ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Motor function, cognition, functional independence and quality of life have been described in myelomeningocele patients, but no study has investigated their relationships. We aimed to investigate the relationships between motor function, cognition, functional independence, quality of life, age, and lesion level in myelomeningocele patients, and investigate the influence of hydrocephalus on these variables. We assessed 47 patients with the Gross Motor Function Measure (motor function), Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices (cognition), Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (functional independence) and the Autoquestionnaire Qualité de vie Enfant Imagé (quality of life). Spearman's correlation tests determined relationships between the variables. The Friedman ANOVAs determined the influence of hydrocephalus. Motor function was strongly related to mobility and lesion level, and moderately related to cognition, self-care and social function. Cognition and quality of life were moderately related to functional independence. Age correlated moderately with functional independence and quality of life. Hydrocephalus resulted in poorer motor/cognitive outcomes and lower functional independence.
RESUMO Função motora, cognição, independência funcional e qualidade de vida foram descritos em pacientes com mielomeningocele (MMC), mas sua correlação não foi investigada. Esse estudo investigou correlações entre função motora, cognição, independência funcional, qualidade de vida, idade, nível de lesão em pacientes com MMC e a influência da hidrocefalia nessas variáveis. Quarenta e sete pacientes foram avaliados com a Medida de Função Motora Grossa, Matrizes Progressivas de Raven, Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade e Autoquestionnaire Qualité de vie Enfant Imagé. Testes de Spearman investigaram as correlações. ANOVAS de Friedman investigaram a influência da hidrocefalia. A função motora correlacionou-se fortemente com mobilidade e nível de lesão e moderadamente com cognição, auto-cuidado e função social. Cognição e qualidade de vida correlacionaram-se moderadamante com independência funcional. Idade correlacionou moderadamente com independência funcional e qualidade de vida. Hidrocefalia associou-se a piores desfechos motores/cognitivos e menor independência funcional.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Quality of Life/psychology , Meningomyelocele/psychology , Cognition/physiology , Cognition Disorders/psychology , Hydrocephalus/complications , Motor Skills/physiology , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Age Distribution , Statistics, Nonparametric , Disability Evaluation , Independent LivingABSTRACT
El mielomeningocele (MMC) es la forma más grave de los disrafismos de la columna vertebral. Afecta a 1/1200 recién nacidos vivos. Su etiología es multifactorial. El 80% cursa con hidrocefalia (HC) asociada a malformación de Arnold Chiari. El coeficiente intelectual (CI) oscila en un rango entre fronterizo y normal promedio. La tasa mundial de la población general de zurdos es del 10% pero se describe un aumento de su presentación en niños con MMC. Además se evidencian déficits visoespaciales, grafomotores, atencionales, memorísticos, dificultades en aritmética y en la comprensión de textos. Materiales y métodos: Este es un trabajo analítico, descriptivo, transversal. Se evaluaron 179 pacientes derivados del Consultorio Interdisciplinario de MMC; edad: entre 5 años, 0 meses y 15 años, 11 meses. No se emplearon controles sanos. Instrumentos administrados: Stanford Binet IV, Prolec Prolec-Se, Wrat3, TMT A y B, d2, Stroop y pruebas de lateralidad de Zazzo. Objetivo: Describir la lateralidad, el perfil cognitivo y el rendimiento escolar en pacientes pediátricos con patología de mielomeningocele, analizando también las funciones ejecutivas, los procesos atencionales, memorísticos y la modalidad escolar en la cual se encuentran inmersos. Resultados: El 20% (35/179 pacientes) con edades que oscilan entre los 5 años, 0 meses y 15 años, 11 meses han presentado lateralidad zurda, y de ellos presentaban antecedentes familiares de zurdera 26%. Se observó lateralidad cruzada en 6% y eran ambidiestros 11%. El perfil cognitivo de la muestra completa (N: 179) fue homogéneo en todas las áreas (verbal, abstracto/visual y memoria de corto plazo), arrojando puntuaciones fronterizas. En pruebas atencionales el 100% obtuvo niveles descendidos. Todos reportaron dificultades en el rendimiento escolar. Sólo el 14% tuvo plan de integración y el 11% accedió a algún tipo de tratamiento. Conclusiones: Los niños con MMC evidencian déficits neuropsicológicos y alta tasa de zurdera, siendo probablemente los problemas de lateralidad una de las causas que ocasionarían el bajo rendimiento escolar y afectando el rendimiento académico (AU)
Myelomeningocele (MMC) is the most severe form of spinal dysraphism, affecting 1/1200 live newborns. Its etiology is multifactorial. Overall, 80% develops hydrocephalus (HC) associated with an Arnold Chiari malformation. The intelligence quotient (IQ) ranges from borderline to average. The worldwide incidence in the general population of left-handedness is 10%; however, an increase is found among children MMC. Additionally, visuospatial, graphomotor, attention, memory deficits as well as difficulties in arithmetic and text comprehension is found. Material and methods: A cross-sectional, analytical, descriptive study was conducted. Overall, 179 patients aged between 5 years 0 months and 15 years 11 months referred from the interdisciplinary MMC clinic were evaluated. No healthy control group was used. Instruments administrated: Stanford Binet IV, Prolec Prolec-Se, Wrat3, TMT A and B, d2, Stroop and Zazzo's laterality test. Aim: To describe laterality, cognitive profile, and school performance in pediatric patients with MMC, analyzing executive functions, attention and memory, and the school system the children were attending. Results: 20% (35/179 patients) aged between 5 years, 0 months and 15 years, 11 months were left-handed, 26% of whom had a family history of left-handedness. Cross dominance was observed in 6% and ambidexterity in 11%. Overall, the cognitive profile of the sample (N: 179) was homogeneous in all areas (verbal, abstract/visual, and short-term memory), with borderline scores. In attention tasks, levels were low in 100%. All children had difficulties in school performance. Only 14% had an integration program and 11% received some type of treatment. Conclusions: Children with MMC show neuropsychological deficits and a high rate of left-handedness, the latter of which may be one of the causes of poor school performance and affecting academic achievements (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Academic Performance , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Cognition Disorders/etiology , Functional Laterality , Meningomyelocele/psychology , Neuropsychological Tests , Spinal Dysraphism/psychology , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Descrever o desempenho de indivíduos com mielomeningocele quanto às habilidades psicolinguísticas e escolares. MÉTODOS: Participaram cinco indivíduos, com idade cronológica entre 9 anos e 10 meses e 11 anos e 7 meses, com diagnóstico de mielomeningocele e lesão lombo-sacral (Grupo 1 - G1), e cinco indivíduos com desenvolvimento típico (Grupo 2 - G2), que foram pareados ao G1 quanto a idade, gênero e grau de escolaridade. A avaliação constou de entrevista com os responsáveis e aplicação dos seguintes testes: Teste de Illinois de Habilidades Psicolinguísticas; Teste de Desempenho Escolar; Teste de Velocidade de Leitura; e Teste de Nomeação Automática Rápida. RESULTADOS: A comparação entre os grupos nos subtestes do Teste de Illinois de Habilidades Psicolinguísticas indicou que os valores máximos obtido pelo G1 corresponderam aproximadamente aos valores mínimos obtidos pelo G2, confirmando a diferença entre eles, exceto para o subteste closura auditiva. No Teste de Desempenho Escolar foram observadas alterações significativas no desempenho do G1 em todas as provas. Nos testes de Velocidade de Leitura e de Nomeação Rápida, os indivíduos do G1 também apresentaram prejuízos consideráveis, cometendo mais erros nas tarefas e realizando a atividade de modo mais lento. CONCLUSÃO: Indivíduos com mielomeningocele apresentam alterações nas habilidades psicolinguísticas, no desempenho escolar, na velocidade de leitura e na nomeação automática rápida.
PURPOSE: To describe the performance of individuals with myelomeningocele regarding psycholinguistic and scholastic abilities. METHODS: Participants were five individuals with myelomeningocele and lumbar sacral abnormalities, and chronological age between 9 years and 10 months and 11 years and 7 months (Group 1 - G1); five subjects with typical development (Group 2 - G2), matched to G1 for age, gender, and educational level. The evaluation consisted of interview with parents/caregivers, and application of the following tests: Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA); School Performance Test; Speed Reading Test; and Rapid Automatized Naming Test. RESULTS: The between-groups comparison in the ITPA subtests showed that the maximum values obtained by G1 corresponded approximately to the minimum values obtained by G2, confirming the difference between the groups, except for the auditory closure subtest. In the Scholastic Performance Test, significant alterations were observed on the performance of G1 in all tasks. In the Speed Reading and Rapid Automatized Naming tests, individuals in G1 also presented considerable deficits, making more mistakes and spending more time than G2 to perform the same tasks. CONCLUSION: Individuals with myelomeningocele present deficits in psycholinguistic abilities, school performance, reading speed, and rapid automatized naming.