foram relatadas. RESULTADOS: Tal acesso permitiu a exposição dos elementos distais do plexo lombar, mas uma extensão cranial da incisão foi necessária para a exposição do nervo iliohipogástrico. Para a exposição dos nervos genitofemoral e obturador houve a necessidade da ligadura de vasos originados da artéria ilíaca comum em 2 casos. As raízes foram identificadas somente após dissecção e ligadura dos vasos lombares. CONCLUSÃO: O acesso anterolateral extraperitoneal permite uma exposição adequada dos nervos terminais do plexo lombar lateralmente ao músculo psoas maior. Uma extensão cranial da incisão pode ser necessária para exposição do nervo iliohipogástrico. A exposição das raízes implica em maior risco de lesão vascular.


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Middle Aged , Lumbosacral Plexus/anatomy & histology , Cadaver , Lumbosacral Region/anatomy & histology , Lumbosacral Region/innervation , Lumbosacral Region/surgery , Psoas Muscles/innervation , Psoas Muscles/surgery
4.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 46(5): 404-411, 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-538434

ABSTRACT

Objetivando descrever a inervação originada a partir dos ramos ventrais lombares e sacrais, fez-se um estudo, mediante a dissecação de dois exemplares de lobos-marinhos (Arctocephalus australis), oriundos do CRAM-FURG, onde chegaram em óbito. As estruturas nervosas constituintes dos plexos lombar e sacral possuem origem dos ramos ventrais dos nervos espinhais que formam-se dos segmentos medulares L1 a S3. Assim, pode-se observar que, os formados dos segmentos L1 a L3 são unissegmentares, sendo respectivamente os nervos Ílio-hipogástrico e Ílio-inguinal e Cutâneo Femoral Lateral. Da união dos segmentos L3-L4 surgem os nervos Genito-femoral, Obturatório e Femoral. Da confluência dos segmentos L4-5-S1 forma-se um tronco nervoso, o plexo isquiático, que emite os nervos: Glúteos Cranial e Caudal, Cutâneo Femoral Caudal e Isquiático. O nervo Isquiático ramifica-se em Cutâneos Surais Lateral e Caudal, Tibial, Fibular Comum. O nervo Pudendo (divide-se nos nervos dorsal do pênis ou clitóris e perineais superficial e profundo) e Retal Caudal têm origem dos segmentos S2-3. Com base nestes dados podemos inferir que a inervação lombar e sacral têm origem similar a outras espécies de mamíferos, contudo sua organização e distribuição refletem as modificações adaptativas aos hábitos destes animais, principalmente a locomoção em meio aquático.


In order to describe the innervation originated from ventral lumbar and sacral branches, a study was made through dissection of two specimens of south american fur seals (Arctocephalus australis), originated from CRAM-FURG, where they arrived deceased. The nervous structures that constitute the lumbar and sacral plexes are originated from ventral branches of spinal nerves which come from medullary segments L1 to S3. Thus, one can observe that the nerves originated form L1 to L3 are monosegmentary, being respectively iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal and lateral femoral cutaneous nerves. From the reunion of L3 and L4 segments arise genitofemoral, obturator and femoral nerves. From the confluence of segments L4-5-S1 arises a nervous trunk – the sciatic plexus, which gives the following nerves: cranial and caudal gluteal, caudal femoral cutaneous and sciatic. Sciatic nerve splits into lateral and caudal sural cutaneous, tibial, common peroneal. Pudendal nerve (which divides into dorsal nerve of the penis or clitoris, deep and superficial perineal) and caudal rectal are formed from the S2-3 segments. With these data, one can conclude that the lumbar and sacral innervation have similar origin to other mammal species, however its organization and distribution reflect the adaptative changes to this animals’ habits, specially its locomotionin water.


Subject(s)
Animals , Fur Seals/anatomy & histology , Lumbosacral Region/innervation , Sacrococcygeal Region/innervation
5.
Gac. méd. boliv ; 19(1): 11-4, 1995. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-202090

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 62 anos, diagnosticado de estenosis degenerativa del canal lumbar, tratado quirurgicamente mediante la tecnica del recalibrado con buen resultado del tratamiento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Laminectomy , Lumbosacral Region/innervation , Spinal Stenosis/surgery , Nerve Crush/adverse effects , Nerve Crush/rehabilitation , Nerve Endings/abnormalities , Radiography , Spinal Nerves/abnormalities
6.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 26(4): 101-4, abr. 1991. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-96070

ABSTRACT

Os autores analisam 48 casos de lombalgia do compartimento posterior, causada pelo estiramento agudo do ligamento iliotransverso, ou por pequenos estiramentos, porém constantes. Fazem consideraçöes sobre o aspecto anatomofisiológico dessa patologia e relatam os resultados com o uso de xilocaína e metilprednisolona e as medidas básicas para a profilaxia de novos surtos dolorosos


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Male , Female , Ligaments/pathology , Low Back Pain/etiology , Lumbosacral Region/innervation , Compartment Syndromes/etiology , Lidocaine/therapeutic use , Low Back Pain/therapy , Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use
7.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Fac. Med. Univ. Säo Paulo ; 41(2): 80-3, mar.-abr. 1986. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-36943

ABSTRACT

Analisa-se a impôrtancia do ângulo lombo-sacro, nas lombalgias do compartimento posterior em 80 indivíduos. Considerados os valores referidos por Ferguson e Kapandji conclui-se pela importância do aumento do ângulo lombo-sacro como fator colaborador das lombalgias do compartimento posterior


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Compartment Syndromes/etiology , Lumbosacral Region/innervation , Back Pain/drug therapy , Compartment Syndromes/diagnosis , Lidocaine/therapeutic use
8.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 20(7): 287-90, nov.-dez. 1985. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-32391

ABSTRACT

Procura-se através da inervaçäo da coluna lombossacra, localizar a sede da lombalgia. Com auxílio do bloqueio do nervo primário posterior, pela infiltraçäo de soluçäo de lidocaína a 2%, conclue-se que os elementos do compartimento posterior inervados por esse nervo säo sedes freqüentes da lombalgia


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Lidocaine/administration & dosage , Low Back Pain , Nerve Block , Lumbosacral Region/innervation
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