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2.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 26(1): 219-244, Jan.-Mar. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-989868

ABSTRACT

Abstract This paper provides an overview of the state of Mexican genetics and biomedical knowledge during the second half of the twentieth century, as well as its impact on the visual representation of human groups and racial hierarchies, based on social studies of scientific imaging and visualization (SIV) and theoretical concepts and methods. It also addresses the genealogy and shifts of the concept of race and racialization of Mexican bodies, concluding with the novel visual culture that resulted from genetic knowledge merged with the racist phenomenon in the second half of the twentieth century in Mexico.


Resumo Este artigo traça um panorama do estado da genética e do conhecimento biomédico no México durante a segunda metade do século XX, assim como seu impacto na representação visual de grupos humanos e hierarquias raciais, baseado em estudos sociais da imagem e visualização cientifica e de seus métodos e conceitos teóricos. Também aborda a genealogia e as mudanças nos conceitos de raça e racismo nos corpos mexicanos, que resultaram na nova cultura visual fruto do conhecimento genético, interligando-se ao fenômeno do racismo na segunda metade do século XX no México.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Racial Groups/genetics , Biological Evolution , Genetics, Medical/history , Medical Illustration/history , Internationality/history , Racism/history , Mexico
3.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 44(3): 563-576, May-June 2018. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-954037

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Men have most likely been affected by varicocele since the assumption of the upright position. In De Medicina, written during the first century AD, Celsus credits the Greeks with the first description of a varicocele, and he recorded his own acute observation: "The veins are swollen and twisted over the testicle, which becomes smaller". Celsus himself is credited with the distinction between varicocele (dilation of surface veins) and "cirsocele" (dilation of deep veins). There has been a long history of treatment attempts and failures, some of which are remarkably strange, that have sometimes cul- minated in tragedy, as in the case of French professor Jacques-Mathieu Delpech (1772-1832). Although some questions regarding the etiopathology and treatment of varico- cele remain unanswered, a succession of more or less conservative attempts involving all medical cultures has been performed throughout history. The report by W.S. Tulloch in 1952 brought varicocele into the era of modern evidence-based medicine, and varicocele surgery finally progressed beyond the aim of merely relieving scrotal pain and swelling. From 1970 to 2000, varicocelectomies gained worldwide attention for the treatment of male infertility. Several innovative procedures to correct varicoceles began to appear in the world's literature as interventional radiology, microsurgery, laparoscopy, and robotics, while comprehensive review articles were also published on the subject of varicocelectomies. Microsurgery is nowadays used worldwide and it can be considered to be the gold standard for correcting infertility linked to varicocele.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , History, 16th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Varicocele/history , Scrotum/surgery , Scrotum/blood supply , Varicocele/surgery , History, Ancient , History, Medieval , Medical Illustration/history
4.
Int. j. morphol ; 35(2): 711-718, June 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-893044

ABSTRACT

Bajo el Anfiteatro de Anatomía del Instituto de Anatomía de la Universidad de Chile, construido en 1921, se encontraron en el año 2003, 475 láminas anatómicas además de 5 litografías utilizadas para la docencia de la disciplina en el siglo XIX. Muchas generaciones, incluso de docentes de Anatomía Normal que pasaron por las aulas desconocieron tanto su existencia como la importancia cultural que tenían. Con el objeto de remediar esta situación y de preservarlas es que se inicia ese año un registro digital de todas estas obras como una forma de darle valor y la importancia que dicho material tiene y lograr su protección futura. Dispuestas por áreas temáticas, las láminas fueron realizadas por alumnos, docentes y personas externas como una herramienta más que permitiera la enseñanza de la Anatomía en un tiempo dónde las diapositivas y otros medios audiovisuales digitales no existían aún. Utilizando distintas técnicas; lienzos enrollados y guardados en muebles dispuestos especialmente para ello; conservados por el frío y la obscuridad, quedaron ajenos a su destrucción. Por ello, para evitar su deterioro y permitir su conservación, es que se procedió a digitalizar estas obras para luego permitir la creación de un catálogo de las mismas con el fin de preservarlas para las generaciones futuras. Este trabajo cobra nuevo impulso toda vez que el año 2016, el Estado de Chile nomina a estas láminas anatómicas como Monumento Nacional, por su carácter histórico.


In the year 2003, 475 anatomical plates and five lithographs used for teaching anatomy were found underneath the Anatomy Amphitheatre of the Universidad de Chile, where construction began in 1921. Many generations of students, even teachers of Basic Anatomy ignored their existence and the cultural importance of these plates. In an attempt to preserve the plates and lithographs, a digital record was created that year, of all the works in order to afford them their true value and importance, and ensure their future protection. The material was arranged by subject area by students, faculty members and outside individuals, as a mechanism to allow the teaching of anatomy at a time when slides and audiovisual digital material did not exist. They were made using different techniques such as precovered wrapped canvases, stored in specially prepared storage cabinets for their preservation in cold and dark environment, to avoid breakdown and ruin. Therefore, in order to prevent deterioration and allow their conservation, these works were digitalized and a catalogue created for the use of the next generations. This work was further underlined when on January 20, 2016, the State of Chile nominates these anatomical plates a National Monument, in its historical character.


Subject(s)
Anatomy/history , Medical Illustration/history , Teaching Materials , Chile , Museums
5.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 23(4): 1209-1227, oct.-dic. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-828876

ABSTRACT

Resumo A carteira profissional foi criada no Brasil em 1932. Em seguida, surgiram as Inspetorias Regionais do Trabalho, renomeadas, posteriormente, como Delegacias Regionais do Trabalho. No Rio Grande do Sul, a Inspetoria foi instalada em 1933, em Porto Alegre. A logística para a confecção da carteira consistia no preenchimento de uma ficha de qualificação profissional com os dados pessoais e profissionais dos trabalhadores. Um dos campos da ficha se destinava ao registro dos sinais particulares do solicitante, tais como marcas visíveis e falta de membros. Averiguar a presença de um tipo específico de sinal particular é o objetivo deste artigo. Pretende-se trabalhar com as fotografias 3x4 dos trabalhadores que apresentavam sinais de varíola, bem como com outras informações da ficha.


Abstract Work Register Booklet was created in Brazil in 1932. Soon, Regional Labor Inspectorates emerged – after renamed as Regional Office of Labor. In Rio Grande do Sul, this office was settled in 1933 in Porto Alegre. Procedures for making this booklet consisted of filling a professional qualification form with workers’ personal and professional information. One of the fields consisted of requester’s distinguishing signs, like visible marks and lack of limbs. The purpose of this article is to analyse the presence of one of these distinguishing signs. We use 3x4cm photos of workers who presented smallpox signs, as well as other information written in the fields of their forms.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , Photography/history , Smallpox/history , Brazil , Government Agencies/history , Medical Illustration/history , Occupations/history
8.
J. Health Sci. Inst ; 22(1): 75-80, jan.-mar. 2004. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-389322

ABSTRACT

Procura-se demonstrar no presente trabalho a indissolúvel correlação existente entre a Arte e a Anatomia. Inicia-se a abordagem do tema na antiguidade passando-se pelos egíp- cios, hebreus e povos do extremo oriente, chegando-se finalmente aos progressos atingi- dos por gregos e romanos. Ultrapassa-se a seguir o imobilismo da Idade Média para alcan- çar as primeiras conquistas surgidas com o aparecimento das universidades, no início do século XIII d.C., quando então começam a se dissipar as brumas da ignorância que envolveu a Idade Média. Atinge-se a seguir o apagar das luzes do século XV através do movimento denominado Humanismo, precursor da Renascença onde o ideal científico inicia a destruição das amarras impostas pelo pensamento religioso medieval. O comportamento artístico e o conhecimento anatõmico são então acompanhados durante todo o esplendor da Renascença até o surgimento das primeiras grandes publicações anatõmicas com suas famosas ilustrações artísticas. Termina avaliando eticamente as últimas conquistas anatõmicas surgidas no crepúsculo do século XX e suas tentativas de considerar arte meras cópias das idealizações renascentistas.(au)


Subject(s)
Anatomy, Artistic , Art , Medical Illustration/history
10.
Rev. méd. IMSS ; 35(4): 287-94, jul.-ago. 1997. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-226818

ABSTRACT

Con una notable aceptación por parte de los pacientes internados, durante 1995 se sustituyeron algunas camas por hamacas en un hospital rural ubicado en Hecelchakán, Camcpeche. Con la finalidad de elaborar el respectivo proyecto de investigación, efectuamos una revisión histótica y etnográfica que aquí se presenta, sobre el origen, expansión y utilización contemporánea de este singular mueble. Las hamacas son de origen arahuaco, grupo que se ubica en el norte de América del Sur con una expansión cultural hacia las islas caribeñas, donde los europeos pudieron observarse las hamacas por primera vez. En la actualidad son usadas cotidianamente para dormir en toda la Península de Yucatán, en Tabasco y en algunas regiones (sobre todo costeras) de Chiapas, Oaxaca, Guerrero y Veracruz


Subject(s)
Hospitals, Rural/history , History of Medicine , Anthropology, Cultural/history , Medical Illustration/history , Bed Conversion/history , Bed Conversion/trends , Bed Conversion
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