ABSTRACT
O acometimento patológico do sistema nervoso no diabetes melito é muito amplo e, freqüentemente, bastante grave. A prevalência de neuropatia diabética atinge níveis elevados com a evolução temporal do diabetes, chegando, geralmente, a freqüências acima de 50 por cento de lesão neurológica em diferentes grupos de pacientes analisados em nosso meio e no exterior. A lesão neurológica nesta situação patológica é extensa no organismo humano diabético, envolvendo amplamente todo o sistema nervoso periférico nos seus componentes sensitivo-motor e autonômico: com clínica característica e concordante com as hipóteses patogênicas de natureza metabólica e/ou microvascular. O sistema nervoso autonômico é o elemento fundamental na regulação da função da maior parte dos sistemas ou órgãos no organismo, portanto, a sua lesão pode trazer importantes alterações para as funções cardiovascular, respiratória, digestiva, urinária e genital, podendo influir na função vital de alguns desses órgãos ou sistemas. Este artigo aborda as alterações decorrentes da lesão do sistema nervoso autonômico, especialmente nos pacientes diabéticos tipo 1, procurando dimensionar o risco de morbimortalidade.
The pathological alteration of the nervous system in diabetic patients is extensive and frequently severe. The prevalence of the diabetic neuropathy reach high levels with the evolution of the diabetes, often showing frequencies higher than 50 percent in several groups of patients. The neurological lesion in this pathological situation is extensive in the diabetic patient, including widely the peripheral nervous system with its components sensory, motor and autonomic: with typical symptoms and in accordance with the pathogenesis of metabolic origin and/or microvascular disease. The autonomic nervous system is a main regulator of many systems in the human body. Then its lesion can promote significant alterations in the function of the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, urogenital system, that can be related to increased motality. This review anlyses the abnormalities related to lesion of the autonomic nervous system, particularly in type 1 diabetic patients, trying to characterize the risk of morbidity and mortality.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications , Diabetic Neuropathies/etiology , Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/etiology , Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/pathology , Body Temperature Regulation/physiology , Chronic Disease , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/pathology , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology , Diabetic Angiopathies/pathology , Diabetic Angiopathies/physiopathology , Diabetic Neuropathies/pathology , Diabetic Neuropathies/physiopathology , Female Urogenital Diseases/etiology , Female Urogenital Diseases/pathology , Female Urogenital Diseases/physiopathology , Gastrointestinal Diseases/etiology , Gastrointestinal Diseases/pathology , Gastrointestinal Diseases/physiopathology , Male Urogenital Diseases/etiology , Male Urogenital Diseases/pathology , Male Urogenital Diseases/physiopathology , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
We investigated a group of male patients with idiopathic infertility to determine the presence of genital infection and to identify the pattern of this infection using a specially designed protocol. A prospective study was carried out on 63 patients and 23 controls. We cultured the first voided urine, semen and swabs taken from the anterior urethra of these patients and controls for bacteria, chlamydia, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis. Two techniques were used for chlamydial isolation and identification. These involved the use of chlamydial culture on McCoy cells with culture confirmation test and the direct fluorescent identification of Chlamydia trachomatis. The all-liquid media [MYCOFAST ALL-IN] kits were used for the identification of mycoplasma. Our results indicate that there is a significantly higher incidence of genital infection among male patients with idiopathic infertility than in normal fertile controls [P=0.0004]. Extensive microbial investigations are indicated when genital infection is suspected to be the cause of the infertile state or cannot be ruled out as a possible cause in case of idiopathic infertility