Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma in Brazilian Children and Adolescents

Children and adolescents are frequently victims of oral and maxillofacial trauma. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of oral and maxillofacial trauma that resulted in police records, in children and adolescents aged between 0 and 16 years during a period of 5 years. Among the 28,200 reports analyzed, 463 were included in the study. The men:women ratio observed was 1.6:1 and the most prevalent age range was between 15-16 years (44.40%). Most trauma cases resulted from physical assault (64.50%) and culminated in soft-tissue lesion (80.36%). Excoriations (28.64%) leaded as the most frequent type of lesion, and the maxillary region (22.63%) was the most common location of injury. The most common type of dental lesion was dental trauma (54.76%), and bone fractures prevailed in the nasal region (36.7%). The findings of this survey may contribute to plan and execute preventive measures as well as to guide curative measures aimed at this population group.

Crianças e adolescentes frequentemente são vítimas de trauma nas regiões oral e maxilofacial. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar as características do trauma na região oral e maxilofacial que resultaram em registros policiais, em crianças e adolescentes na faixa etária de 0 a 16 anos, por um período de 5 anos. Dos 28.200 laudos avaliados, 463 foram incluídos na pesquisa. A taxa homem:mulher observada foi de 1,6:1 e a faixa etária de maior ocorrência foi a de 15-16 anos (44,40%). A maioria dos casos de trauma foi decorrente de agressão física (64,50%) e resultou em lesão de tecido mole (80,36%). Entre os tipos mais frequentes, destacam-se as escoriações (28,64%) e quanto à localização, a região maxilar (22,63%). O tipo de lesão dental mais comum foi trauma dental (54,76%), e as fraturas ósseas predominaram nas regiões nasal (36,7%). Os resultados encontrados podem auxiliar no planejamento e execução de medidas preventivas e direcionar medidas curativas dirigidas a este grupo populacional.

Comportamiento del carcinoma basocelular facial en Artemisa durante la última década / Behavior of facial basocellular carcinoma in Artemisa during the last decade

El carcinoma basocelular representa aproximadamente entre un 70 a un 80 por ciento de los cánceres cutáneos no melanoma, en la población de color de piel blanca y su tasa de incidencia ha incrementado un 20 por ciento en las últimas 2 décadas. Se realizó un estudio observacional de tipo descriptivo y de corte transversal desde enero de 2000 a diciembre de 2009, para determinar el comportamiento del carcinoma basocelular en los pacientes anotados en el registro de solicitud de biopsias del Servicio de Cirugía Máxilofacial del municipio Artemisa. El universo fueron 1 287 individuos y constituyeron la muestra 607 pacientes con diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico de carcinoma basocelular. Se registraron las siguientes variables: grupo de edad, sexo, color de la piel, ocupación, localización del tumor, formas clínicas de presentación y tipo histopatológico. Se confeccionó un formulario y los datos se procesaron estadísticamente por cálculo porcentual. Los resultados se presentaron en tablas. Se obtuvo un 47,1 por ciento con diagnóstico de carcinoma basocelular en ambos sexos, con ligero predominio en el género masculino, los campesinos y constructores resultaron ser los más afectados. La población de piel blanca constituyó el 98,8 por ciento de los pacientes con carcinoma basocelular y el grupo de edad más afectado fue el de 70 años en adelante. La principal región fue la nasal, la forma clínica de presentación nodular perlada fue la más frecuente. Predominó el tipo histopatológico sólido y tres cuartas partes de los pacientes fueron tratados con exéresis simple. Se concluyó que el carcinoma basocelular constituyó la entidad de mayor prevalencia al afectar casi la mitad de la población objeto de estudio(AU)

The basocellular carcinoma account for approximately the 70-80 percent of non-melanoma cutaneous cancer in white persons and its incidence rate has increased in a 20 percent in the two past decades. A cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study was conducted from January, 2000 to December, 2009 to determine the basocellular carcinoma's behavior in patients registered for biopsy of the maxillofacial service of Artemisa municipality. Universe included 1 287 patients and sample 607 patients with a clinical and histopathologic diagnosis of basocellular carcinoma. The following variables were registered: age group, sex, skin color, occupation, tumor location, clinical forms of presentation and histological type. A form was designed and data were statistically processed by means of percentage calculation. Results were presented in tables. There was a 47,1 percent diagnosed with basocellular carcinoma in both sexes with a slight predominance of male sex including peasant farmers and builders as the more involved. The white persons were the 98,8 percent of patients presenting with basocellular carcinoma and the more involved age group was that aged 70 and more. The main region was the nasal one, the more frequent was the clinical form of pearly nodular presentation with predominance of the solid histopathologic type and the three-quarter of patients were treated with simple exeresis. We conclude that the basocellular carcinoma was the more prevalent entity involving almost the half of study population(AU)

Frecuencia de diagnósticos histopatológicos en un periodo de 20 años (1989-2008) / Histopathological diagnosis frequency during 20 years (1989-2008)

Presentar datos sobre el diagnóstico histopatológico que se realizó en el Departamento de Patología Oral de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México, durante el periodo 1989 a 2008. De 2 183 biopsias, las lesiones de tejido óseo comprendieron 637 casos (29,2 por ciento) y las de tejido blando sumaron 1 529 (70,0 por ciento), de tejido dental se procesaron 17 muestras (0,8 por ciento). Los diagnósticos más frecuentes para tejido óseo fueron: granuloma periapical, quiste periapical, quiste dentígero y queratoquiste odontogénico (tumor odontogénico queratoquístico). Los diagnósticos más frecuentes de tejido blando fueron: fibroma, granuloma piógeno, mucocele, carcinoma epidermoide y papiloma. En el maxilar se presentaron 292 casos, en la mandíbula 258 y en 87 muestras no se especificó el maxilar de donde se obtuvo la biopsia. En el tejido blando, de encía se obtuvieron 505 biopsias; labio inferior 164, tejido blando sin especificar 157, lengua 147, mucosa alveolar 146, paladar duro 89 y otras áreas presentaron 321 muestras. De pacientes femeninos fueron 1 370 muestras (62,8 por ciento) y los masculinos con 796 biopsias (36,4 por ciento). Hubo coincidencia entre el diagnóstico clínico con el histopatológico de 1 482 casos (67,9 por ciento), los casos no coincidentes fueron 172 (7,9 por ciento) y 529 casos (24,2 por ciento) donde no se proporcionó diagnóstico clínico, lo cual es aceptable de acuerdo a estudios similares, pero puede ser mejorado substancialmente a través de educación continua(AU)

To submit data on the histopathological diagnosis made in the Oral Pathology Department of Stomatology of Autonomous University in Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico during from 1989 to 2008. From 2 183 biopsies, bone tissue lesions accounted for 637 cases (29.2 percent) and those that soft tissue summarized 1 529 (70 percent), from dental tissue 17 samples (0.8 percent) were processed. For bone tissue the more frequent diagnoses were: periapical granulomas, periapical cyst, dentigerous cyst and odontogenic keratocyst (keratogenic odontogenic tumor). The more frequent diagnoses for the soft tissue are: fibroma, pyogenic granulomas, mucocele, epidermoid carcinoma and papiloma. In maxillary there were 292 cases, in maxilla 258 and in 87 samples there was no specification from which maxillary was obtained the biopsy. In soft tissue, from gum 505 biopsies were obtained, from inferior lip 164, from soft tissue 157 were not specified, tongue 147, alveolar mucosa 146, hard palate 89 and other areas underwent 321 biopsies. From female patients 1 370 biopsies were obtained (62.8 percent) and from male patients 796 biopsies (36.4 percent). There was a coincidence of 1 482 cases (67.9 percent) between the clinical diagnosis and the histopathological one, the no coincident ones summarized 172 (7.9 percent) and 529 cases (24.2 percent) where there wasn't clinical diagnosis being acceptable according to similar studies, but could be significantly improved by a continuous education(AU)

Characteristics of maxillofacial fractures resulting from road traffic accidents- an analysis of 250 patients

The purpose of this study was to document the characteristics of maxillofacial fractures resulting from road traffic accidents. The study was carried on 250 patients presenting with maxillofacial fractures resulting from road traffic accidents. On the basis of history, clinical and radiological examination, fractures were classified as dentoalveolar fracture, mandibular fracture, maxillary fracture [Lefort I, II and III], isolated zygomatic arch fracture, zygomatic complex fracture, nasal bone and orbital fractures. Data was analysed by statistical analysis tool using SPSS version 17. Males in their 2[nd] and 3[rd] decades were the most common victims. Among the isolated bone fractures [n=208], mandible was the most commonly fractured bone [n=104] followed by zygomatic complex [n=50]. The frequently observed pattern among mandibular fracture was parasymphysis [31.6%], among zygomatic complex was Group IV [n=29] while maxillary fractures showed a pattern of combined Lefort I, II and III [n=21]. Road traffic accidents are predictable and preventable. Basic knowledge regarding road safety measures and its implementation is necessary. It can be concluded from this study that majority of the patients were young adult males. The most common bone fractured was mandible both in isolation and combination

Efeitos locais do tamponamento nasal: pesquisa de lesöes e regeneraçöes em Rattus Norvegicus Albinus / Local effects of nasal packing: research of lesions and regenerations using Rattus Norvegicus Albinus

A nossa pesquisa foi elaborada com a finalidade de verificar os efeitos do tamponamento nasal em ratos, usando-se fio de algodäo vaselinado. Trabalhamos com 33 ratos, que foram divididos em vários grupos. No primeiro grupo (A) procuramos determinar possível traumatismo em virtude da técnica adotada. O segundo grupo (B) introduzimos o tampäo, que permaneceu por um período de 1 a 5 dias, com a finalidade de comprovar alteraçöes; o terceiro grupo (C) teve por finalidade o estudo da regeneraçäo das lesöes relativas à variaçöes de tempo nos períodos de 5, 10, 15 e 20 dias, tempos pré-determinados para tal verificaçäo. Em todos os grupos o tampäo permaneceu por 5 dias