ABSTRACT
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is currently the most common complication of diabetes. It is considered to be one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and affects many diabetic patients. The pathogenesis of DN is extremely complex and has not yet been clarified; however, in recent years, increasing evidence has shown the important role of innate immunity in DN pathogenesis. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are important components of the innate immune system and have a significant impact on the occurrence and development of DN. In this review, we classify PRRs into secretory, endocytic, and signal transduction PRRs according to the relationship between the PRRs and subcellular compartments. PRRs can recognize related pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), thus triggering a series of inflammatory responses, promoting renal fibrosis, and finally causing renal impairment. In this review, we describe the proposed role of each type of PRRs in the development and progression of DN.
Subject(s)
Humans , Alarmins/physiology , C-Reactive Protein/physiology , Diabetic Nephropathies/etiology , Endocytosis , Immunity, Innate , Mannose-Binding Lectin/physiology , Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules , Receptors, Pattern Recognition/physiology , Serum Amyloid P-Component/physiology , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
Mannose binding lectin is a lectin instrumental in the innate immunity. It recognizes carbohydrate patterns found on the surface of a large number of pathogenic micro-organisms, activating the complement system. However, this protein seems to increase the tissue damage after ischemia. In this paper is reviewed some aspects of harmful role of the mannose binding lectin in ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Lectina de ligação à manose é uma lectina instrumental na imunidade inata. Ela reconhece padrões de hidratos de carbono encontrados na superfície de um grande número de microrganismos patogênicos, que ativam o sistema complemento. No entanto, esta proteína parece aumentar o dano tecidual após isquemia. Neste trabalho são revisados alguns aspectos do papel nocivo da lectina de ligação à manose na lesão de isquemia/reperfusão.
Subject(s)
Humans , Reperfusion Injury/etiology , Coronary Restenosis/etiology , Mannose-Binding Lectin/physiology , Constriction, Pathologic/etiology , Coronary Stenosis/etiologyABSTRACT
La lectina de unión a la manosa (MBL) es una colectina que se sintetiza en el hígado y es secretada al torrente sanguíneo, la cual es capaz de unirse con estructuras repetidas de azúcares presentes en una amplia variedad de bacterias y otros microorganismos promoviendo su eliminación mediante la activación del complemento a través de serín proteasas asociadas. A las deficiencias de MBL se les considera como un importante factor de riesgo de infecciones en niños y en individuos inmunosuprimidos. Se discute la evidencia de que la MBL contribuye de forma importante a la inmunidad innata con el incremento de la susceptibilidad a determinadas enfermedades o la incidencia en el curso de estas. Estudios preliminares del empleo de terapias sustitutivas con MBL han arrojado resultados prometedores, los que deben ofrecer evidencias acerca del significado fisiológico de esta proteína
Subject(s)
Humans , Mannose-Binding Lectin/physiology , Mannose-Binding Lectin/genetics , Mannose-Binding Lectin/chemistry , Mannose-Binding Lectin/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Using RNA extracted from Zantedeschia aethiopica young leaves and primers designed according to the conservative regions of Araceae lectins, the full-length cDNA of Z. aethiopica agglutinin (ZAA) was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length cDNA of zaa was 871 bp and contained a 417 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a lectin precursor of 138 amino acids. Through comparative analysis of zaa gene and its deduced amino acid sequence with those of other Araceae species, it was found that zaa encoded a precursor lectin with signal peptide. Secondary and three-dimensional structure analyses showed that ZAA had many common characters of mannose-binding lectin superfamily and ZAA was a mannose-binding lectin with three mannose-binding sites. Southern blot analysis of the genomic DNA revealed that zaa belonged to a multi-copy gene family