Correlação entre variáveis de composição corporal e metabólica em adolescentes do sexo feminino / Correlación entre variables de composición corporal y metabólica en adolescentes del sexo femenino / Correlation between metabolic and body composition variables in female adolescents

FUNDAMENTO: Análise das alterações metabólicas e de composição corporal em adolescentes. OBJETIVO: Estudar a correlação entre níveis séricos de lipídios, glicemia, insulina, homocisteína, HOMA-IR e pressão arterial, entre si e com variáveis corporais. MÉTODOS: Coletaram-se dados referentes a glicemia, colesterol total e frações (LDL, HDL e VLDL), triacilgliceróis, insulina, homocisteína e pressão arterial em 100 adolescentes de 14 a 17 anos de escolas públicas de Viçosa (MG) que já haviam apresentado a menarca. A porcentagem de gordura corporal ( por centoGC) foi avaliada pela bioimpedância horizontal. RESULTADOS: Em relação ao estado nutricional, 83 por cento, 11 por cento e 6 por cento, respectivamente, apresentaram eutrofia (EU), risco de sobrepeso/sobrepeso (RS/SP) e baixo peso (BP) (CDC/NCHS, 2000), e 61 por cento apresentaram alta por centoGC. O colesterol total foi o que apresentou maior porcentagem de inadequação (57 por cento), seguido do HDL (50 por cento), LDL (47 por cento) e triacilgliceróis (22 por cento). Observou-se inadequação em 11 por cento, 9 por cento, 5 por cento e 4 por cento, respectivamente, em relação à resistência a insulina, insulina, pressão arterial e glicemia. Para colesterol total, insulina, HOMA-IR e estado nutricional, RS/SP>BP (p<0,05). Para as variáveis de composição corporal e estado nutricional, RS/SP>EU>BP (p<0,001). Encontraram-se correlações positivas e fortes entre o IMC e as medidas antropométricas que estimam a por centoGC total, bem como distribuição central, exceto para relação cintura/quadril. A por centoGC correlacionou-se com níveis de insulina (r=0,303; p<0,001) e HOMA-IR (r=0,281; p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Encontraram-se alterações metabólicas ligadas na maioria das vezes ao excesso de peso e de gordura corporal e à resistência a insulina, reforçando a importância de programas específicos de atenção à saúde do adolescente.

BACKGROUND: Analysis of metabolic alterations and body composition in adolescents. OBJECTIVES: To study the correlation of serum levels of lipids, glycemia, insulin, homocysteine, HOMA-IR and blood pressure among themselves and with body variables. METHODS: Data concerning glycemia, total cholesterol and fractions (LDL, HDL and VLDL), triacylglycerols, insulin, homocysteine and blood pressure were measured in 100 adolescents at the age range of 14 to 17 years, who had already had menarche and attended the public schools in Vicosa, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The percentage of body fat ( percentBF) was evaluated by horizontal bioimpedance. RESULTS: In relation to nutritional status, 83 percent, 11 percent and 6 percent, respectively were eutrophic (EU), presented overweight/overweight risk (OW/OR) or low weight (LW) (CDC/NCHS, 2000) and 61 percent presented high percentage of BF. Total cholesterol presented the highest percentage of inadequacy (57 percent), followed by HDL (50 percent), LDL (47 percent) and triacylglycerols (22 percent). Inadequacy in 11 percent, 9 percent, 5 percent and 4 percent were observed in relation to insulin resistance, insulin, blood pressure and glycemia, respectively. For total cholesterol, insulin, HOMA-IR and nutritional state, OW/OR>LW (p<0.05). For body composition and nutritional status, OW/OR>EU>LW (p <0.001). Some positive and strong correlations were found between BMI and the anthropometrical measures estimating the percent of total BF, as well as central distribution, except for the waist/hip ratio. The percentBF was correlated with insulin levels (r=0.303; p <0.001) and HOMA-IR (r=0.281; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Some metabolic alterations, most often related with excess weight and body fat as well as insulin resistance were found, reinforcing the importance of specific programs directed at the adolescent health.

FUNDAMENTO: Análisis de las alteraciones metabólicas y de composición corporal en adolescentes. OBJETIVO: Estudiar la correlación entre niveles séricos de lípidos, glucemia, insulina, homocisteína, HOMA-IR y presión arterial, entre si y con variables corporales. MÉTODOS: Se recolectaron datos referentes a glucemia, colesterol total y fracciones (LDL, HDL y VLDL), triacilgliceroles, insulina, homocisteína y presión arterial en 100 adolescentes de 14 a 17 años de escuelas públicas de Viçosa (MG) que ya habían presentado la menarca. El porcentaje de grasa corporal ( por cientoGC) se evaluó por la bioimpedancia horizontal. RESULTADOS: Con relación al estado nutricional, el 83 por ciento, el 11 por ciento y el 6 por ciento, respectivamente, presentaron eutrofia (EU), riesgo de sobrepeso/sobrepeso (RS/SP) y bajo peso (BP) (CDC/NCHS, 2000), y el 61 por ciento presentaron alta por cientoGC. El colesterol total fue el que presentó mayor porcentaje de inadecuación (57 por ciento), seguido del HDL (50 por ciento), LDL (47 por ciento) y triacilgliceroles (22 por ciento). Se observó inadecuación en el 11 por ciento, el 9 por ciento, el 5 por ciento y el 4 por ciento, respectivamente, con relación a la resistencia a la insulina, la insulina, la presión arterial y la glucemia. Para colesterol total, insulina, HOMA-IR y estado nutricional, RS/SP>BP (p<0,05). Para las variables de composición corporal y el estado nutricional, RS/SP>EU>BP (p<0,001). Se evidencian correlaciones positivas y fuertes entre el IMC y las mediciones antropométricas que estiman la por cientoGC total, así como la distribución central, excepto para la relación cintura/cadera. La por cientoGC se correlacionó con niveles de insulina (r=0,303; p<0,001) y HOMA-IR (r=0,281; p<0,001). CONCLUSIÓN: Se evidencian alteraciones metabólicas relacionadas en la mayor parte de las veces al exceso de peso y de grasa corporal y a la resistencia a la insulina, reforzando la importancia de programas ...

Prevalence of anemia among urban school children of Punjab.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of anemia among urban school children of Punjab. DESIGN: Cross sectional study. SETTING: Urban schools of Ludhiana, Punjab. SUBJECTS: Two thousand school children of 5-15 years age. METHODS: Relevant history was taken and a complete physical examination done in all the children. Hemoglobin was estimated using cynmethemoglobin method and peripheral blood smears were also examined. Anemia was diagnosed when hemoglobin was less than 11 g/dl for children of 5-6 years age and 12 g/dl for more than 6 years age. RESULTS: Overall prevalence of anemia was 51.5%. Girls had a significantly higher prevalence of anemia except at 5 years and 10-12 years age. More menarcheal girls were anemic as compared to non-menarcheal ones. The prevalence of anemia was high (38%) even in higher socioeconomic groups. Nearly half (47.6%) of well nourished children were anemic. The mean Hb also was lower than expected normal values in both nutritional groups. Compared to non-vegetarians (38%), more vegetarians (65.9%) were anemic. The commonest blood picture seen was microcytic hypochromic (55.4%). CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed a high prevalence of anemia among healthy urban school children of higher socio-economic classes. Vegetarians and girls, especially after menarche were more at risk to develop anemia.