ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the presentation characteristics and disease course of seven patients with COVID-19 who spontaneously developed pneumomediastinum without a history of mechanical ventilation. METHODS: A total of seven non-intubated patients with COVID-19, of age ranging from 18-67 years, who developed spontaneous pneumomediastinum between 01 April and 01 October 2020 were included in the study. Patients' demographic data, clinical variables, and laboratory values were examined. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum was evaluated using posteroanterior chest radiography and thorax computed tomography. RESULTS: During the research period, 38,492 patients reported to the emergency department of our hospital with COVID-19 symptoms. Of these, spontaneous pneumomediastinum was detected in seven patients who had no previous history of intubation. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2/7) and asthma bronchiale (2/7) were determined as the most common causes of comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, the frequency of spontaneous pneumomediastinum developing without pneumothorax was found to be high in non-intubated patients. Whether this is related to the nature of the disease or it is a result of the increase in cases diagnosed incidentally owing to the increasing use of low-dose computed tomography should be explored in further studies.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Subcutaneous Emphysema , COVID-19 , Mediastinal Emphysema/etiology , Mediastinal Emphysema/epidemiology , Mediastinal Emphysema/diagnostic imaging , Incidence , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
Introducción. La presión positiva continua en la vía aérea ( Continuous Positive Airway Pressure , CPAP) es útil en prematuros de 28 a 32 semanas de gestación con síndrome de dificultad respiratoria, pero no se ha precisado si es mejor que la respiración mecánica asistida después de la administración precoz de surfactante pulmonar. Objetivo. Comparar la incidencia de eventos adversos en prematuros de 28 a 32 semanas de gestación con síndrome de dificultad respiratoria atendidos con surfactante y respiración mecánica asistida o CPAP de burbuja. Materiales y métodos. Se atendieron 147 neonatos con respiración mecánica asistida y 176 con CPAP, ninguno de los cuales presentaba asfixia perinatal o apnea. Resultados. La incidencia de fracaso de la CPAP fue de 6,5 % (IC 95% 11,3-22,8 %). Fallecieron 29 pacientes, 7 de los cuales habían recibido CPAP (4,0 %) y, 22, respiración mecánica asistida (15,0 %; p<0,001). El riesgo relativo (RR) de morir de quienes recibieron CPAP, comparado con el de quienes recibieron respiración mecánica asistida, fue de 0,27 (IC 95% 0,12-0,61), pero, al ajustar por los factores de confusión, el uso de CPAP no implicó mayor riesgo de morir (RR=0,60; IC 95% 0,29-1,24). La letalidad con respiración mecánica asistida fue de 5,70 (IC 95% 3,75-8,66) muertes por 1.000 días-paciente, mientras que con CPAP fue de 1,37 (IC 95% 0,65-2,88; p<0,001). La incidencia de neumopatía crónica fue menor con CPAP (RR=0,71, IC 95% 0,54-0,96), al igual que la de hemorragia cerebral (RR=0,28; IC 95% 0,09-0,84) y la de sepsis (RR=0,67; IC 95% 0,52-0,86), pero fue similar en cuanto a escapes de aire (RR=2,51; IC 95% 0,83-7,61) y enterocolitis necrosante (RR=1,68; IC 95% 0,59-4,81). Conclusión. La incidencia de neumopatía crónica, hemorragia ventricular y sepsis es menor con el uso de CPAP.
Introduction: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is useful in low birth weight infants with respiratory distress, but it is not known if it is a better alternative to mechanical ventilation after early pulmonary surfactant administration. Objective: To compare the incidence of adverse events in 28 to 32-week newborns with respiratory distress managed with mechanical ventilation or CPAP after early surfactant administration. Materials and methods: In total, 176 newborns were treated with CPAP and 147 with mechanical ventilation, all with Apgar scores >3 at five minutes and without apnea. Results: The incidence of CPAP failure was 6.5% (95% CI: 11.3-22.8%); 29 patients died: 7 with CPAP (4.0%) and 22 with mechanical ventilation (15.0%, p<0.001). The relative risk of dying with CPAP versus mechanical ventilation was 0.27 (95% CI: 0.12-0.61), but after adjusting for confounding factors, CPAP use did not imply a higher risk of dying (RR=0.60; 95% CI: 0.29-1.24). Mechanical ventilation fatality rate was 5.70 (95% CI: 3.75-8.66) deaths/1,000 days-patient, while with CPAP it was 1.37 (95% CI: 0.65-2.88, p<0.001). Chronic lung disease incidence was lower with CPAP than with mechanical ventilation (RR=0.71; 95% CI: 0.54-0.96), as were intracranial hemorrhage (RR=0.28, 95% CI: 0.09-0.84) and sepsis (RR=0.67; 95%CI: 0.52-0.86), and it was similar for air leaks (RR=2.51; 95% CI: 0.83-7.61) and necrotizing enterocolitis (RR=1.68, 95% CI: 0.59-4.81). Conclusion: CPAP exposure of premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome is protective against chronic lung disease, intraventricular hemorrhage and sepsis compared to mechanical ventilation. No differences were observed regarding air leak syndrome or death.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Pregnancy , Biological Products/therapeutic use , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/methods , Infant, Premature, Diseases/therapy , Respiration, Artificial , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/therapy , Apgar Score , Chronic Disease , Comorbidity , Cerebral Hemorrhage/epidemiology , Cerebral Hemorrhage/prevention & control , Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/epidemiology , Gestational Age , Hyaline Membrane Disease/drug therapy , Hyaline Membrane Disease/mortality , Hyaline Membrane Disease/therapy , Incidence , Infant, Premature , Intubation, Intratracheal , Infant, Premature, Diseases/drug therapy , Infant, Premature, Diseases/mortality , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Lung Diseases/etiology , Lung Diseases/prevention & control , Mediastinal Emphysema/epidemiology , Mediastinal Emphysema/etiology , Pneumothorax/epidemiology , Pneumothorax/etiology , Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Risk , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/drug therapy , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/mortality , Sepsis/epidemiology , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
El neumomediastino espontáneo (NE) es una entidad infrecuente, de curso habitualmente benigno y resolución espontánea. Se puede vincular a factores desencadenantes o presentarse en ausencia de ellos. se describe un caso de NE y se revisa la literatura puntualizando en aspectos epidemiológicos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos. se enfatiza en el alto índice de sospecha clínica requerido para su diagnóstico, principalmente en pacientes jóvenes que se presentan con dolor torácico.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Mediastinal Emphysema/diagnosis , Mediastinal Emphysema/epidemiology , Mediastinal Emphysema/therapyABSTRACT
Se presentan dos pacientes que consultaron a nuestra institución por dolor pericardial luego de gran consumo de de cocaína inhalada. En ambos casos se descartó infarto agudo de miocardio; por los métodos convencionales y ecocardiografía se documentó neumoparicardio y neumomediastino.