ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the mechanical properties of glass ionomer cements (GICs) combined with propolis as a natural antimicrobial substance. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Typifed green propolis, as an ethanolic extract (EEP) or in the lyophilized form (powder), was incorporated to specimens of Ketac Fil Plus, ChemFlex and Ketac Molar Easymix GICs. For each test, 8 specimens of each material were prepared. For water sorption and solubility tests, specimens were subjected to dehydration, hydration and redehydration cycles until a constant mass was obtained for each step. Measurements were recorded using a digital balance of 10-4 g precision. For the diametral tensile strength test, specimens were tested in a universal test machine at 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed after 24 h storage in deionized water. Data were evaluated by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (p<0.05). RESULTS: The addition of propolis to GIC clearly increased water sorption compared to pure material. Solubility was material-dependent and was not clearly evident. For the diametral tensile strength test, association with propolis altered negatively only Chemfex. CONCLUSION: It may be concluded that incorporation of propolis to GICs alters some properties in a material-dependent condition.
Subject(s)
Glass Ionomer Cements/chemistry , Propolis/chemistry , Analysis of Variance , Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry , Materials Testing , Maleates/chemistry , Solubility , Tensile Strength , Time FactorsABSTRACT
This study evaluated the surface microhardness and fluoride release of 5 restorative materials - Ketac-Fil Plus, Vitremer, Fuji II LC, Freedom and Fluorofil - in two storage media: distilled/deionized water and a pH-cycling (pH 4.6). Twelve specimens of each material, were fabricated and the initial surface microhardness (ISM) was determined in a Shimadzu HMV-2000 microhardness tester (static load Knoop). The specimens were submitted to 6- or 18-h cycles in the tested media. The solutions were refreshed at the end of each cycle. All solutions were stored for further analysis. After 15-day storage, the final surface microhardness (FSM) and fluoride release were measured. Fluoride dose was measured with a fluoride-specific electrode (Orion 9609-BN) and digital ion analyzer (Orion 720 A). The variables ISM, FSM and fluoride release were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance and Tukey's test (p<0.05). There was significant difference in FSM between the storage media for Vitremer (pH 4.6 = 40.2 ± 1.5; water = 42.6 ± 1.4), Ketac-Fil Plus (pH 4.6 = 73.4 ± 2.7; water = 58.2 ± 1.3) and Fluorofil (pH 4.6 = 44.3 ± 1.8; water = 38.4 ± 1.0). Ketac-Fil Plus (9.9 ± 18.0) and Fluorofil (4.4 ± 1.3) presented higher fluoride release in water, whereas Vitremer (7.4 ± 7.1), Fuji II LC (5.7 ± 4.7) and Freedom (2.1 ± 1.7) had higher fluoride release at pH 4.6. Microhardness and fluoride release of the tested restorative materials varied according to the storage medium.
Este estudo avaliou as propriedades de microdureza de superfície e liberação de flúor de 5 materiais restauradores (Ketac-Fil Plus, Vitremer, Fuji II LC, Freedom e Fluorofil) em dois meios de imersão: água destilada/deionizada e modelo de ciclagem de pH (4,6). Doze corpos-de-prova de cada material foram confeccionados e tiveram a microdureza de superfície inicial (MSI) determinada utilizando o microdurômetro Shimadzu HMV-2000 Micro Hardness Tester (carga estática Knoop). Os corpos-de-prova foram submetidos a ciclos de 6 e 18 h para os dois meios de imersão. A cada final de ciclo as soluções foram substituídas e armazenadas. Após 15 dias de imersão, a microdureza de superfície final (MSF) e a liberação de flúor foram determinadas. A dosagem de flúor foi feita com um eletrodo específico combinado para íon flúor (9609 BN - Orion) e analisador de íons digital (Orion 720 A). As variáveis MSI, MSF e liberação de flúor foram submetidas à análise de variância e teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Houve diferença estatisticamente significante na MSF entre os meios de imersão para o Vitremer (pH 4,6 = 40,2 ± 1,5; água = 42,6 ± 1,4), Ketac-Fil Plus (pH 4,6 = 73,4 ± 2,7; água = 58,2 ± 1,3) e Fluorofil (pH 4,6 = 44,3 ± 1,8; água = 38,4 ± 1,0). O Ketac-Fil Plus (9,9 ± 18,0) e o Fluorofil (4,4 ± 1,3) liberaram mais flúor na água; o Vitremer (7,4 ± 7,1), Fuji II LC (5,7 ± 4,7) e o Freedom (2,1 ± 1,7) no pH 4,6. A microdureza e liberação de flúor dos materiais restauradores estudados variaram de acordo com o meio de imersão.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cariostatic Agents/chemistry , Dental Materials/chemistry , Fluorides/chemistry , Acetates/chemistry , Buffers , Calcium/chemistry , Compomers/chemistry , Composite Resins/chemistry , Diffusion , Glass Ionomer Cements/chemistry , Hardness , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Ion-Selective Electrodes , Materials Testing , Maleates/chemistry , Phosphorus/chemistry , Resins, Synthetic/chemistry , Surface Properties , Tromethamine/chemistry , Water/chemistryABSTRACT
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, in vitro, o efeito cariostático de 6 materiais restauradores contendo ou não flúor (Fuji II LC, F-2000, Degufil Mineral, Sure Fil and Z-250) associados à aplicação de dentifrícios (fluoretado e não-fluoretado; Sensodyne Fórmula Original and Sensodyne Sodium Bicarbonate) em esmalte dental humano. Cavidades classe V foram preparadas no esmalte de 240 fragmentos dentais, aleatoriamente divididos em 12 grupos (6 materiais e 2 dentifrícios). Após serem restauradas as cavidades, os fragmentos foram submetidos a ciclos térmicos e de desmineralização e remineralização, simulando um alto desafio cariogênico. Sobre os fragmentos restaurados, ainda, foram aplicados dentifrícios contendo ou não flúor, 5 min por dia. As diferenças no desenvolvimento de lesões experimentais de cárie adjacente às restaurações foram avaliadas por 5 examinadores calibrados, através de inspeção visual, atribuindo-se escores de 0 a 3. Os resultados foram avaliados pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis seguido pelo teste de comparações múltiplas (a=0,05). Quando associados ao dentifrício fluoretado, os materiais restauradores não diferiram entre si em relação ao potencial cariostático (p>0,05). Quando os materiais foram utilizados em associação com o dentifrício não-fluoretado o Ketac-Fil apresentou o maior potencial cariostático, seguido pelo Fuji II LC e pelos demais materiais. O Ketac-Fil foi o único material que não diferiu significativamente quando associado com o dentifrício com ou sem flúor. Sob as condições experimentais do estudo, a associação dos materiais restauradores ao dentifrício fluoretado resultou em uma maior ação cariostática, exceto para o cimento de ionômero de vidro convencional, que não diferiu com a aplicação dos dentifrícios.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cariostatic Agents/chemistry , Dental Restoration, Permanent , Dental Materials/chemistry , Dentifrices/chemistry , Fluorides/chemistry , Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate/chemistry , Compomers/chemistry , Composite Resins/chemistry , Diffusion , Drug Combinations , Dental Cavity Preparation/classification , Dental Cements/chemistry , Dental Enamel/drug effects , Ethanol/chemistry , Glass Ionomer Cements/chemistry , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Materials Testing , Maleates/chemistry , Methacrylates/chemistry , Nitrates/chemistry , Phosphates/chemistry , Polymethacrylic Acids/chemistry , Resins, Synthetic/chemistry , Single-Blind Method , Tooth Remineralization , Tooth Demineralization/physiopathologyABSTRACT
The release of fluoride from restorative materials (Vitremer, Ketac-Fil, Fuji II LC and Freedom) was evaluated during two 15-day periods, before and after a topical application of acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (APF). For each material, 6 specimens were made, which were immersed in 2 ml of deionized water. The fluoride concentration dosages in the solutions were read at intervals of 24 hours for 15 days. After this period, the specimens of each material received treatment with APF gel for 4 minutes and the fluoride released was analyzed at 24-hour intervals during the following 15 days. The analysis of variance and the Tukey test (p < 0.05) showed that the total mean fluoride released during the initial 15 days was greater for Vitremer and Ketac-Fil and lower for Fuji II LC and Freedom; and in the final 15 days there was a difference in release readings, with the greatest value for Vitremer, followed by Fuji II LC, Ketac-Fil and Freedom. The comparison of the results between the 1st day and the 16th day (after gel application) showed a greater fluoride release on the 16th day for Vitremer, Fuji II LC and Freedom and was equal for Ketac-Fil. Although all the materials evaluated gained fluoride with the application of APF, the data suggest that the resin-modified ionomers are more efficient in releasing fluoride to the medium than the other materials
Subject(s)
Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride/chemistry , Dental Restoration, Permanent , Dental Materials/chemistry , Administration, Topical , Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride/administration & dosage , Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride/analysis , Cariostatic Agents/chemistry , Composite Resins/chemistry , Gels , Glass Ionomer Cements/chemistry , Maleates/chemistry , Resins, Synthetic/chemistryABSTRACT
Two metabolites have been isolated from Aspergillus niger AN27, a biocontrol agent, and identified as 2-carboxymethyl 3-n-hexyl maleic acid (compound 1) and 2-methylene-3-hexylbutanedioic acid (compound 2). Their biological activities related to crop growth promotion have been assayed. Both the compounds increased germination and improved crop vigour. Compound 1 was more effective for increase in germination and shoot length, whereas compound 2 had relatively greater role in increasing the root length and biomass of cauliflower seedlings.
Subject(s)
Aspergillus niger/chemistry , Biological Assay , Brassica/drug effects , Germination/drug effects , Maleates/chemistry , Molecular Structure , Plant Shoots/drug effects , Succinates/chemistryABSTRACT
Se observaron con MEB las superficies de preparaciones gingivales en caras libres de molares extraídos. Un grupo de ellas fue utilizado como control y otro sometido a tratamiento con ácidos fosfórico al 35 por ciento (3M). Las superficies adamantinas tratadas con ácido fosfórico presentaron excavaciones de diversas formas y profundidad y las tratadas con ácido maleico, zonas más resistentes a la penetración ácida. Casi todas las superficies dentinarias tratadas con ácido fosfórico presentaron los túbulos abiertos, mientras que la mayoría de las tratadas con ácido maleico mostraban su obliteración parcial. Las superficies adamantinas utilizadas como control presentaban un aspecto liso y en las dentinarias no fue posible distinguir las estructuras características de dicho tejido. Dentro de los límites de este estudio, podría concluirse que el ácido fosfórico sería más efectivo que el maleico para grabar el esmalte y remover el barro dentinario afectando más la matriz intertubular
Subject(s)
Dental Enamel/drug effects , Dentin/drug effects , Acid Etching, Dental/methods , Phosphoric Acids/chemistry , Dental Bonding , Dental Enamel/ultrastructure , Dentin/ultrastructure , Maleates/chemistry , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning/methods , MolarABSTRACT
El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la resistencia de la unión adhesiva de composites a dentina sometida o no a tratamiento láser utilizando un sistema de adhesión. Superficies dentinarias de molares humanos fueron irradiadas o no con un láser de CO2 (Luxar). Sobre ellas se fijaron probetas de composite (Z100 - 3M) previa aplicación del adhesivo Scotchbond Multipropósito (SBMP - 3M). Como agentes para el tratamiento ácido de utilizaron geles de ácido fosfórico al 35 por ciento y ácido maleico al 10 por ciento. Los resultados obtenidos sobre dentina irradiada fueron 17,0 MPa y 17,3 MPa con ácidos fosfórico y maleico, respectivamente. Los valores testigo fueron 16,4 MPa 13,2 MPa con la misma secuencia de ácidos. Las diferencias no fueron encontradas significativas (P mayor 0.05). Puede concluirse que el tratameinto de la dentina con láser de CO2 no altera la interacción adhesiva entre composite (Z100 - 3M)-substrato utilizando el sistema adhesivo SBMP (3M) e independientemente del ácido empleado (fosfórico o maleico)