ABSTRACT
A maconha atualmente figura entre as substâncias consideradas ilícitas no Brasil. No entanto, nem sempre foi assim. O processo histórico que culminou com a proibição da maconha no Brasil é datado do início do século XX, perpassado por concepções eugenistas e higienistas que consolidaria o paradigma proibicionista.Todavia, ainda que paulatinamente, o proibicionismo vem sendo questionado em âmbito internacional e já há registros de outros modelos de relação de Estados com as drogas e dos indivíduos com as substâncias psicoativas. Sendo assim, o presente artigo, através da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas, buscou identificar as diferentes maneiras pelas quais a proibição da maconha exerce seus efeitos nas subjetividades de indivíduos militantes, usuários ou não da planta. Dessa maneira, pretende-se demostrar a possibilidade de se pensar novas formas de se relacionar com a maconha, tanto em âmbito individual quanto em âmbito social, e ampliar o conhecimento da população acerca dos efeitos da proibição. (AU)
Marijuana currently ranks among the substances considered illegal in Brazil. However, it was not always like this. The historical process that culminated inthe prohibition of marijuana in Brazil is dated to the beginning of the 20th century, when eugenicist and hygienist ideas helped to consolidated the prohibitionist paradigm. However, even if gradually, prohibitionism has been questioned at the international level and there are already records of other models of relationship between States and drugs and between individuals and psychoactive substances. Therefore, this article, through semi-structured interviews, sought to identify the different ways in which the prohibition of marijuana exerts its effects on the subjectivities of individuals, users or not users of the plant. In this way, it is intended to demonstrate the possibility of thinking about new ways of relating to marijuana, both individually and socially and to broaden the population's knowledge about the effects of the ban. (AU)
La marihuana, en la actualidad, se encuentra como las substancias ilegales en Brasil. Pero no siempre fue así. El proceso histórico que culminó con la prohibición de marihuana en Brasil data del principio del siglo XX, influenciado por concepciones eugénicas e higienistas que consolidarían el paradigma prohibicionista. Aunque gradualmente, el prohibicionismo ha sido cuestionado y ya existen otros modos de relación entre los Estados con las drogas y también de las personas con las substancias. Por ello, este artículo, a través de entrevistas, buscó identificar las diferentes formas que la prohibición de la marihuana ejerce sus efectos sobre la subjetividad. Por lo tanto, tiene la intención de demonstrar la posibilidad de pensar en diferentes modos de relacionarse con la marihuana, tanto individual como socialmente, así como aumentar el conocimiento acerca de los efectos de la criminalización. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Politics , Marijuana Use/legislation & jurisprudence , Brazil , Marijuana Use/ethnologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#This study aimed to describe the status of alcohol consumption and drug use among young adults as well as their determinants.@*METHODS@#We conducted a cross-sectional study of 356 young adults (aged 18 to 24 years) living in Palau in 2013. The prevalence of self-reported alcohol and marijuana usage were compared within and between sexes, age groups, ethnicities, and education levels.@*RESULTS@#The proportion of current drinking was higher in people aged 21-24 than in those aged 18-20 (73.2% vs. 60.9%, p = 0.09 in men and 48.3% vs. 30.0%, p = 0.02 in women), while that of marijuana use did not differ between the age groups. The proportions of current drinking and marijuana use were higher in Palauan than in other ethnicities (current drinking: 70.6% vs. 40.6%, p = 0.005 in men and 38.8% vs. 16.6%, p = 0.04 in women; lifetime marijuana use: 80.0% vs. 52.9%, p = 0.02 in men and 56.1% vs. 30.6%, p = 0.09 in women). The proportion of frequent (3 times or more) marijuana users was higher for the lower educated than for the higher educated (62.5% vs. 32.1%, p < 0.001 in men and 33.9% vs. 24.4%, p = 0.12 in women).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Sex, age, ethnicity, and education were significant determinants of alcohol and marijuana use.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Age Factors , Alcohol Drinking/ethnology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Educational Status , Marijuana Use/ethnology , Palau/epidemiology , Prevalence , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Barbadians, like their Caribbean neighbours, are not newcomers to using herbs for medicinal purposes. It has been suggested that prior to the 1930s and beyond, the herb Cannabis sativa was being used for various ailments. Much of the present debate in Barbados revolves around the increasing recognition that the condemned plant seen as injurious to society, especially the youth, represents a potential treatment for several illnesses. This article specifically examines the social construction of marijuana as a drug or substance of abuse versus its use as a medicine and the impact of the present prohibitionist policy on its use especially as a medicine.
RESUMEN Los barbadenses, al igual que sus vecinos caribeños, no son advenedizos en cuanto al uso de hierbas con propósitos medicinales. Se ha sugerido que antes y después de la década de 1930, la hierba Cannabis sativa era ya utilizada para tratar varias dolencias. Gran parte del actual debate en Barbados gira en torno al creciente reconocimiento de que dicha planta - condenada por considerársele perjudicial para la sociedad y especialmente para la juventud - representa hoy un tratamiento potencial de varias enfermedades. Este artículo examina específicamente la construcción social de la marihuana como droga o sustancia de abuso, frente a su uso como medicamento. Asimismo, se aborda el impacto de la políticas prohibicionistas actuales sobre su uso, especialmente como medicamento.