ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the heterogeneity of biomedical waste (BW) using Nightingale charts. METHOD: cross-sectional study consisting of data collection on wastes (direct observation of receptacles, physical characterisation, and gravimetric composition), development of a Management Information System, and creation of statistical charts. RESULTS: the wastes with the greatest degree of heterogeneity are, in order, recyclable, infectious, and organic wastes; chemical waste had the most efficient segregation; Nightingale charts are useful for quick visualisation and systematisation of information on heterogeneity. CONCLUSION: the development of a management information system and the use of Nightingale charts allows for the identification and correction of errors in waste segregation, which increase health risks and contamination by infectious and chemical wastes and reduce the sale and profit from recyclables. .
OBJETIVO: avaliar a heterogeneidade dos Resíduos de Serviço de Saúde por meio da aplicação de gráficos nightingaleanos. MÉTODO: estudo transversal, que consiste na coleta de dados sobre resíduos (observação direta dos locais de armazenamento, caracterização física e composição gravimétrica), desenvolvimento de um Sistema de Informação Gerencial e construção de gráficos estatísticos. RESULTADOS: os resíduos que apresentam maior grau de heterogeneidade são os recicláveis, infectantes e orgânicos, respectivamente; o resíduo químico atingiu maior eficiência na segregação; os gráficos nightingaleanos são úteis na visualização rápida e na sistematização das informações sobre a heterogeneidade. CONCLUSÃO: o desenvolvimento de um sistema de informação gerencial e a utilização dos gráficos nigthingaleanos permite identificar e corrigir erros na segregação dos resíduos que impactam tanto no aumento de riscos à saúde e de contaminação por resíduos infectantes e químicos como na redução da comercialização e receita com os recicláveis. .
OBJETIVO: evaluar la heterogeneidad de los residuos sanitarios (RS) usando gráficos Nightingale. MÉTODO: estudio transversal que consiste en la recopilación de datos sobre los residuos (observación directa de los recipientes, caracterización física y composición gravimétrica), desarrollo de un Sistema de Información para la Gestión y creación de gráficos estadísticos. RESULTADOS: los residuos con el mayor grado de heterogeneidad son los reciclables, infecciosos, y los residuos orgánicos, respectivamente; la segregación de los residuos químicos fue la más eficiente; los gráficos Nightingale son útiles para la visualización rápida y sistematización de la información sobre la heterogeneidad. CONCLUSIÓN: el desarrollo de un sistema de información para la gestión y el uso de gráficos Nightingale permiten la identificación y corrección de errores en la separación de los residuos; dichos errores aumentan los riesgos de salud y la contaminación por residuos infecciosos y químicos, y reducen la venta y beneficio obtenible de los materiales reciclables. .
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Glycerides/poisoning , Medication Errors , Solvents/poisoning , Caprylates , Embolism, Fat/chemically induced , Glycerides/administration & dosage , Glycerides/analysis , Infusions, Intravenous , Lung/analysis , Lung/pathology , Pulmonary Embolism/chemically induced , Solvents/administration & dosage , Solvents/analysisABSTRACT
Se presentan 3 pacientes con tetralogía de Fallot y agenesia de sigmonoides pulmonares correspondiente al grupo II (sin gran dilatación del tronco de la arteria pulmonar y con capacidad fucional entre I y III de la clasificación de la New York Heart Association) (NYHA) cuyas edades fueron 2, 12 y 27 años. Se les realizó cirugía electiva a la niña de 12 años(cierre de comunicación interventricular y liberación de la estenosis infundibuloanular con parche de dacrón); se decidió no hacer reconstrucción por el momento al otro niño por su corta edad y al paciente adulto no aceptó la intervención quirúrgica
Subject(s)
Lung/analysis , Tetralogy of FallotSubject(s)
Rats , Animals , Dust/adverse effects , Coal , Lung/pathology , Chile , Dust/analysis , Coal Mining , Lung/analysisSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Body Water/analysis , Cardiopulmonary Bypass/adverse effects , Lung/ultrastructure , Pulmonary Edema/etiology , Hemodynamics , Indicator Dilution Techniques , Myocardial Revascularization , Oxygenators/adverse effects , Lung/analysis , Pulmonary Edema/diagnosis , Water-Electrolyte BalanceABSTRACT
Effect of isoniazid (INH) and its metabolites e.g. mono and diacetyl hydrazines (MAH and DAH respectively) was studied on circulating and tissue folates in mice (a species susceptible to INH tumorigenicity) and rats (a species resistant to INH carcinogenicity). It was observed that ip injection of INH, MAH and mydrazine sulfate (HS, 0.18 mg/g) decreased blood folates in mice while only HS and MAH decreased blood folates in rats. DAH had no effect on blood folates of mice or rats. Long term feeding of MAH and HS to mice decreased blood folates in treated mice at the age of 17 and 22 months respectively.
Subject(s)
Animals , Folic Acid/analysis , Hydrazines/pharmacology , Isoniazid/pharmacology , Liver/analysis , Lung/analysis , Mice , Mice, Inbred Strains , Mycobacterium/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Inbred StrainsABSTRACT
En 23 neonatos de pretérmino se estudió prospectivamente la relación existente entre el perfil de los fosfolípidos pulmonares (relación L/E y FG) y el pH de sangre de cordón y la aparición y gravedad del síndrome de dificuldad respiratoria (SDR). Los fosfolípidos pulmonares se determinaron a partir de muestras tomadas al nacimiento por medio de la técnica de cromatografía bidimensional en capa fina. En los neonatos con depleción de fosfolípidos (relación L/E menor de 2 y/o FG negativo) se produjo SDR en todos los casos. En cambio, en presencia de una relación L/E mayor de 2 (13 casos) aconteció SDR en 8 neonatos y entre los 9 neonatos con FG positivo hubo 5 casos de SDR. Entre los neonatos con perfil de fosfolípidos maduro los que presentaron SDR tuvieron un pH de cordón más hajo (7,14 + ou - 0,15) que el observado en los casos sin SDR (7,26 + ou - 0,10). No hubo relación entre la magnitud de la inmadurez pulmonar estimada por el perfil de fosfolípidos y la gravedad del SDR. En cambio, el pH de cordón fue significativamente más hajo (p menor de 0,01) en los neonatos que requieron ARM (7,06 + ou - 0,11) comparando al observado en los casos de SDR tratados sólo con aumento de la FiO2 (7,28 + ou - 0,07)
Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Humans , Male , Female , Asphyxia Neonatorum/complications , Fetal Blood/analysis , Phospholipids/analysis , Lung/analysis , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/etiologyABSTRACT
5-Hydroxytryptamine and histamine were estimated in lungs, liver, spleen and adrenals of chicken. A substantial amount of both the amines was found in all the organs. The highest level of both the amines was found in adrenals followed by spleen, lungs and liver. The level of 5-hydroxytryptamine was, however, higher than histamine in all the tissues except adrenals.
Subject(s)
Adrenal Glands/analysis , Animals , Chickens/metabolism , Female , Histamine/analysis , Liver/analysis , Lung/analysis , Male , Myocardium/analysis , Serotonin/analysis , Spleen/analysisABSTRACT
On the lining of alveolar membrane of the lung presence of surfactant, a surface tension lowering agent which is a phospholipid in nature, is well established. A good correlation exists between pulmonary lecithin, the principle constituent of surfactant system and alveolar stability. The production of surface active material in the type II cells is oxygen dependent and is affected by hypoxia. The chemical and physical nature of the surfactant in the lungs of the rats raised at high altitude has been studied in comparison with that of sea level control. Eighteen male adult rats raised at high altitude (3520 m) were used. Phospholipids (Phosphatidyl Choline, Phosphatidyl ethanolamine, Lysophosphatidyl choline, Lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine and Sphingomyelin) were estimated by thin layer chromatography, stability index by Pattle's bubble technique and dynamic surface tension have also been studied to assess the surfactant activity of the lung. The results indicate that there was a decrease in lung surfactant as measured by chemical analysis. However, stability ratio measurements showed that there was very little change in the stability ratio (Sr) as the value of both groups lay in the normal range namely 0.6 to 0.9 hence the lungs of high altitude raised rats had normal alveolar stability. Surface tension values of alveolar lavage in altitude raised animals were also similar to those of normal rats. It is concluded that the rats raised at altitude show a lowering of surfactant as estimated chemically but the stability ratio is not significantly altered to indicate alveolar instability. In the altitude rats lesser quantum of surfactant is adequate to maintain alveolar stability.
Subject(s)
Altitude , Animals , Lipids/analysis , Lung/analysis , Male , Phospholipids/analysis , Pulmonary Alveoli/physiology , Pulmonary Surfactants/analysis , Rats , Surface TensionSubject(s)
Amino Acids/analysis , Animals , Asbestos/pharmacology , Female , Guinea Pigs , Liver/analysis , Lung/analysisABSTRACT
A study has been carried out to examine the role of pulmonary surfactants in pulmonary oedema induced by head injury. Pulmonary oedema was induced by head injury in mice by the method of Mackay (5). There was no change in surface tension as well as total phospholipid concentration of the lung between control and test groups suggesting that there was no involvement of lung surfactant sytem in pulmonary oedema induced by head injury. Since the animals in the test group died within a few minutes, possibly there may not have been sufficient time for alteration of lung surfactant system.