Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Morning Sickness , Hyperemesis Gravidarum/diagnosis , Hyperemesis Gravidarum/etiology , Hyperemesis Gravidarum/drug therapy , Promethazine/therapeutic use , Chlorpromazine/therapeutic use , Ondansetron/therapeutic use , Dimenhydrinate/therapeutic use , Histamine Antagonists/therapeutic use , Meclizine/therapeutic use , Metoclopramide/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Meclizine and caffeine combination is used for the treatment of morning sickness. Both compounds are teratogenic and caffeine is known to possess anti-fertility activity also. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the reproductive toxic effect of meclizine and caffeine combination. Three doses were taken for the study; low dose (LD; meclizine 3.7 mg/kg and caffeine 3 mg/kg) was selected from commercially available formulation, middle dose (MD; meclizine 37 mg/kg and caffeine 30 mg/kg) and high dose (HD; meclizine 370 mg/kg and caffeine 300 mg/kg). The mixture was administered 1-7 days and 8-14 days for fertility and embryotoxic studies respectively. Laparotomy was done on 10th day of gestation period. Number of implants and corpora lutea were counted, pre and post-implantation losses were determined. In embryo toxicity study fetuses were evaluated for external, skeletal and visceral examination. High dose was removed from both fertility and embryotoxicity studies due to its severe toxicity to the dam. Significant anti-fertility activity was observed at middle dose. Embryotoxicity study showed significant reduction in fetal body weight, body length and body mass index, dam body weight gain on gestation day 14. Absolute kidney weight in MD and absolute and relative spleen weight in both LD and MD were significantly reduced. There was no increase in external or internal congenital anomalies at both LD and MD. The, results suggest that prescription of meclizine and caffeine for morning sickness in early pregnancy should be reviewed carefully.
Subject(s)
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/etiology , Administration, Oral , Animals , Body Weight/drug effects , Caffeine/administration & dosage , Caffeine/toxicity , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Combinations , Eating/drug effects , Embryonic Development/drug effects , Female , Fertility/drug effects , Fetal Weight/drug effects , Gestational Age , Histamine H1 Antagonists/administration & dosage , Histamine H1 Antagonists/toxicity , Kidney/drug effects , Kidney/pathology , Liver/drug effects , Liver/pathology , Male , Meclizine/drug effects , Meclizine/toxicity , Organ Size/drug effects , Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists/administration & dosage , Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists/toxicity , Rats, Wistar , Spleen/drug effects , Spleen/pathology , Weight Gain/drug effectsABSTRACT
Náusea e vômitos (NV) são os sintomas mais comuns durante a gravidez, geralmente iniciando-se entre a 6ª e a 8ª semana, atingindo a intensidade máxima em torno da 9ª semana e resolvendo-se até a 12ª semana. Embora sua etiologia seja, provavelmente, multifatorial, seu curso clínico se correlaciona com as concentrações plasmáticas da gonadotrofina coriônica humana. Por comprometerem a qualidade de vida, NV devem ser abordados com modificações dietéticas que incluem dieta fracionada e redução do consumo de alimentos gordurosos, entre outras. O uso de piridoxina pode melhorar a náusea de intensidade leve, embora não diminua significantemente os episódios de vômitos. Os anti-histamínicos são os medicamentos mais utilizados como terapia medicamentosa de primeira linha e têm sua segurança comprovada; dentre eles, o dimenidrinato determina início de ação mais rápido e menor sedação que a meclizina. Entre os antagonistas dopaminérgicos, a prometazina e a metoclopramida podem ser utilizadas, mas apresentam como desvantagem o potencial de eventos adversos maternos. O antagonista dos receptores 5-HT3, ondansetrona, pode ser considerado quando outros medicamentos não foram efetivos no tratamento de NV de intensidade grave. Do mesmo modo, os corticosteroides devem ter seu uso reservado para casos não responsivos a outros medicamentos e preferencialmente após a 10ª semana de gestação...
Subject(s)
Dimenhydrinate , Pregnancy , Meclizine , Nausea , Ondansetron , Pyridoxine , Promethazine , VomitingABSTRACT
Three new spectrophotometric procedures for the simultaneous determination of pyridoxine hydrochloride and meclezine hydrochloride are described. The first method depends on the application of simultaneous equation to resolve the interference due to spectral overlapping. The analytical signals were measured at 231 and 220 nm. Calibration graphs were established for 1 to 20 micro GmL-1 for pyridoxine hydrochloride and 0.5 to 10 micro GmL-1 for meclezine hydrochloride in binary mixture. In the second method, the determination of pyridoxine hydrochloride and meclezine hydrochloride was performed by measuring the absorbances at 290 and 235 nm in the simple absorbance spectra of their mixture. In third method a yellowish orange complex of pyridoxine hydrochloride was formed with ferric chloride, which absorbs in the visible region with
Subject(s)
Spectrophotometry/methods , Ferric Compounds , Meclizine/analysis , Pyridoxine/analysis , Spectrophotometry, UltravioletABSTRACT
Los antimicrobianos y principalmente los antibióticos tópicos son un arma terapéutica eficaz y segura en el tratamiento del acné. Antiobióticos tópicos tales como Eritromicina, Clidamicina o Tetraciclina son eficaces en el acné inflamatorio leve a moderado. Su mecanismo de acción es por inhibición de la inflamación más que por un efecto bactericida. Su uso combinado con Peróxido de Benzoílo, Tretinoina o Zinc aumentan su eficacia. Los efectos adversos son leves siendo el de mayor relevancia el desarrollo de cepas resistentes de Propionibacterium Acnes. Nuevos antibióticos tópicos están en investigación siendo una promesa al futuro del tratamiento tópico del acné
Subject(s)
Humans , Acne Vulgaris , Administration, Topical , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Dicarboxylic Acids/administration & dosage , Dicarboxylic Acids/pharmacology , Anti-Infective Agents , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/classification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects , Clindamycin , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Drug Therapy, Combination , Drug Tolerance , Erythromycin , Meclizine , Benzoyl Peroxide/administration & dosage , Benzoyl Peroxide/pharmacology , Propionibacterium acnes , TetracyclinesABSTRACT
Retinal pigment epithelial(RPE) cells play a important role in proliferative retinopathy(PVR) by the collagen production involved in the formation of PVR membrane. To evaluate the effect of L-azetidine-2-carvoxylic acid(LACA), a proline analogue, known as depressing the abnormal cell proliferation and PVR membrane formation, we examined the proliferation, collagen synthesis and migration of cultured bonine RPE cells following the addition of LACA. Differant concentrations of LACA as 1, 10, 50, 100microgram/ml was added to bovine RPE cells and cultured. The cell numbers were measured in 3, 6, 9 days, [3H]-thymidine uptake assay was done to evaluate the change of DNA synthesis, and collagen synthesis and cell migration was measured. The proliferation of PRE cells treated with LACA were significantly inhibited in a concentration and time dependant manner. [3H]-thymidine uptake and collagen synthesis of RPE migration was also significantly inhibited in proportion to the concentration. The results reveal that LACA has an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, collagen synthesis and migration of bovine retinal pigment epithelial cells. It also suggest that the use of LACA to suppress membrane formation in the eyes with PVR can be possible.
Subject(s)
Cell Count , Cell Movement , Cell Proliferation , Collagen , DNA , Epithelial Cells , Meclizine , Membranes , Proline , Retinaldehyde , Vitreoretinopathy, ProliferativeABSTRACT
Se realiza el estudio de las historias clínicas de 185 niños atendidos en la consulta de cefalea del Hospital Docente del Cerro, desde abril de 1988 hasta abril de 1993. Se agruparon los hallazgos clínicos en antecedentes patológicos familiares y personales, características de la cefalea, resultados de la exploración física, investigaciones realizadas y tratamiento recibido. El grupo más afectado fue el de más de 9 años, con predominio del sexo masculino. La variedad de cefalea más frecuente fue la migraña sin aura. En las características del dolor predominaron la localización bifrontal, pulsátil, severo, de 2 ó 3 horas de duración, 2 ó 3 veces a la semana. El tratamiento medicamentoso más utilizado fué meclizine