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1.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 22(2): 483-505, Apr-Jun/2015.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-747129

ABSTRACT

O artigo oferece uma leitura alternativa de Hampa afro-cubana: los negros brujos, do cubano Fernando Ortiz y Fernandes, e discute a necessidade de problematizar as diferentes ideias expostas pelo autor. Para isso, contesta leituras de alguns comentadores influenciados por sua obra. O artigo sugere algumas pistas acerca do que Ortiz y Fernandes entendia como forças capazes de agir e manifestar-se nos "corpos" de sujeitos afetados pela agência dos acusados de envolvimento com práticas e objetos mágicos. Debruça-se sobre a criação dos brujos - conforme descritos por Ortiz y Fernandes - como um objeto epistêmico e discute os argumentos e práticas de conhecimento necessários à sua fabricação.


This article offers an alternative reading of Hampa afro-cubana: los negros brujos, by the Cuban Fernando Ortiz y Fernandes, and discusses the need to make the different ideas expounded by the author more complex. For this reason, it disputes the interpretations of some commentators influenced by his work. The article suggests some clues with regard to what Ortiz y Fernandes understood as forces capable of acting and manifesting themselves in the "bodies" of persons affected by the activities of those accused of being involved with magical practices and objects. It examines the creation of witches - as described by Ortiz y Fernandes - as an epistemic phenomenon and discusses the arguments and the practices and knowledge required for this purpose.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , Literature, Modern/history , Magic/history , Witchcraft/history , Anthropology, Cultural/history , Cuba , Famous Persons
2.
Rio de Janeiro; Editora Fiocruz; 2013. 423 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-711474

ABSTRACT

Este é um trabalho altamente original que combina fontes da história da Inquisição e da história da medicina (assim como muitas outras). Examina a enorme contradição de profissionais médicos treinados durante o Iluminismo português que utilizavam o aparato repressivo da Inquisição para eliminar seus competidores mais rústicos e (na sua maioria) iletrados: os curandeiros populares. Baseia-se em documentação de numerosos arquivos em Lisboa, Évora e Londres. O que está no cerne deste livro - e o distingue - é a análise da equação de interesses envolvidos na perseguição a curandeiros na Inquisição portuguesa. O autor demonstra que, por trás dessas perseguições, havia uma concorrência: de um lado, uma classe emergente de profissionais médicos formados; de outro, praticantes da cura nas comunidades. Sob a crescente influência dos primeiros, aumentam as hostilidades contra os segundos, aos quais são imputadas acusações e aplicados castigos


Subject(s)
Humans , /history , Magic/history , Medicine, Traditional/history , Physicians/history , Repression, Psychology , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , Portugal , Social Control Policies/history
3.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 16(2): 325-344, abr.-jun. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-517196

ABSTRACT

Analisa papel de agentes de cura exercido pelos praticantes de magia e feitiçaria na sociedade mato-grossense do século XVIII. Observa que magia e feitiçaria foram desenvolvidas como concorrentes, alternativas ou associadas a outras formas de cura (oficiais e leigas). Aponta que tais papéis contribuíram no processo de sujeição de seus praticantes, em especial africanos, indígenas e seus descendentes, e foram apropriados como oportunidade de sobrevivência na sociedade colonial escravista. A visita pastoral realizada por Bruno Pinna em 1785 a Cuiabá e adjacências serviu como fonte principal para o conhecimento das práticas e dos praticantes de magia e feitiçaria.


The article analyzes the role of healing agents played by practitioners of magic and witchcraft in Mato Grosso society during the 17th century. It observes that magic and witchcraft were developed as competitors, alternatives or associated with other forms of healing (official and lay). It points out how such roles contributed to the process of subjugating its practitioners, especially Africans, Indians and their descendents, and were appropriated as an opportunity for survival in the colonial slave society. The pastoral visit made by Bruno Pinna in 1785 to Cuiabá and nearby areas served as the principal source of knowledge regarding the practices and practitioners of magic and witchcraft.


Subject(s)
History, 17th Century , Humans , Magic/history , Medicine, Traditional/history , Witchcraft/history , Brazil , Shamanism/history
4.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 14(3): 907-919, jul.-set. 2007. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-466593

ABSTRACT

A força da tradição é capaz de preservar costumes que caminham na contramão da trajetória sociocultural das populações urbanas atuais. Costumes como os rituais de sacrifício, apesar de muitas vezes condenados pela sociedade e de terem sofrido um sincretismo adaptativo, ainda guardam elementos tradicionais, confirmando sua importância como mediadores entre os mundos natural e sobrenatural. Um bom exemplo são as lutas rituais Tinku, identificadas em amostras esqueléticas pré-colombianas provenientes do deserto de Atacama, Chile, e que ainda persistem entre grupos andinos, com uma abrangência temporal de pelo menos 1.200 anos. O objetivo principal dessa luta é provocar o sangramento e a morte de seus participantes, oferecidos à divindade Pachamama para propiciar a fertilidade da terra e dos animais. Os rituais de sacrifício, como símbolos de identidade social, nos ajudam a conhecer melhor o ethos de sociedades passadas e atuais.


The power of tradition is capable of preserving customs that go counter to the social and cultural trends in today's urban centers. Though customs such as rites of sacrifice are often condemned by society and have undergone an adaptive syncretism, they still preserve ancient traditional elements that underline their importance as mediators between the natural and supernatural worlds. A good example of this is the Tinku ritual fight, identified in samples of Pre-Columbian skeletons from the Atacama desert in Chile, which continues to this day amongst Andean groups, having survived for at least 1,200 years. The main objective in this fight is that the participants bleed to death as offerings to the divinity, Pachamama, to assure the fertility of the land and the animals. When rites of sacrifice are understood as symbols of social identity, they give us a better understanding of the ethos of past and present societies, from a very particular perspective.


Subject(s)
Humans , Ceremonial Behavior , Magic/history , Religion , Indians, South American , Chile , Anthropology, Cultural
5.
Korean Journal of Medical History ; : 198-218, 2004.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-42648

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates an interrelationship between burnt needle therapy and King Injo's disease. From 1633 (Year 11 in King Injo's reign) to May 5, 16. (Year 27 King in Injo's reign), right before his death, King Injo was treated with burnt needles by Yi Hyeongik, an acupuncturist when the king had health problems. This study arises from two questions: why was King Injo often treated with burnt needles? and what effect did burnt needles have? Burnt needle therapy is a combined form of acupuncture and moxibustion. Yi Hyeongik was famous for eradicating pathogenic factors. He was appointed as a doctor in the Royal Hospital. The medical definition for pathogenic factors is that they are disease-causing factors. Understanding the pathogenic factor for King Injo's disease could make it possible to find the interrelationship between burnt needles and the king's disease. In the Joseon era, the prevalent belief about diseases was that diseases could be caused by homeopathic magic. Some people thought homeopathic magic caused King Injo's disease. The actual reasons for King Injo's disease were the participation in the excessive rites of Queen Mother Inmok's funeral and the constant oppression from the Ching Dynasty after disgraceful defeat in the war. When King Injo started to be sick, homeopathic magic cases were found in the royal palace. The king's incurable disease was believed to have happened as a result of homeopathic magic. King Injo's suspicion toward Princess Jeongmyeong derived from her mother, Queen Mother Inmok. Moral justification for King Injo's coup was Gwanghaegun or Prince Gwanghae's immoral conduct toward Queen Mother Inmok. After he was installed, King Injo obeyed the Queen Mother and showed her every attention. Meanwhile, he treated Princess Jeongmyeong with respect, maximized the moral justification for the coup, and solidified the royal authority. However, constant rebellions and treasons threatened King Injo. The king suspected that Queen Mother Inmok and Princess Jeongmyeong were involved in homeopathic magic cases because both figures could affect major rebellions and treasons. Homeopathic magic is a kind of ideological belief and psychological suspicion. Accordingly, burnt needle therapy could have an actual effect on treating the diseases of the body. It could have a psychological effect in treating pathogenic factors as well. As burnt needles were often used for the king's disease, remarkable development of acupuncture and moxibustion during the King Injos era was a characteristic in the history of medical science in the Joseon Dynasty.


Subject(s)
Acupuncture/history , Disease , English Abstract , History, 17th Century , Homeopathy/history , Korea , Magic/history
6.
Campinas; s.n; 2000. 271 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-413355

ABSTRACT

Centra-se, basicamente, na história do feiticeiro negro Juca Rosa, discorrendo sobre as imagens do bruxo e as relações de Rosa com personalidades importantes do cenário político do segundo reinado. Descreve os rituais e as práticas celebradas por Juca Rosa e seus seguidores, pensando nos diversos sentidos daquelas atividades, com o objetivo de interpretar os encontros e trocas culturais que se davam na casa do feiticeiro, para onde convergiam membros dos grupos mais pobres e também das elites poderosas.(MAM)


Subject(s)
Culture , Quackery/history , Magic/history , Brazil , Medicine, African Traditional
7.
Rev. bioméd. (México) ; 9(4): 250-5, oct.-dic. 1998.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-248132

ABSTRACT

La medicina mágica -a pesar de la evolución de la medicina científica- está vigente aún en los finales del siglo XX. En gran parte este hecho se debe a la persistencia de supersticiones y creencias populares, En el caso de Yucatán, México, mucha de estas supersticiones y creencias tienen un origen en la cultura maya y en otros casos han sido el resultado del sincretismo de la cultura maya y la de los conquistadores españoles. Parte de estas supersticiones y creencias que acontecieron en Yucatán al principio de la época colonial (segunda mitad del siglo XVI) son referidas en la obra Informe contra Idolorun cultores del Obispado de Yucatán, del Doctor en Teología Pedro Sánchez de Aguilar. Don Pedro Sánchez de Aguilar nació el 10 de abril de 1855 en la villa de Valladolid, Yucatán. Realizó estudios en la Real y Pontificia Universidad de México en donde obtuvo el grado de Doctor en Teología. Al regresar a Yucatán fue cura de Calotmul, Valladolid y del Sagrario de la catedral de Mérida, donde posteriormente fue Deán de la catedral. Estando en este cargo en 1613 es cuando inicia su obra, que finalizó en 1615, atendiendo una cédula real del Rey Felipe IV, fechada el 24 de abril de 1604. La obra fue editada originalmente en 1639 en España y ha tenido al menos cinco reediciones, la última en 1996. En el texto podemos encontrar descripciones de hechos supersticiosos, magia y enfermedad, que es la que referiremos en este trabajo


Subject(s)
Humans , Culture , Disease/ethnology , History, 16th Century , Magic/history , Religion and Medicine , Superstitions/history
8.
Rev. bioméd. (México) ; 9(3): 192-8, jul.-sept. 1998.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-248124

ABSTRACT

Las explicaciones en torno a los procesos patológicos han sido formuladas, a lo largo de la historia, en función de diferentes causas: sobrenaturales, divinas, humanas, científicas y naturales. En todas las culturas ancestrales, existía un grupo selecto de gentes que a través de su capacidad de sugestión iniciaron las primeras prácticas curativas mediante el uso de conjuros, empleo de pócimas y otros artificios. Se podría afirmar que no hay cultura ancestral en la que el desarrollo de la práctica médica se ajena a la magia y la religión. Los conocimientos médicos más antiguos pertenecen al Paleolítico Inferior aunque son escasos. A partir del año 4000 a.C. ocurrió una revolución técnica y cultural que permitió el florecimiento de grandes civilizaciones y sus características comunes en el ámbito médico eran el politeísmo y diferentes grados de religiosidad, asociados directamente con las enfermedades o la acción de sanar. Otra etapa muy importante en el desarrollo de la Medicina y la acción de sanar se inicia con la historia del cristianismo, por tanto, desde la predicación del propio Cristo, es patente la relación entre él y la Medicina, en la que se distinguen, hasta cinco aspectos diferentes: el metafórico, el taumatúrgico, el ético, el doctrinal y el técnica. La Iatroquímica o química médica, nombre que se le dió a la fusión de la Alquimia, la medicina y la química, la practicaban los seguirdores de Paracelso desde el siglo XVI. A pesar del progreso en las ciencias médicas el Siglo XVIII se consideraba la edad de oro de la duplicidad, la charlatanería y los cultos extraños. La imagen mágica del médico del siglo XIX cambió por el desarrollo de la medicina que dependía de la ciencia papel dominante del laboratorio en los problemas de enfermedad y muerte. El médico dejó de ser un hombre con poderes semimilagrosos, para participar en las tendencias positivistas de la época y reconocer verdaderas sólo aquellas conclusiones que se basaban en hechos objetivos


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Alchemy , History, Ancient , Magic/history , Religion and Medicine
10.
Korean Journal of Medical History ; : 38-58, 1993.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-17691

ABSTRACT

Smallpox was one of the most dreadful epidemic diseases in Korea until the early twentieth century. In the Chosun period, smallpox came to prevail more frequently and vigorously, and many people died of the disease. To cope with smallpox, the society of Chosun had various modes of measures, though they were not always effective, which included the government's rituals, medical men's prescriptions, and folk's recipes. Among various responses to smallpox, the recipes of folklore seem to be very interesting. While attitude toward other contagious diseases(e.g., typhoid fever, or malaria) mainly consisted of exorcism, smallpox was believed to be the passage of the smallpox deity, Sonnim(which means guest), through the body of patient for certain time span, and gods of smallpox were treated hospitably. This attitude toward smallpox was deeply rooted in Korean shamanism, and partly in the natural history of the disease. From 1876 smallpox vaccination was reintroduced and practiced. There were, however, a lot of difficulties in practice of vaccination due to distrust and prejudice. And traditional dealings with smallpox, in spite of vaccination, didn't disappear even after the Japanese compulsory occupation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Disease Outbreaks/history , English Abstract , Folklore , History, Modern 1601- , Korea , Magic/history , Religion and Medicine , Shamanism/history , Smallpox/history , Vaccination/history
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