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1.
Rev. medica electron ; 43(2): 3257-3269, mar.-abr. 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1251943

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Se reportó el caso de un paciente con maculopatía en ojo de buey, asociada al uso de cloroquina. El uso de cloroquina en patologías reumatológicas puede provocar daño retinal relacionado con la dosis y el tiempo de evolución del tratamiento. Puede provocar desde afectación visual leve hasta daño irreversible de la visión, lo que depende del tiempo en que se realice el diagnóstico. Se presentó una paciente de 72 años, con diagnóstico de artritis reumatoide desde hace 21 años y tratamiento con cloroquina desde hace 15. Acudió a consulta con disminución de la visión lenta y progresiva bilateral. En el examen oftalmológico de fondo de ojo se diagnosticó maculopatía en ojo de buey. Este diagnóstico se confirmó por estudios de autofluorescencia y por la tomografía de coherencia óptica (AU).


ABSTRACT A case is reported of a patient with maculopathy in bulls' eye associated to the use of chloroquine. The use of chloroquine associated with rheumatologic diseases can cause retinal damage related to the dose and the time of treatment evolution. It can cause from mild visual impairment to irreversible vision damage depending on the time the diagnosis is made. A 72-year-old female patient is presented with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis for 21 years and treatment with chloroquine for 15 years. She assisted the consultation with a slow and progressive bilateral vision decrease; at the ophthalmological examination of the fundus a maculopathy in bull's eye was diagnosed, later confirmed by auto fluorescence and optical coherence tomography studies (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Adonis/drug effects , Macular Degeneration/diagnosis , Blindness/chemically induced , Adonis/toxicity , Macular Degeneration/complications , Macular Degeneration/pathology
2.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 56: e18484, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1132064

ABSTRACT

Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting vasculature. Uncontrolled angiogenesis is associated with progression of several ocular pathologies, such as diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration. Thus, the inhibition of this process consists in an interesting therapeutic target. Corosolic acid (CA) is a natural derivative of ursolic acid, found in many medicinal herbs and exhibits numerous biological properties, including the antiangiogenic activity. The present study reports the production of CA-loaded poly d,l-lactidecoglycolide acid (PLGA) devices by melt technique. HPLC-UV method was developed and validated to evaluate the uniformity and the release profile of the developed systems. The devices were also characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and scanning electron morphology. It was studied the antiangiogenic activity of the CA-polymer system, using an in vivo model, the chorioallantoic membrane assay (CAM). CA was dispersed uniformly in the polymer matrix and no chemical interaction between the components of the formulation was verified. The implants presented a sustained release of the drug, which was confirmed by the morphological study and demonstrated an antiangiogenic activity. Therefore, the developed delivery system is a promising therapeutic tool for the treatment of ocular diseases associated with neovascularization or others related to the angiogenic process.


Subject(s)
Chorioallantoic Membrane/abnormalities , Macular Degeneration/pathology , Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology , Polymers , Ultraviolet Rays/classification , Pharmaceutical Preparations/analysis , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared/methods , Diabetic Retinopathy
3.
Medwave ; 20(8): e8024, 2020.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1128871

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La degeneración macular asociada a la edad es la principal causa de ceguera en personas mayores en el mundo. El tratamiento más eficaz consiste en inyecciones intravítreas de fármacos anti factor del crecimiento vascular endotelial (anti-VEGF). Sin embargo, no existe consenso sobre su frecuencia de administración, siendo pro re nata y treat and extend los protocolos más utilizados, pero existe controversia sobre su efectividad. MÉTODOS: Realizamos una búsqueda en Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante el cribado de múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, analizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un meta análisis y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: Identificamos dos revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyeron dos estudios primarios, ambos observacionales. Concluimos que no es posible establecer con claridad si el protocolo treat and extend en comparación a pro re nata es superior en términos de ganancia visual, disminución del grosor de la retina, número de inyecciones ni en el desarrollo de efectos adversos serios a los 12 meses, debido a que la certeza de la evidencia existente es muy baja.


INTRODUCTION: Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in older people in the world. One of the most effective treat-ments consists of injection intravitreal of anti-endothelial vascular growth factor (anti-VEGF) drugs. However, there is no con-sensus on their frequency of administration, being the treat and extend and the pro re nata the most commonly used regimens, but there is still controversy regarding their effectiveness. METHODS: We searched in Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We identified two systematic reviews that together included two primary studies, both observational studies. We concluded that we are uncertain whether the treat and extend regimen is superior in terms of visual gain, decrease in retinal thickness, number of injections and serious adverse effects at 12 months in comparison with the pro re nata regimen, because the certainty of the existing evidence has been assessed as very low.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors , Macular Degeneration/drug therapy , Drug Administration Schedule , Visual Acuity/drug effects , Databases, Factual , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology , Intravitreal Injections , Macular Degeneration/pathology
4.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 82(3): 225-232, May-June 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001296

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To study the efficacy and safety of treatments with ranibizumab and bevacizumab for exudative age-related macular degeneration. Methods: A parallel randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of three regimens (bevacizumab every month, bevacizumab every 2 weeks, and ranibizumab every month), followed by as-needed retreatments, for 1 year, in previously untreated individuals with age-related macular degeneration. The primary outcome was change in visual acuity and in central macular thickness after 1 year of follow-up. Subjects were assigned randomly to one of the three groups in a 1:1:1 ratio, and investigators and examiners were blinded to the randomization results. Results: We included 15 patients in each group. After 1 year of follow-up, we found statistically significant improvements in visual acuity and central macular thickness reduction in all groups. However, we found no statistically significant differences between the three groups. Conclusions: The bi-weekly follow-up was effective and we found no significant differences in efficacy or safety between the treatments with ranibizumab and bevacizumab.


RESUMO Objetivo: Estudar a eficácia e segurança dos tratamentos com ranibizumabe e bevacizumabe para a degeneração macular relacionada à idade exsudativa. Métodos: Ensaio clínico paralelo randomizado foi conduzido para comparar a eficácia e segurança de três regimes (bevacizumabe a cada mês, bevacizumabe a cada 2 semanas e ranibizumabe todos os meses), seguidos por retratamentos conforme necessidade, durante 1 ano, em indivíduos previamente não tratados com degeneração macular relacionada à idade. O desfecho primário foi alteração na acuidade visual e na espessura macular central após um ano de seguimento. Os indivíduos foram designados aleatoriamente para um dos 3 grupos em uma proporção de 1:1:1, e os investigadores e examinadores foram mascarados para os resultados da randomização. Resultados: Foram incluídos 15 pacientes em cada grupo. Após um ano de seguimento, encontramos melhorias estatisticamente significativas na acuidade visual e na redução da espessura macular central em todos os grupos. No entanto, não encontramos diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os 3 grupos. Conclusões: O seguimento quinzenal foi eficaz e não encontramos diferenças significativas na eficácia ou segurança entre os tratamentos com bevacizumabe e ranibizumabe.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors , Bevacizumab/administration & dosage , Ranibizumab/administration & dosage , Macular Degeneration/drug therapy , Time Factors , Visual Acuity/drug effects , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment Outcome , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Intravitreal Injections , Macula Lutea/pathology , Macula Lutea/diagnostic imaging , Macular Degeneration/pathology , Macular Degeneration/diagnostic imaging
5.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 82(2): 158-160, Mar.-Apr. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-989393

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT - This report presents three patients diagnosed with macular dystrophies with variants in PRPH2. Peripherin-2, the protein of this gene, is important in the morphogenesis and stabilization of the photoreceptor outer segment. Peripherin-2 deficiencies cause cellular apoptosis. Moreover, pathogenic variants in PRPH2 are associated with various diseases, such as pattern, butterfly-shaped pattern, central areolar, adult-onset vitelliform macular, and cone-rod dystrophies as well as retinitis pigmentosa, retinitis punctata albescens, Leber congenital amaurosis, fundus flavimaculatus, and Stargardt disease.


RESUMO - Este relato apresenta três pacientes com diagnóstico de distrofias maculares com mutações no PRPH2. Periferina 2, a proteína deste gene, é importante na morfogênese e estabilização do segmento externo dos fotorreceptores. Deficiências de periferina 2 causam apoptose celular. Além disso, variantes patogênicas no PRPH2 estão relacionadas a diferentes doenças, como distrofia padrão, distrofia padrão em asa de borboleta, distrofia central areolar, distrofia viteliforme do adulto, retinose pigmentar, distrofia de cones e bastonetes, retinite punctata albscens, amaurose congênita de Leber, fundus flavimaculatus e doença de Stargardt.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Retinal Dystrophies/genetics , Retinal Dystrophies/diagnostic imaging , Peripherins/genetics , Macular Degeneration/genetics , Macular Degeneration/diagnostic imaging , Mutation , Fluorescein Angiography/methods , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Retinal Dystrophies/pathology , Macular Degeneration/pathology
6.
Rev. cuba. oftalmol ; 29(3): 482-491, jul.-set. 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-830483

ABSTRACT

Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de ampliar el conocimiento sobre la maculopatía relacionada con la foseta del nervio óptico, su fisiopatología, así como sus principales manifestaciones, diagnóstico clínico, angiográfico y por tomografía de coherencia óptica, y describir algunos de los tratamientos que se han utilizado recientemente a nivel mundial. Se tuvieron en cuenta las tendencias actuales de tratamiento. Se consultaron fundamentalmente artículos científicos de revistas publicados en las bases de datos PubMED y Cochrane, así como textos básicos que abordan este tema en los últimos 5 años, a través de Google como motor de búsqueda. A pesar de que se trata de una enfermedad infrecuente, su manejo suele resultar difícil, especialmente cuando existe afectación macular. En nuestro trabajo constatamos que la mayoría de los estudios utilizan muestras pequeñas, son retrospectivos, no comparativos y no ramdomizados. Sin embargo, se encontraron modalidades de tratamiento que han sido utilizadas por años y más recientemente descripciones de nuevas técnicas que requerirán futuros estudios. No existe un consenso sobre un protocolo ideal de tratamiento para esta entidad(AU)


A literature review was made to expand knowledge on the optic nerve head pit-related maculopathy, its physiopathology and main manifestations, clinical and angiographic diagnosis, optical coherence tomography, and to describe some of the treatments recently used worldwide. The current therapeutic tendencies were taken into account. The fundamental sources of information were scientific articles from journals in PubMED and Cochrane databases as well as basic texts which dealt with this topic in the last five years through Google search engine. Despite the rare occurrence of the disease, its management may be difficult particularly in macular effect cases. This paper confirmed that most of the studies used small samples, were retrospective, non-comparative and non-randomized. However, some therapeutic modalities were found, which have been used for years and also descriptions of new techniques that require further research. There is no consensus on the ideal treatment protocol for this disease(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Databases, Bibliographic/statistics & numerical data , Macular Degeneration/pathology , Optic Nerve/abnormalities , Review Literature as Topic , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods
7.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 79(1): 4-8, Jan.-Feb. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-771903

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To assess whether hyaloid adhesion is more prevalent in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) than in control patients and to evaluate whether it is more prevalent in exudative AMD than in non-exudative AMD. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, controlled analytical study. Patients from the Ophthalmology Department of the Public Service Hospital of the State of São Paulo were included if they were diagnosed with AMD that was confirmed by fundus biomicroscopy and fluorescein angiography. Patients were divided into three groups: patients without a vitreoretinal disease (controls), patients with exudative AMD, and patients with non-exudative AMD. For the optimal study of the vitreoretinal interface, all patients were subjected to spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT; Cirrus HD-OCT, version 4000; Carl Zeiss Meditec) and ultrasonography (UltraScan®, Alcon). Results with p values of ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: We assessed 75 eyes of 23 patients with AMD (14 women and nine men) and 15 the control patients (11 women and four men). In total, 33 eyes had AMD that was consistent with the inclusion criteria, of which 11 had the non-exudative form (non-atrophic) and 22 had the exudative form (11 active and 11 disciform scars). Adherence was observed in eight eyes in the control group (26.67%), in seven eyes with exudative AMD (31.82%), and in five eyes with non-exudative AMD (45.45%). Conclusion: Patients with exudative and non-exudative forms of AMD did not present with higher vitreoretinal adhesion than control patients as assessed by SD-OCT and ultrasound. Moreover, patients with exudative AMD (neovascular membrane and disciform scar) did not reveal a higher adherence than those with non-exudative AMD when evaluated by the same methods.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar se a adesão hialoidea é mais prevalente em pacientes com degeneração macular relacionada a idade (DMRI) (exsudativa e não exsudativa) comparado ao grupo controle e avaliar se a prevalência é maior na forma exsudativa comparada a forma não exsudativa. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, analítico, de grupo controle, com os pacientes atendidos no Departamento de Retina do Serviço de Oftalmologia do Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo (HSPE), que tiveram o diagnóstico de DMRI confirmado após a biomicroscopia de fundo e angiofluoresceinografia. Os pacientes foram divididos em três grupos, um composto por pacientes sem doenças vitreorretinianas (30 olhos), outro pacientes com DMRI exsudativa (22 olhos) e o terceiro grupo por pacientes com DMRI não exsudativa (11 olhos). Para melhor estudo da interface vitreorretiniana, todos os pacientes foram submetidos aos exames de SD-TCO (Cirrus HD-TCO, versão 4000; Carl Zeeis Meditec) e ultrassonografia (UltraScan®, Alcon). Foram considerados significativos os resultados com valor de p≤0,05. Resultados: Foram avaliados 75 olhos de 23 pacientes com DMRI e 15 no grupo controle, sendo que apenas 33 olhos que apresentavam DMRI obedeciam aos critérios de inclusão, sendo 11 pertencentes à forma seca (nenhuma forma atrófica) e 22 à forma exsudativa (11 de forma ativa e 11 disciforme). A adesão foi encontrada em oito olhos no grupo controle (26,67%), em sete olhos com DMRI exsudativa (31,82%) e em cinco olhos no grupo DMRI não exsudativa (45,45%). Conclusão: Neste estudo, pacientes com DMRI (formas exsudativa e não exsudativa) não apresentaram maior adesão vitreorretiniana quando comparados ao grupo controle, ao serem avaliados através SD-TCO (Cirrus HD-TCO, versão 4000; Carl Zeeis Meditec) e ultrassonografia (UltraScan®, Alcon). Neste estudo, pacientes com DMRI exsudativa (ativa e disciforme) não apresentaram maior adesão quando comparados à forma seca, ao serem avaliados pelos mesmos métodos.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Macular Degeneration/pathology , Retina/pathology , Vitreous Body/pathology , Age Factors , Analysis of Variance , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Epiretinal Membrane/pathology , Macular Degeneration/physiopathology , Macular Degeneration , Risk Factors , Retina/physiopathology , Tissue Adhesions , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Vitreous Body/physiopathology
8.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 76(2): 80-84, mar.-abr. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-678171

ABSTRACT

PURPOSES: To assess the risk factors of age-related macular degeneration in Argentina using a case-control study. METHODS: Surveys were used for subjects' antioxidant intake, age/gender, race, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes (and type of treatment), smoking, sunlight exposure, red meat consumption, fish consumption, presence of age-related macular degeneration and family history of age-related macular degeneration. Main effects models for logistic regression and ordinal logistic regression were used to analyze the results. RESULTS: There were 175 cases and 175 controls with a mean age of 75.4 years and 75.5 years, respectively, of whom 236 (67.4%) were female. Of the cases with age-related macular degeneration, 159 (45.4%) had age-related macular degeneration in their left eyes, 154 (44.0%) in their right eyes, and 138 (39.4%) in both eyes. Of the cases with age-related macular degeneration in their left eyes, 47.8% had the dry type, 40.3% had the wet type, and the type was unknown for 11.9%. The comparable figures for right eyes were: 51.9%, 34.4%, and 13.7%, respectively. The main effects model was dominated by higher sunlight exposure (OR [odds ratio]: 3.3) and a family history of age-related macular degeneration (OR: 4.3). Other factors included hypertension (OR: 2.1), smoking (OR: 2.2), and being of the Mestizo race, which lowered the risk of age-related macular degeneration (OR: 0.40). Red meat/fish consumption, body mass index, and iris color did not have an effect. Higher age was associated with progression to more severe age-related macular degeneration. CONCLUSION: Sunlight exposure, family history of age-related macular degeneration, and an older age were the significant risk factors. There may be other variables, as the risk was not explained very well by the existing factors. A larger sample may produce different and better results.


OBJETIVO: Determinar os fatores de risco para degeneração macular relacionada à idade na Argentina utilizando um estudo caso-controle. MÉTODOS: Questionários foram usados para a obtenção de informações dos participantes em relação à ingesta de antioxidantes, idade/sexo, raça, índice de massa corporal, hipertensão, diabetes (e tipo de tratamento), tabagismo, exposição à luz solar, consumo de carne vermelha/peixe, presença de degeneração macular relacionada à idade e história familiar de degeneração macular relacionada à idade. Modelos de efeito principal para regressão logística e regressão logística ordinal foram usados para analisar os resultados. RESULTADOS: Foram recrutados 175 casos e 175 controles com uma média de idade de 75,4 anos e 75,5, respectivamente, dos quais 236 (67,4%) eram mulheres. Cento e cinquenta e nove (45,4%) tinham degeneração macular relacionada à idade em seus olhos esquerdos, 154 (44,0%) em seus olhos direitos, e 138 (39,4%) em ambos os olhos. Entre os casos de degeneração macular relacionada à idade no olho esquerdo, 47,8% apresentavam o tipo seca, 40,3% o tipo úmida, e o tipo era desconhecido em 11,9%. Os achados para os olhos direitos foram: 51,9%, 34,4% e 13,7%, respectivamente. O modelo de efeito principal foi dominado por maior exposição à luz solar (OR [odds ratio]: 3,3) e história familiar de degeneração macular relacionada à idade (OR: 4,3). Outros fatores incluindo hipertensão (OR: 2,1), tabagismo (OR: 2,2), e pertencente à raça mestiça, que diminuiram o risco de degeneração macular relacionada à idade (OR: 0,40). Consumo de carne vermelha e de peixe, índice de massa corporal e coloração da íris não foram fatores de risco. Idade avançada foi associada com progressão para degeneração macular relacionada à idade mais grave. CONCLUSÃO: Exposição à luz solar, história familiar de degeneração macular relacionada à idade, e idade avançada foram os fatores de risco significativos. Podem existir outras variáveis, já que os riscos não foram bem explicados pelos fatores existentes. Um maior tamanho amostral poderia produzir resultados diferentes e melhores.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Macular Degeneration/etiology , Sunlight/adverse effects , Age Factors , Argentina/epidemiology , Case-Control Studies , Family Health , Macular Degeneration/epidemiology , Macular Degeneration/pathology , Risk Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires
9.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2012 May; 60(3): 189-193
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-139468

ABSTRACT

Aim: To explore the molecular pathophysiology that might explain the epidemiologic association between cigarette smoke and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by examining the effects of hydroquinone (HQ), a toxic compound present in high concentration in cigarette smoke-related tar, on human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19), rat retinal neurosensory cells (R-28), and human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC). Materials and Methods: ARPE-19, R-28, and HMVEC were treated for 24 h with four different concentrations of HQ (500 μM, 200 μM, 100 μM, 50 μM). Cell viability, caspase-3/7 activation, DNA laddering patterns, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were analyzed. Results: At 50 μM HQ, R-28 cells showed a significant decrease in cell viability compared with the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-treated controls. At the 100–500 μM concentrations, all three cell lines showed significant cell death (P < 0.001). In the ARPE-19, R-28, and HMVEC cultures, the caspase-3/7 activities were not increased at any of the HQ concentration. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the mechanism of cell death in all three cell lines was through non-apoptotic pathway. In addition, neuroretinal R-28 cells were more sensitive to HQ than the ARPE-19 and HMVEC cultures.


Subject(s)
Animals , Animals, Newborn , Apoptosis/drug effects , Caspase 3/metabolism , Caspase 7/metabolism , Cell Survival , Cells, Cultured , DNA Fragmentation/drug effects , Disease Models, Animal , Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects , Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology , Humans , Hydroquinones/toxicity , Macular Degeneration/pathology , Mutagens/toxicity , Rats , Retinal Pigment Epithelium/drug effects , Retinal Pigment Epithelium/enzymology , Retinal Pigment Epithelium/pathology
10.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 70(4): 261-267, jul.-ago. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-601028

ABSTRACT

A degeneração macular relacionada à idade (DMRI) é uma doença degenerativa da área central da retina freqüentemente associada à perda visual central, em pessoas acima de 55 anos de ambos os sexos, sendo a mais importante causa de cegueira irreversível em adultos nos países desenvolvidos e a terceira causa de cegueira no mundo. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia da injeção intravítrea de Ranibizumab (anti-VEGF) no tratamento da neovascularização de coróide não subfoveal, podendo ser extrafoveal ou justafoveal, causada pela degeneração macular relacionada à idade exsudativa e revisão da literatura. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo e transversal com avaliação de quinze pacientes com neovascularização de coróide extrafoveal ou justafoveal causada por degeneração macular relacionada à idade. Os pacientes foram tratados com uma injeção intravítrea, por mês, no mínimo por três meses consecutivos, de Ranibizumab na dose de 0,5mg, no olho com neovascularização de coróide. Os mesmos foram examinados com um mês de intervalo entre as aplicações das injeções e acompanhados com exames complementares. RESULTADOS: Os resultados da análise dos quinze pacientes que foram incluídos nesta série de casos mostraram que onze (73,3 por cento) pacientes apresentavam neovascularização de coróide extrafoveal e quatro (26,6 por cento) justafoveal. Oito (53,3 por cento) apresentavam a forma oculta e sete (46,6 por cento) tinham lesões clássicas. A média de injeções realizadas foi de 3,67, sendo o menor número de injeções 3 e o maior 6 injeções. Oito (53,3 por cento) pacientes apresentaram resolução do quadro exsudativo neovascular com o máximo de três injeções e apenas um (6,67 por cento) paciente necessitou de seis injeções para resolução do seu quadro. A acuidade visual máxima alcançada foi de 20/30, e ocorreu em cinco (33,3 por cento) pacientes. A média de acuidade visual no momento do diagnóstico foi de 0,44logMAR e a média final de 0,27logMAR Na avaliação final dos pacientes após os seis meses de estudo, a média de linha de visão ganha foi de 1,87 linha de acuidade visual pela tabela de Snellen, sendo que todos os 15 pacientes ganharam uma ou mais linhas de visão. CONCLUSÃO: No tratamento dos pacientes com degeneração macular relacionada à idade e neovascularização de coróide extrafoveal a injeção de Ranibizumab mostrou-se eficaz, podendo ser a opção como indicação inicial de tratamento nestes casos.


Age-related macular degeneration is a major cause of central vision loss and is the leading cause of blindness for people aged over 60 years. PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of intravitreal injection of Ranibizumab (anti-VEGF) in the treatment of choroidal neovascularization nonsubfoveal, extra-foveal or juxta-foveal, caused by age-related macular degeneration and revision paper. METHODS: The study design was descriptive and transverse.15 patients with nonsubfoveal choroidal neovascularization caused by age-related macular degeneration, were treated with intravitreal injection of Ranibzumab per month, at least for three consecutive months. Patients were examined at one month interval between the injections and evaluated using visual acuity testing with Snellen charts, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography scans. RESULTS: There were 11extra-foveal lesions (73.3 percent) and 4 juxta-foveal lesions (26.6 percent). Seven lesions were predominantly classic (46.6 percent) and eight lesions were occult (53,3 percent). The mean number of injections performed was 3.67 and the lowest number of injections 3 and 6 larger injections. Eight (53.3 percent) patients had complete resolution of the exudative neovascular condition with a maximum of three injections and only one (6.67 percent) patient required six injections to resolution his condition. The best visual acuity achieved was 20/30, and occurred in five (33.3 percent) patients. The mean visual acuity at diagnosis was 0.44 logMAR and 0.27 logMAR final average. In the final evaluation of patients after six months of study, the average line of sight gains were 1.87 line of visual acuity by Snellen chart. All 15 patients gained one or more lines of vision. CONCLUSION: In the treatment of patients with nonsubfoveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration, injection of Ranibizumab was effective and could be an option as an indication of initial treatment in these cases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Choroidal Neovascularization/drug therapy , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Ranibizumab/therapeutic use , Macular Degeneration/drug therapy , Fluorescein Angiography , Visual Acuity , Cross-Sectional Studies , Choroidal Neovascularization/etiology , Choroidal Neovascularization/pathology , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Intravitreal Injections , Fovea Centralis/drug effects , Fovea Centralis/pathology , Macular Degeneration/complications , Macular Degeneration/pathology
11.
Cir. & cir ; 77(1): 73-83, ene.-feb. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-566694

ABSTRACT

Las distrofias en patrón son patologías de la retina genéticamente determinadas que se caracterizan por anormalidades en el epitelio pigmentario que se visualizan en el fondo de ojo conformando diversos patrones de puntos o líneas. Realizamos una revisión detallada de las diversas variedades de presentación y sus características más importantes, e incluimos una secuencia fotográfica de las más representativas.


Pattern dystrophies are defined as a group of diseases genetically determined and characterized by pigment epithelium changes that are seen on fundus examination, such as various line and dot patterns. We present a review of these pathologies including a comparative table reporting the main characteristics as well as some representative figures of each one in order to facilitate diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Macular Degeneration/pathology , Retinal Pigment Epithelium , Macular Degeneration/classification
12.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 71(6): 799-804, nov.-dez. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-503442

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Identificar os achados na tomografia de coerência óptica (OCT) e suas variações ao longo de 12 meses, em pacientes portadores de degeneração macular relacionada à idade (DRMI), submetidos à terapia fotodinâmica com verteporfina (TFD). DESENHO DO ESTUDO: Série de casos, aberto, não aleatório e intervencionista. MÉTODOS: Pacientes acima de 50 anos, portadores de DMRI neovascular foram submetidos ao exame oftalmológico completo, angiofluoresceinografia e OCT antes do início do tratamento (V0) e 3, 6, 9 e 12 meses após (V3, V6, V9 e V12, respectivamente). O tratamento empregado foi a TFD. A acuidade visual (AV) foi mensurada usando-se a tabela do ETDRS. Realizaram-se as medições das espessuras foveais: espessura intraretiniana foveal (FIRT), espessura foveal do complexo coriocapilar - EPR (FCC-EPRT) e espessura foveal total (TFT). Realizaram-se as mensurações das espessuras extrafoveais, em um raio de 1500 µ da fóvea: espessura intraretiniana extrafoveal (EFIRT), espessura extrafoveal do complexo coriocapilar - EPR (EFCC-EPRT) e espessura extrafoveal total (TEFT). Análise estatística foi realizada usando-se a análise de variância em blocos. RESULTADOS: Vinte e três olhos de 23 pacientes foram avaliados. Foram identificados nove achados à OCT: 1º) espessamento das camadas intraretinianas na fóvea; 2º) espessamento das camadas intraretinianas na região extrafoveal; 3º) espessamento do complexo coriocapilar-EPR (FCC-EPRT) na fóvea; 4º) espessamento do complexo coriocapilar-EPR na área extrafoveal; 5º) presença de fluido sub-EPR; 6º) presença de fluido sub-retiniano; 7º) presença de fluido intraretiniano; 8º) presença da membrana hialóide posterior aderida à retina; 9º) presença da depressão foveal. Na visita inicial a FIRT e a TFT foram respectivamente 398,5 µ e 639,2 µ. Em V12 foram 173,7 µ e 423,9 µ. A variação foi estatisticamente significante (p = 0,008 e p = 0,003, respectivamente). As outras espessuras mensuradas não tiveram...


PURPOSE: To identify the optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in patients with age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT). STUDY DESIGN: Open, non-randomized, interventional case series. METHODS: ARMD patients were submitted to a complete ophthalmological examination, fluorescein angiography, and OCT at baseline (V0), 3, 6, 9 and 12 months (V3, V6, V9 and V12, respectively). PDT was carried out according to the TAP study. Visual acuity (VA) was measured using the logMAR ETDRS chart. The following foveal measurements were performed: foveal intraretinal thickness (FIRT), foveal choriocapillaris - RPE complex thickness (FCC-RPET) and total foveal thickness (TFT). The extrafoveal thicknesses measured were: extrafoveal intraretinal thickness (EFIRT), extrafoveal choriocapillaris - RPE complex thickness (EFCC-RPET) and total extrafoveal thickness (TEFT). Statistical analysis was performed using the block variance analysis test. RESULTS: Twenty-three eyes of 23 patients were enrolled. This study identified nine OCT patterns: 1) thickening of the foveal intraretinal layers; 2) thickening of the extrafoveal intraretinal layers; 3) thickening of the foveal choriocapillaris - RPE complex; 4) thickening of the extrafoveal choriocapillaris - RPE complex; 5) intraretinal fluid; 6) subretinal fluid; 7) subretinal pigment epithelium (RPE) fluid; 8) vitreo-retinal adhesion; 9) foveal depression. At baseline, FIRT and TFT were 398.5 µ and 639.2 µ, respectively. At V12 they were 173.7 µ e 423.9 µ, respectively, and this change was statistical significant (p=0.008 e p=0.003, respectively). The variation of the other foveal and extrafoveal measurements were not statistically significant. Foveal depression was present at baseline in 36.4 percent of the eyes, whereas at V12 it was present in 78.3 percent. Subretinal fluid was present in 36.4 percent of eyes at V0 and in 8.7 percent at V12. VA at baseline was 0.93...


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Macular Degeneration/drug therapy , Photochemotherapy , Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic use , Porphyrins/therapeutic use , Analysis of Variance , Follow-Up Studies , Fovea Centralis/drug effects , Fovea Centralis/pathology , Macula Lutea/drug effects , Macula Lutea/pathology , Macular Degeneration/pathology , Retina/drug effects , Retina/pathology , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Visual Acuity/drug effects
13.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 70(5): 739-745, set.-out. 2007. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-470087

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Definir características do exame de autofluorescência, verificando sua utilidade no diagnóstico e acompanhamento de distrofias retinianas. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo, 28 pacientes, adultos, divididos igualmente em quatro grupos com diagnósticos de doença de Stargardt, distrofia de Cones, retinose pigmentar e voluntários saudáveis para estabelecimento do padrão de normalidade. Em média foram obtidas nove imagens com o filtro para angiofluoresceinografia para a formação da imagem autofluorescente no Heidelberg Retina Angiograph2. As imagens de cada grupo de pacientes foram analisadas para verificar características comuns. RESULTADOS: As imagens fundoscópicas autofluorescentes dos voluntários do grupo controle mostraram área foveal hipoautofluorescente em relação à retina do pólo posterior. As imagens dos portadores de doença de Stargardt, em geral, apresentaram lesão hipoautofluorescente, correspondendo à área macular. As principais alterações da autofluorescência em pacientes com distrofia de cones foram hipoautofluorescência macular com halo hiperautofluorescente. Nos portadores de retinose pigmentar, foram encontrados pigmentos periféricos causando hipoautofluorescência. Na região macular, hipoautofluorescência ou apenas desorganização do pigmento. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo mostrou a existência de padrões de autofluorescência de fundo nas distrofias de retina que permitem o diagnóstico e melhor interpretação da fisiopatogenia destas doenças.


PURPOSE: To define characteristics of the fundus autofluorescence examination, verifying usefulness in the diagnosis and care of hereditary retinal diseases. METHODS: 28 patients, adults, divided equally into four groups with diagnoses of Stargardt macular dystrophy, cone dystrophy, retinitis pigmentosa and healthy volunteers for the establishment of the normality pattern. An average of nine images with the filter for fluorescein angiography was obtained for the formation of the image autofluorescence using Heidelberg Retina Angiograph2. The images of each group of patients were analyzed to verify common characteristics. RESULTS: The fundus autofluorescence of healthy volunteers showed the foveal area darker than the surrounding retina. The images of Stargardt macular dystrophy, in general, presented an oval central lesion, with reduced autofluorescence. The main alterations of the autofluorescence in patients with cone dystrophy were reduced foveal autofluorescence with a parafoveal ring of increased autofluorescence. In general, the images of retinitis pigmentosa showed outlying pigments with reduced autofluorescence, and of the foveal area, in some cases disorganization or reduced autofluorescence. CONCLUSION: The study showed the existence of patterns of fundus autofluorescence in the hereditary retinal diseases that allow the diagnosis and better interpretation of the pathogenesis of these diseases.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Eye Diseases, Hereditary/pathology , Fluorescein Angiography/instrumentation , Retinal Diseases/pathology , Case-Control Studies , Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells/pathology , Fluorescence , Fundus Oculi , Image Enhancement , Lipofuscin/metabolism , Macular Degeneration/pathology , Prospective Studies , Retinal Diseases/genetics , Retinitis Pigmentosa/pathology
14.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 70(5): 844-850, set.-out. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-470104

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Verificar a relação entre alterações anatômicas (drusas duras, drusas moles, hiperpigmentação, neovasos, descolamento do epitélio pigmentado da retina, hipopigmentação e atrofia coriorretiniana) e a sensibilidade à luz em pacientes com degeneração macular relacionada à idade (DMRI); analisar a sensibilidade macular em áreas com ausência de lesões anatômicas nos pacientes com DMRI comparando-as ao grupo de controles, para avaliar a existência ou não de lesão funcional em área sem lesão anatômica. MÉTODOS: Estudo comparativo, descritivo e analítico, de corte transversal. O grupo de casos foi formado por 31 indivíduos portadores de DMRI com idade entre 51 e 88 anos. O grupo de controles ficou composto por 31 indivíduos considerados "sadios", não portadores de DMRI com idade entre 61 e 80 anos. Os grupos foram pareados por sexo e idade. Realizou-se a perimetria macular estática, vermelho-vermelho, com o oftalmoscópio de rastreamento a laser (ORL). Os resultados da perimetria macular foram correlacionados à lesão anatômica identificada no local correspondente pelo laser infravermelho e fotografias coloridas. RESULTADOS: As áreas com neovasos ou atrofia apresentaram sensibilidade significantemente diferente em relação às áreas com ausência de lesões anatômicas nos pacientes com DMRI. Houve perda funcional significativa em áreas com ausência de lesões anatômicas nos pacientes com DMRI em relação ao grupo de controles. CONCLUSÕES: Áreas com neovasos ou atrofia podem ser fatores individuais de piora da sensibilidade macular localizada. Pode ocorrer perda funcional mesmo sem lesão anatômica aparente nos pacientes com DMRI.


PURPOSES: To evaluate the correlation between anatomical changes (hard druses, soft druses, hyperpigmentation, new vessels, detachment of retinal pigment epithelium, hypopigmentation and chorioretinal atrophy) and light sensitivity in patients with age-related macular degeneration (ARMD); analyze macular sensitivity in areas with no anatomical lesions in patients with ARMD and compared them to the control group in order to detect if there was any functional lesion in areas with no anatomical changes. METHODS: A cross-sectional, comparative, descriptive and analytic study was performed. The case group consisted of 31 subjects with ARMD aged between 51 and 88 years. The control group consisted of 31 "healthy" subjects, without ARMD aged between 61 and 80 years. The groups were matched for gender and age. We performed static macular perimetry, red-red, using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO). Results of macular perimetry were correlated with the anatomic lesion identified in the same site by infrared laser and color photographs. RESULTS: Areas with new vessels or atrophy showed a significantly different sensitivity in relation to areas without anatomical lesions in patients with ARMD. There was significant functional loss in areas with no anatomical lesions in patients with ARMD in relation to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Areas with new vessels or atrophy could be distinct factors for worsening of the localized macular sensitivity. There might be functional loss even in areas with no apparent anatomical changes in ARMD patients.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Contrast Sensitivity/physiology , Macular Degeneration/pathology , Macular Degeneration/physiopathology , Visual Field Tests , Age Factors , Atrophy/etiology , Atrophy/pathology , Atrophy/physiopathology , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Lasers , Macular Degeneration/complications , Neovascularization, Pathologic/etiology , Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology , Neovascularization, Pathologic/physiopathology , Ophthalmoscopes , Pigment Epithelium of Eye/pathology , Pigment Epithelium of Eye/physiopathology , Retinal Drusen/etiology , Retinal Drusen/pathology , Retinal Drusen/physiopathology , Visual Field Tests
15.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 69(2): 269-272, mar.-abr. 2006. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-426729

ABSTRACT

Lesão viteliforme da mácula é mais observada nas distrofias de Best e foveomacular do adulto. No presente estudo, os autores relatam caso raro de descolamento viteliforme macular associado a drusas da lâmina basal, acompanhado no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo há aproximadamente quatro anos, avaliado periodicamente com exames complementares. Os autores descrevem aspectos relevantes desta doença como etiopatogenia, evolução, diagnósticos diferenciais e tratamento.


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Macular Degeneration/pathology , Retinal Detachment/pathology , Retinal Drusen/pathology , Atrophy , Fluorescein Angiography , Macular Degeneration/complications , Retinal Detachment/complications , Retinal Drusen/complications
16.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 67(3): 491-499, maio-jun. 2004. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-361704

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Descrever os achados oftalmológicos de nova distrofia macular associada à síndrome dos cabelos anágenos frouxos (SCAF). MÉTODOS: Uma família de onze pacientes, quatro deles afetados ocularmente, foram examinados. Sete pacientes foram submetidos aos seguintes exames: avaliação oftalmológica completa, teste de cores, ecografia, angiografia, campo visual, topografia de papila, eletro-oculograma (EOG), eletrorretinograma (ERG), testes laboratoriais e exame dermatológico, teste de suor, microscopia óptica (MO) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) dos fios de cabelo. Em quatro pacientes, filhos dos afetados, realizamos somente exame oftalmológico, microscopia óptica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura dos fios de cabelo. RESULTADOS: Dos quatro pacientes afetados, em duas irmãs encontramos no fundo de olho dispersões pigmentares em pólo posterior da retina, com coloboma macular. Em dois de seus irmãos foram encontradas as mesmas alterações oculares, com maior pigmentação e coloração amarelada em área macular e ausência de coloboma. Os resultados do eletro-oculograma e eletrorretinograma estavam dentro dos limites de normalidade em três pacientes sem alterações oculares; por outro lado, o eletro-oculograma foi subnormal e o eletrorretinograma foi subnormal com tempo de culminação diminuído (rápido) na fase escotópica dos pacientes com a distrofia macular, sugerindo que a alteração dessa distrofia se encontra em nível do epitélio pigmentado da retina. Devido a esse comportamento peculiar do tempo de culminação, este achado pode ser considerado como fundamental para o diagnóstico desta distrofia. A denominação sugerida é de distrofia retiniana com onda rápida escotópica (DRORE). A microscopia óptica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura dos fios de cabelo confirmaram a síndrome dos cabelos anágenos frouxos. CONCLUSÕES: Descrevemos os achados da distrofia retiniana com onda rápida escotópica associada à síndrome dos cabelos anágenos frouxos, distrofia cujos achados fundoscópicos são diferentes entre homens e mulheres e com traçado eletrorretinográfico característico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Macular Degeneration/pathology , Hair Diseases/pathology , Electroretinography , Microscopy, Electron , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Syndrome
17.
São Paulo; s.n; 2003. [108] p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-424871

ABSTRACT

Avaliar o efeito do suramin na migração, proliferação e formação de tubo vascular em células endoteliais coroidianas (CECs) “in vitro” e em neovascularização coroidiana (NC) “in vivo”. Foi avaliada a migração através do experimento de Boyden Chamber. Foi avaliada a proliferação através do experimento MTT. Foi avaliada a formação de tubo vascular através do experimento gel colágeno 3D. As CECs foram estimuladas por fatores de crescimento (FC) e tratadas com suramin.O efeito sistêmico do suramin foi avaliado em NC induzidos por laser em olhos de ratos. O suramin inibiu a migração, proliferação e formação de tubo vascular estimulada por FC de forma dose dependente / This study evaluated the effects of suramin on choroidal endothelial cell (CEC) migration, proliferation and tube formation “in vitro” and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) “in vivo”. Migration was evaluated using Boyden chamber assay. Proliferation was evaluated by an MTT assay. Tube formation was evaluated using a 3D-tube formation assay. CECs were stimulated by growth factor (GF) treated with suramin. The effect of systemic administration of Suramin was evaluated on laser induced CNV in rats eyes. Suramin inhibited CEC migration, proliferation, and tube formation induced by GF in a dose dependent manner. CNV in rats was inhibited by systemic administration of Suramin 30mg/Kg. These studies indicate that suramin inhibits Angiogenesis “in vitro” and “in vivo”...


Subject(s)
In Vitro Techniques , Choroidal Neovascularization/pathology , Suramin/therapeutic use , Cell Culture Techniques/methods , Macular Degeneration/pathology , Endothelial Growth Factors/physiology
18.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2002 Sep; 50(3): 201-4
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-72119

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is clinically less common in India compared to the West. Therefore, clinicians are unfamiliar with histopathologic evidence of age-related macular changes in the Indian population. METHODS: Fifty consecutive human donor eyes removed for corneal grafting were studied for gross, microscopic and histochemical features of age-related changes in the macula in the Indian population. A horizontal block was cut from the globe including the optic disc, and the macula. Six sections, 6 microns thick, were cut from three levels in the macula at a distance of 140 microns. These were stained with haemotoxylin-eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, Mallory, Masson trichrome, alcian blue and von Kossa stains. The presence of basal laminar deposits, drusen and thickening and calcification of Bruch's membrane in the macula were assessed at 400 x magnification using a modified version of Sark's classification. RESULTS: Twenty-four donor eyes (48%) had some form of age-related macular change. These included basal laminar deposits, hard drusen, soft drusen, extensive retinal pigment epithelium atrophy of the macula, and disciform degeneration of macula. A combination of changes was often seen. Age-related changes were more common in the seventh and eighth decade. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that histological changes characteristic of the early stages of age-related macular degeneration are fairly common in the Indian population. However, advanced macular changes are significantly rare.


Subject(s)
Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aging/pathology , Bruch Membrane/pathology , Humans , India , Macula Lutea/pathology , Macular Degeneration/pathology , Middle Aged , Retinal Drusen/pathology , Tissue Donors
19.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 54(10): 769-72, out. 1995. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-280012

ABSTRACT

Os autores apresentam um caso de paciente jovem, do sexo feminino, com a neurorretinite idiopática estrelada de Leber. A paciente apresentou na angiografia fluoresceínica da retina staining do corante na papila e um pequeno defeito hipetfluorescente do epitélio pigmentar da retina


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Radionuclide Angiography/methods , Macular Degeneration/diagnosis , Macular Degeneration/pathology , Visual Acuity/drug effects , Visual Acuity/radiation effects
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