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1.
Distúrbios Comun. (Online) ; 36(1): e64339, 17/06/2024.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1556340

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A alimentação aparece em todas as explicações sobre os processos e ações humanas, o que confirma o fato de não ser uma conduta natural, mas efeito da interação entre indivíduos, inaugurada na relação mãe-bebê. Objetivo: Identificar apagamentos, lapsos e resistência nas memórias de mães de crianças, adolescentes e jovens adultos primogênitos, sobre o processo de alimentação de seus filhos. Método: descritivo, exploratório realizado com mães de crianças, adolescentes e adultos com desenvolvimento típico que responderam a um questionário sobre a alimentação. Resultados: As perguntas relativas à amamentação e ao desmame foram respondidas de forma assertiva, mostrando que estes são fatos simbólicos, que marcam a lembrança materna. Conclusão: As lembranças maternas sobre as cenas alimentares com seus filhos mostram os movimentos de união e separação entre o par interacional. É possível apontar que apenas para as perguntas relativas à amamentação e ao desmame as respostas são totalmente assertivas, indiciando que são fatos simbólicos que marcam a memória materna. (AU)


Introduction: Feeding appears in all explanations about human processes and actions, which confirms the fact that it is not a natural behavior, but an effect of the interaction between individuals, initiated in the mother-baby relationship. Objective: To identify erasures, lapses and resistance in the memories of mothers of first-born children, adolescents and young adults, about the process of feeding their children. Method: descriptive, exploratory carried out with mothers of children, adolescents and adults with typical development who responded to a questionnaire about nutrition. Results: Questions regarding breastfeeding and weaning were answered assertively, showing that these are symbolic facts, which mark maternal memories. Conclusion: Maternal memories of eating scenes with their children show the movements of union and separation between the interactional pair. It is possible to point out that only for the questions related to breastfeeding and weaning the answers are completely assertive, indicating that they are symbolic facts that mark maternal memory. (AU)


Introducción: La alimentación aparece en todas las explicaciones sobre los procesos y acciones humanas, lo que confirma que no es un comportamiento natural, sino un efecto de la interacción entre individuos, iniciada en la relación madre-bebé. Objetivo: Identificar borramientos, lapsos y resistencias en los recuerdos de madres de primogénitos, adolescentes y adultos jóvenes, sobre el proceso de alimentación de sus hijos. Método: descriptivo, exploratorio realizado con madres de niños, adolescentes y adultos con desarrollo típico que respondieron un cuestionario sobre nutrición. Resultados: Las preguntas sobre lactancia materna y destete fueron respondidas de manera asertiva, demostrando que se trata de hechos simbólicos, que marcan los recuerdos maternos. Conclusión: Los recuerdos maternos de escenas de comida con sus hijos muestran los movimientos de unión y separación entre la pareja interaccional. Es posible señalar que sólo para las preguntas relacionadas con la lactancia materna y el destete las respuestas son completamente asertivas, indicando que son hechos simbólicos que marcan la memoria materna. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Mental Recall , Feeding Behavior , Mothers/psychology , Weaning , Breast Feeding , Child Development , Surveys and Questionnaires , Child Nutrition , Adolescent Nutrition , Mother-Child Relations/psychology
2.
Neuroscience Bulletin ; (6): 147-156, 2024.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1010679

ABSTRACT

The prefrontal cortex and hippocampus may support sequential working memory beyond episodic memory and spatial navigation. This stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) study investigated how the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) interacts with the hippocampus in the online processing of sequential information. Twenty patients with epilepsy (eight women, age 27.6 ± 8.2 years) completed a line ordering task with SEEG recordings over the DLPFC and the hippocampus. Participants showed longer thinking times and more recall errors when asked to arrange random lines clockwise (random trials) than to maintain ordered lines (ordered trials) before recalling the orientation of a particular line. First, the ordering-related increase in thinking time and recall error was associated with a transient theta power increase in the hippocampus and a sustained theta power increase in the DLPFC (3-10 Hz). In particular, the hippocampal theta power increase correlated with the memory precision of line orientation. Second, theta phase coherences between the DLPFC and hippocampus were enhanced for ordering, especially for more precisely memorized lines. Third, the theta band DLPFC → hippocampus influence was selectively enhanced for ordering, especially for more precisely memorized lines. This study suggests that theta oscillations may support DLPFC-hippocampal interactions in the online processing of sequential information.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Young Adult , Male , Epilepsy , Hippocampus , Memory, Short-Term , Mental Recall , Prefrontal Cortex , Theta Rhythm
3.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e244422, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1431118

ABSTRACT

Funções executivas (FE) referem-se ao conjunto de habilidades que, de forma integrada, coordenam o comportamento e a cognição. Assim, o comprometimento no desenvolvimento das FE está ligado a vários desfechos negativos ao longo da vida. Portanto, a avaliação dessas habilidades na infância é essencial para identificar e prevenir prejuízos na vida adulta. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar evidências de validade do Teste Informatizado para Avaliação das Funções Executivas (Tafe) pelo critério de idade e pelo padrão de correlação entre medidas do TAFE e outras medidas de FE. Para isso, foi utilizada uma amostra de 51 crianças, entre 4 e 10 anos de idade, matriculadas em uma escola privada na cidade de Goiânia (GO), da pré-escola ao 4º ano do ensino fundamental. Como instrumentos, foram utilizados, além do Tafe, as tarefas de Bloco de Corsi, Teste de Trilhas A e B, Teste de Trilhas Pré-Escolares, Teste de Stroop Pré-Escolares e Subteste Dígitos da Escala Wechsler de Inteligência. Foram conduzidas análises estatísticas Kruskal Wallis para verificar a evidência de validade por relação com idade e análises de correlação não paramétrica de Spearman para avaliar as evidências de validade convergente. O instrumento investigado mostrou-se efetivo para discriminar entre as diferentes faixas etárias, assim, sensível ao desenvolvimento das FE. Os resultados obtidos no Tafe correlacionaram-se aos obtidos em outros testes que também avaliaram FE, mostrando claros padrões de convergência. Logo, as análises dos resultados fornecem evidências de validade ao Tafe, derivadas a partir de diferentes estratégias de investigação.(AU)


Executive functions (EF) refer to the set of skills that, in an integrated way, coordinate behavior and cognition. Thus, the commitment in developing EF is linked to several negative outcomes throughout life. Therefore, the assessment of these abilities in childhood is essential to identify and prevent possible harm in adult life. This study aimed to investigate evidences of validity of the Computerized Test for Evaluation of Executive Functions (TAFE) by the age criterion and by the pattern of correlation between TAFE measures and other EF measures. To this end, a sample of 51 children, between 4 and 10 years old, enrolled in a private school in the municipality of Goiânia (GO), from preschool to the 4th year of elementary school, was used. As instruments, in addition to TAFE, the tasks of Corsi Block, Trails Test A and B, Preschool Trails Test, Preschool Stroop Test and the Digits Subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale were used. Kruskal Wallis statistical analyzes were conducted to verify the evidence of validity by age criteria and Spearman's nonparametric correlation analysis to assess evidence of convergent validation. The instrument investigated was effective to discriminate between different age groups, thus being sensitive to the development of EF. The results obtained in TAFE were correlated with those obtained in other tests that also assess FE, showing patterns of convergence. Therefore, the analysis of the results provides validation evidence to TAFE, derived from different investigation methods.(AU)


Las funciones ejecutivas (FE) se refieren al conjunto de habilidades que coordinan la conducta y la cognición. Así, el deterioro en el desarrollo de FE está relacionado con varios resultados negativos durante la vida. Por tanto, la valoración de estas habilidades en la infancia es fundamental para identificar y prevenir posibles daños en la vida adulta. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la evidencia de validez de la Prueba Computarizada para Evaluación de Funciones Ejecutivas (Tafe) por el criterio de edad y convergencia entre las medidas Tafe y otras medidas de FE. Para ello, se utilizó una muestra de 51 niños, de entre 4 y 10 años de edad, matriculados en un colegio privado de Goiânia (Goiás, Brasil) desde la preescolar hasta 4.º de primaria. Como instrumentos, además del Tafe, se utilizaron las tareas de Bloque de Corsi, el Test de los senderos A y B, el Test de los Senderos Preescolares, el Test de Stroop Preescolar y la Subprueba de Dígitos de la Escala Wechsler de Inteligencia. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos de Kruskal Wallis para verificar la validez por criterios de edad y análisis de correlación no-paramétrica de Spearman para evaluar la evidencia de validez convergente. Tafe demostró ser efectivo para discriminar entre diferentes grupos de edad, así es sensible al desarrollo de FE. Los resultados en Tafe se correlacionaron con los obtenidos en otras pruebas de FE, lo que muestra claros patrones de convergencia. Por tanto, el análisis aporta evidencias de validez para Tafe, derivadas de diferentes estrategias de investigación.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Cognition , Pliability , Inhibition, Psychological , Memory, Short-Term , Perception , Aptitude Tests , Play and Playthings , Play Therapy , Primary Health Care , Problem Solving , Psychological Phenomena , Psychological Tests , Psychology , Mental Recall , Recreation , Retention, Psychology , Attention , Schools , Auditory Perception , Social Adjustment , Social Support , Speech Perception , Stress, Psychological , Task Performance and Analysis , Technology , Therapeutics , Thinking , Wechsler Scales , Behavior , Behavioral Sciences , Neurosciences , Adaptation, Psychological , Child , Child Care , Child, Preschool , Environmental Monitoring , Organizations , Child Health , Cognitive Dissonance , Statistics, Nonparametric , Consciousness , Intuition , Neurobehavioral Manifestations , Behavioral Disciplines and Activities , Self Efficacy , Creativity , Recognition, Psychology , Personal Autonomy , Access to Information , Comprehension , Growth and Development , Discrimination, Psychological , Education , Emotions , Planning , Cerebrum , Resilience, Psychological , Executive Function , Stroop Test , Mindfulness , Spatial Memory , Self-Control , Metacognition , Wechsler Memory Scale , Memory and Learning Tests , Self-Management , Mentalization , Frustration , Systematic Review , Emotional Regulation , Multidimensional Scaling Analysis , Self-Testing , Functional Status , Social Interaction , Cognitive Training , Processing Speed , Psychological Growth , Higher Nervous Activity , Human Activities , Imagination , Language Development , Language Development Disorders , Learning , Mental Processes , Motor Activity , Neuropsychological Tests , Neuropsychology
4.
aSEPHallus ; 18(35): 121-133, nov. 2022-abr. 2023.
Article in Portuguese | INDEXPSI, LILACS | ID: biblio-1436672

ABSTRACT

O presente trabalho busca investigar as condições de possibilidade para o testemunho das vítimas da ditadura militar brasileira. O fim da ditadura foi marcado por um Projeto de Lei de Anistia que impossibilitou uma investigação jurídica e a produção de espaços para que as vítimas pudessem falar sobre o que viveram e sofreram. Partimos da hipótese de que essa impossibilidade trouxe consequências para o modo com que o país se organizou pós-ditadura, de tal forma que parte da sociedade nega os abusos cometidos pelo regime e pede por seu retorno. Há uma política do esquecimento que atravessou não só o modo com que a ditadura militar se organizou, mas também a forma com que os testemunhos das vítimas do regime foram silenciados, pois mesmo quando tentam falar sobre o que viveram, seus testemunhos não reverberam na sociedade. Portanto, há um não querer saber e um silêncio que marcam qualquer tentativa das vítimas do regime de testemunhar


Ce travail montre une recherche sur les conditions de possibilité du témoignage des victimes de la dictature militaire brésilienne. La fin de la dictature a été marquée par un Projet de Loi D'amnistie qui a rendu impossible une enquête judiciaire et la création d'espaces qui permettant aux victimes de parler sur ce qu'elles ont vécu et souffert. Nous partons de l'hypothèse que cette impossibilité a eu des conséquences sur la manière dont le pays s'est organisé après la dictature, de telle manière qu'une partie de la société nie les abus commis par le régime et appelle à son retour. Il y a une politique de l'oubli qui a traversé non seulement la manière dont la dictature militaire s'est organisée, mais aussi la manière dont les témoignages des victimes du régime ont été réduits au silence, parce que même lorsqu'ils essaient de parler de ce qu'ils ont vécu, leurs témoignages ne se répercutent pas dans la société. Par conséquent, il y a un refus de savoir et un silence qui marque toute tentative de témoignage de la part des victimes du régime.


This work seeks to investigate the possibility conditions to the brazilian dictatorship victims' testimony. The end of the dictatorship was marked by an Amnesty Law Project that made it impossible for legal research to happen, so as the production of spaces for the victims to talk about what they have lived and suffered. We start from the hypothesis that the impossibility brought consequences to the country organization mode after the dictatorship, in a way that part of the society denies the abuses committed by the regime and still asks for his return. There is an oblivion politics that not only over the dictatorship's organization, but also trough the way that the victims' testimony were silenced, because even when they try to talk about what they lived, their testimonies don't make a sound in the society. Therefore, it remains something close to a "dont want to know about that" and a silence that marks any attempt for the regime victims to testify.


Subject(s)
Humans , Political Systems , Mental Recall , Crime Victims/psychology , Politics , Torture , Brazil
5.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 42: e239089, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1422392

ABSTRACT

The life script construct refers to the semantic knowledge shared by individuals from a given culture and reflects the expectations about when specific events are supposed to happen. This study aimed to identify whether a life script for Brazilian culture and its characteristics exists. Three hundred and eighty-four participants reported the seven most important events in the life of a hypothetical newborn of their same gender and culture. For each event, they informed an estimate of age and levels of importance, prevalence, and valence. Our results showed that most of the events cited were considered positive and expected to happen before age 30. The ages from 15 to 30 had the most positive events (51.9%). Events before age 15 were rated as more prevalent and important. The results are discussed as representations of lifetime development benchmarks within the Brazilian population and compared to other countries' data on life scripts.(AU)


O construto de roteiro de vida se refere ao conhecimento semântico compartilhado entre indivíduos de uma cultura e reflete as expectativas acerca de eventos específicos esperados. Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar se existe um roteiro de vida para a cultura brasileira e quais seriam suas características. Trezentos e oitenta e quatro participantes relataram quais os sete eventos mais importantes que provavelmente acontecerão na vida de um recém-nascido hipotético da mesma cultura e gênero que eles. Para cada evento, os participantes informaram estimativas de idade e níveis de importância, de prevalência e de valência. Os resultados mostram que a maioria dos eventos citados foram considerados positivos (51,9%). Eventos estimados para acontecer antes dos 15 anos de idade foram classificados como mais prevalentes e importantes. Os resultados são discutidos como representações de referências do desenvolvimento ao longo da vida na população brasileira e comparados com dados de roteiros de vida de outros países.(AU)


La construcción del guion de vida se refiere al conocimiento semántico que se comparte entre los individuos de una cultura y refleja las expectativas sobre eventos específicos que se espera ocurran en una vida típica. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar eventos en el guion de vida para la cultura brasileña y cuáles serían sus características. Trescientos ochenta y cuatro participantes informaron cuáles son los siete eventos más importantes en la vida de un hipotético recién nacido de la misma cultura y género que ellos. Para cada evento, se informaron estimaciones de edad y niveles de importancia, prevalencia y valencia. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de los eventos mencionados se consideraron positivos (51,9%). Los eventos de antes de los 15 años fueran más frecuentes y se clasificaron como los importantes. Los resultados se discuten como representaciones de referencias de desarrollo de por vida en la población brasileña y se comparan con datos de los itinerarios de vida de otros países.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Memory, Long-Term , Life History Traits , Memory , Quality of Life , Mental Recall , Therapeutics , Neurosciences , Cognition , Culture , Life Change Events
6.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 79(11): 963-973, Nov. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1350144

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: There are no studies on adults with unilateral brain lesions regarding story reading with incidental/implicit comprehension and memory, in which memory is only assessed through delayed recall. There is a need for validation of cerebral laterality in this type of verbal recall, which includes spontaneous performance (free or uncued condition (UC)), and induced-through-question performance regarding the forgotten units (cued condition (CC)). Objectives: To explore the effects of unilateral brain lesions, of oral reading with expression (RE) and comprehension (RC) on delayed recall of a story, as either UC or CC; and to validate the ability of UC and CC to discriminate the side of brain injury. Methods: Data were obtained from 200 right-handed volunteers, among whom 42 had left-hemisphere injury (LHI), 49 had right-hemisphere injury (RHI) and 109 were demographically-matched healthy participants (HP). Patients who were unable to read, understand or speak were excluded. Results: LHI individuals presented impairment of both UC and CC, in relation to the other two groups (non-LHI) with sensitivity and specificity above 70%. LHI and RHI individuals were not significantly different in RE and RC, but they were both different from HP in all the assessments except CC, in which RHI individuals resembled HP. Despite this lack of abnormality in RHI individuals during CC, about half of this group showed impairment in UC. Additionally, whereas RE had a significant effect on UC, the moral of the story (RC) had a significant effect on both UC and CC. Conclusions: The left hemisphere was dominant for this memory task involving implicit processing.


RESUMEN Antecedentes: No existen estudios en adultos con lesiones cerebrales unilaterales sobre la lectura de una historia, con comprensión y memoria incidental/implícita, midiendo sólo el recuerdo diferido. Se necesita validar la lateralidad cerebral en este tipo de recuerdo verbal que incluye: desempeño espontáneo (condición sin claves (CS) o libre) y desempeño inducido con preguntas sobre las unidades olvidadas (condición con claves (CC)). Objetivos: Explorar el efecto de las lesiones cerebrales unilaterales, la lectura expresiva (LE) y la comprensiva (LC), sobre el recuerdo diferido de una historia, sea CS o CC. Validar CS y CC en su capacidad para discriminar el lado de la lesión cerebral. Métodos: Los datos se obtuvieron de 200 voluntarios diestros, 42 con lesiones del hemisferio izquierdo (LHI), 49 con lesiones del hemisferio derecho (LHD), y 109 participantes sanos (PS), equiparados demográficamente. Se excluyeron los pacientes que no pudieron leer, entender o hablar. Resultados: LHI resultó perjudicado respecto de los otros dos grupos (no-LHI) en CS y CC, con una sensibilidad y especificidad superior al 70%. LHI y LHD no se diferenciaron significativamente en LE ni LC, pero ambos fueron diferentes de los PS en todas las evaluaciones excepto CC, en donde LHD se asemejó a los PS. A pesar de esta ausencia de anomalía en LHD durante CC, aproximadamente la mitad de LHD mostró deterioro en CS. Además, mientras que LE tuvo un efecto significativo en CS, la moraleja de la historia (LC) tuvo un efecto significativo tanto en CS como en CC. Conclusiones: El hemisferio izquierdo fue dominante para esta tarea de memoria que involucró procesamiento implícito.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Reading , Comprehension , Mental Recall , Dominance, Cerebral , Functional Laterality , Neuropsychological Tests
7.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 59(3): 176-184, sept. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388396

ABSTRACT

Resumen Los conocimientos actuales sobre la salud de las personas mayores permiten afirmar que es posible mejorar su calidad de vida, especialmente a través del uso de técnicas no farmacológicas de carácter preventivo. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar una aplicación piloto de un Programa de Reminiscencia Positiva (REMPOS) que en otros países como España y México han demostrado ser efectivo en personas mayores con deterioro cognitivo leve y en población normal institucionalizadas. La población fue de 60 personas mayores pertenecientes a un centro de Larga Estudia del Gran Concepción. La muestra estuvo constituida por 5 personas mayores que aceptaron participar y que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Instrumentos: se usó el MOCA y Mini Mental para evaluar deterioro leve y normalidad. Procedimiento: se seleccionaron sesiones del REMPOS que podrían tener un sesgo transcultural. Resultados: se encontró que varias de las sesiones necesitaban cambios especialmente con relación a la presencia de analfabetismo funcional, limitación motora y sensorial (vista y oído) en las personas mayores. Se discute la adaptación del programa y las implicaciones derivadas de la institucionalización.


Current knowledge about the health of older people, allows us to affirm that it is possible to improve their quality of life, especially with preventive non-pharmacological techniques. The objective of this article is to present a pilot Application of a Positive Reminiscence Program (REMPOS) which in other countries such as Spain and Mexico have been shown to be effective in older people with mild cognitive impairment and in normal institutionalized populations. The population was 60 older adults belonging to a Long Study center of the Great Conception. The sample consisted of 5 older adults who agreed to participate and who met the inclusion criteria. Instruments MOCA and Mini Mental were used to assess mild impairment and normality. Procedure REMPOS sessions were selected that could have a cross-cultural bias. Results It was found that several of the sessions needed changes especially in relation to the presence of functional illiteracy, motor and sensory limitation (sight and hearing) in older people. Program adaptation and institutionalization are discussed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Mental Recall , Cognitive Dysfunction/therapy , Homes for the Aged , Pilot Projects , Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis , Institutionalization
10.
Acta méd. colomb ; 45(4): 1-3, Oct.-Dec. 2020.
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1278133

ABSTRACT

Domingo 23 de agosto. Fue la última conversación que tuvimos. El lunes 24 a 9 pm me llamó otra de mis tantos hijos que me han regalado los 40 años de docencia en aulas y salas de hospital ­ Profe! Profe! Virgil no me contesta...…..­ Calma Angelita el salió de alta hoy y seguro está disfrutando su cama y almohada, después de una semana en la clínica...En la madrugada me enteraría que lo habían llevado a UCI de Medihelp y entonces supe en un instante, que las Parcas lo buscaban, pero como médico al fin me negué a aceptar tan ominoso pensamiento y me remití a la mitología y asumí que nuestros colegas podrían aguantar las tijeras de Atropos, la corta vidas y dejar que Cloto y Láquesis se la rehicieran. Pronto el pesimismo me abrumó hasta el pasado viernes 4, cuando la eucaristía de esa noche me devolvió el optimismo, que sólo me duró hasta la noche del domingo 6, cuando comprendí el final.Virgil Carballo-Zárate fue el mejor bachiller de su promoción en el colegio Comfenalco de Cartagena, en 1981 y al año siguiente ingresó a nuestra alma mater egresando en 1989 como Médico, para volver en busca de su sueño de ser Internista en 1991 y graduarse como tal en 1994; dando inicio a un ejercicio profesional cada día más meritorio.


Subject(s)
Teaching , Mental Recall , Thinking , Death , Medicine
11.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 42(3): 284-291, July-Sept. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1139838

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction The experience of stressful events can alter brain structures involved in memory encoding, storage and retrieval. Here we review experimental research assessing the impact of the stress-related hormone cortisol on long-term memory retrieval. Method A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science and PsycNet databases with the following terms: "stress," "long-term memory," and "retrieval." Studies were included in the review if they tested samples of healthy human participants, with at least one control group, and with the onset of the stress intervention occurring after the encoding phase and shortly (up to one hour) before the final memory test. Results Thirteen studies were included in the qualitative synthesis (N = 962) and were classified according to the time elapsed between stress induction and memory retrieval (stress-retrieval delay), the stress-inducing protocol (stressor), the time of day in which stress induction took place, sex, and age of participants. Most studies induced stress with the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) between 15 and 25 minutes before the final memory (mostly recall) test and showed significant increases in cortisol levels and memory impairment. Discussion The reviewed studies indicate that stress does impair retrieval, particularly when induced with the TSST, in the afternoon, up to 45 minutes before the onset of the final memory test, in healthy young men. These results may inform future research on the impact of stress-induced cortisol surges on memory retrieval.


Subject(s)
Humans , Mental Recall/physiology , Stress, Psychological/physiopathology , Memory, Long-Term/physiology
12.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 42(3): 286-294, May-June 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1132069

ABSTRACT

Objective: To translate, establish the diagnostic accuracy, and standardize the Brazilian Portuguese version of the European Cross-Cultural Neuropsychological Test Battery (CNTB) considering schooling level. Methods: We first completed an English-Brazilian Portuguese translation and back-translation of the CNTB. A total of 135 subjects aged over 60 years - 65 cognitively healthy (mean 72.83, SD = 7.71; mean education 9.42, SD = 7.69; illiterate = 25.8%) and 70 with Alzheimer's disease (AD) (mean 78.87, SD = 7.09; mean education 7.62, SD = 5.13; illiterate = 10%) - completed an interview and were screened for depression. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to verify the accuracy of each CNTB test to separate AD from healthy controls in participants with low levels of education (≤ 4 years of schooling) and high levels of education (≥ 8 years of schooling). The optimal cutoff score was determined for each test. Results: The Recall of Pictures Test (RPT)-delayed recall and the Enhanced Cued Recall (ECR) had the highest power to separate AD from controls. The tests with the least impact from schooling were the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS), supermarket fluency, RPT naming, delayed recall and recognition, and ECR. Conclusions: The Brazilian Portuguese version of the CNTB was well comprehended by the participants. The cognitive tests that best discriminated patients with AD from controls in lower and higher schooling participants were RPT delayed recall and ECR, both of which evaluate memory.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Translations , Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis , Neuropsychological Tests/standards , Mental Recall , Reference Values , Brazil , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Educational Status , Executive Function
13.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 47(3): 396-405, jun. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1126137

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to develop and validate a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) for assessing consumption of fatty acids among pregnant women. METHODS: Two lists of foods were created according to percent contribution of each nutrient estimated by three 24-hour recalls: a long and short version FFQ to estimate long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs). Student paired t-test and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to verify the differences in mean consumption of nutrients from the FFQ and 24-hour recall. The concordance between the consumption values of the two methods was assessed using the Bland-Altman method and quartiles concordance. RESULTS: For the FFQ - long version, correlation values ranged from 0.33 (<0.05) to 0.62 (<0.01) for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and linoleic acid (LA), respectively. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) were not correlated. Exact concordance ranged from 49.0% (energy) to 22.4% (EPA), and discordance ranged from 14.3% (DPA) to 2.0% (Saturated). The FFQ - short version had high correlations for LCPUFAs. Exact concordance ranged from 36.7% (n-3 LCPUFA) to 16.3% (DHA); and discordance from 12.2% (DPA) to 2.0% (arachidonic acid). Bland-Altman analysis showed good concordance for both versions. CONCLUSION: This nutrient-specific FFQ is a valid instrument to be used to estimate the level of consumption of fatty acids among pregnant women.


OBJETIVO: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo desarrollar y validar un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos para evaluar el consumo de ácidos grasos en gestantes. MÉTODOS: Dos listas de alimentos fueron creadas de acuerdo con la contribución porcentual de cada nutriente estimado por 3 recordatorios de 24 horas: CFC - versión larga y CFC - versión corta para estimar ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de cadena larga (AGPICL). La prueba de t pareada de Student y el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson se utilizaron para verificar las diferencias entre el consumo medio de nutrientes de del CFC y el recordatorio de 24 horas. La concordancia entre los valores de consumo de los dos métodos se evaluó mediante el método de Bland-Altman y la concordancia de cuartiles. RESULTADOS: En CFC - versión larga, los valores de correlación oscilaron entre 0.33 (<0.05) y 0.62 (<0.01) para ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA) y ácido linoleico (LA), respectivamente. Ácido eicosapentaenoico (EPA) y ácido docosapentaenoico (DPA) no presentaron correlación. La concordancia exacta varió de 49,0% (energía) a 22,4% (EPA), y la discordancia varió de 14,3% (DPA) a 2,0% (saturado). CFC: la versión corta mostró los mejores valores de correlaciones para los AGPICL. La concordancia exacta varió de 36,7 (n-3 LCPUFA) a 16,3% (DHA); y discordancia de 12,2% (DPA) a 2,0% (ácido araquidónico). El análisis de Bland-Altman mostró una buena concordancia para ambas versiones. CONCLUSIÓN: Este método CFC específico de nutrientes es un instrumento válido que se utiliza para estimar el nivel de consumo de ácidos grasos en mujeres gestantes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Energy Intake , Surveys and Questionnaires , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/administration & dosage , Mental Recall , Dietary Fats/administration & dosage , Diet Records , Diet Surveys , Fatty Acids/administration & dosage
15.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 24(11): 4163-4170, nov. 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039531

ABSTRACT

Resumo Este estudo propôs a avaliar o nível de atividade física e o estado cognitivo de idosos usuários das Unidades Básicas de saúde (UBS) do Município de Maringá, Paraná. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico descritivo, de corte observacional e transversal, realizado com 654 idosos, de ambos os sexos, usuários das UBS. Foi utilizado um questionário sociodemográfico, o Mini exame do estado mental e o International Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), versão curta. A análise dos dados foi realizada mediante o teste Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Qui quadrado, Kruskal-Wallis e "U" de Mann-Whitney, adotando significância quando p < 0,05. Os idosos não realizam atividades físicas vigorosas e poucas atividades moderadas durante a semana. Porém, apresentaram alto escore na orientação temporal (Md = 5,0), Orientação espacial (Md = 5,0), memória imediata (Md = 3,0), evocação (Md = 3,0) e linguagem (Md = 8,0). Ao comparar o estado mental em função do nível de atividade física dos idosos verificou-se que os Muito ativo/ativo possuem melhor atenção e cálculo (p = 0,036), evocação (p = 0,001) e estado cognitivo geral (p = 0,002), se comparado aos irregularmente ativos e sedentários. Níveis adequados de atividade física podem estar relacionados a melhores escores de funções cognitivas de sujeitos idosos.


Abstract This study proposed to evaluate the level of physical activity and the cognitive state of elderly users of Primary Care Facilities (UBS) of the Municipality of Maringá, State of Paraná, Brazil. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, epidemiological study with 654 elderly men and women UBS users. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were employed. Data was analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney "U" tests, with a significance level of p<0.05. However, they evidenced a high score in temporal orientation (Md = 5.0), spatial orientation (Md = 5.0), immediate memory (Md = 3.0), recall (Md = 3.0) and language (Md = 8.0). When comparing the mental state according to the level of physical activity of the elderly, we observed that very active/active individuals had better attention and calculation (p = 0.036), recall (p = 0.001) and general cognitive status (p = 0.002) against irregularly active and sedentary elderly. Adequate levels of physical activity may be related to better scores of cognitive functions of elderly subjects.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Primary Health Care , Exercise/psychology , Cognition/physiology , Mental Recall/physiology , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Sedentary Behavior , Orientation, Spatial/physiology , Mental Status and Dementia Tests , Memory/physiology , Middle Aged
16.
Rev. univ. psicoanál ; (19): 59-63, nov. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1381000

ABSTRACT

El presente artículo toma como objeto al olvido y su retorno. Para mayores precisiones: al olvido que fracasa, filtra, deja pasar por alguna hendija un residuo del material que se intenta desterrar. En las siguientes páginas daremos cuenta de esa dialéctica, así como del valor de señuelo de aquel material que insiste sin ser exactamente lo buscado. Se expondrá de qué manera dicha dialéctica, paradójicamente, esconde e indica un texto, y provoca en el soñante una profunda sensación de intriga que da surgimiento al deseo del saber posibilitando, en ocasiones, el inicio del trabajo analítico. Para concluir distinguiremos este deseo nacido bajo transferencia de la manifestación del deseo de saber, que desafía el afecto característico de las neurosis: el horror al saber


The present article takes as an object the oblivion and its return. For more precisions: to the oblivion that fails, the one that filters, the one that lets pass through some cleft a residue of the material that is trying to banish. In the following pages we will talk about that dialectic, as well as the decoy value of that material that insists without being exactly what is searched. It will be explained how that dialectic, paradoxically, hides and indicates a text, and provokes in the dreamer a deep sense of intrigue that gives rise to the desire for knowledge, making possible, at times, the beginning of analytical work. To conclude, we will distinguish this desire born under the transfer of the manifestation of the desire to know, which challenges the characteristic affection of neuroses: the horror of knowledge


Subject(s)
Humans , Signs and Symptoms , Neurotic Disorders , Mental Recall , Defense Mechanisms , Dreams
17.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 77(5): 330-334, Jun. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011338

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) results are strongly influenced by educational level. The Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB) is an alternative assessment tool that provides more accurate results in individuals with less education. Objective: Our aim was to compare the MMSE and BCSB as screening tests. Methods: The MMSE and BCSB were assessed in 112 participants by two evaluators blind to the other test's result. Participants were classified according to their level of education. The influence of education level was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and multiple comparison tests. Results: Scores of the MMSE (p < 0.0001) and the clock-drawing test (p < 0.0001) were influenced by education level but the delayed recall test score was not (p = 0.0804). The verbal fluency test (p = 0.00035) was influenced only by higher educational levels. It took three minutes less to apply the MMSE than to apply the BCSB (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: These findings suggest that the delayed recall test and the verbal fluency test of the BCSB are better than the MMSE and clock-drawing test as tools for evaluating cognition in people with limited education.


Resumo Os resultados do Mini-Exame de Estado Mental (MEEM) são consideravelmente influenciados pelo nível de escolaridade. A Bateria Breve de Rastreio Cognitivo (BBRC) é uma ferramenta de rastreamento cognitivo alternativa que fornece resultados mais acurados em indivíduos com menor nível de escolaridade. Objetivo: Comparar o MEEM e a BBRC como testes de rastreamento cognitivo. Métodos: 112 participantes foram submetidos ao MEEM e a BBRC por 2 avaliadores cegos para o resultados do outro teste. Os participantes foram classificados de acordo o nível de escolaridade. A influência do nível de escolaridade foi analisada utilizando o teste de Kruskal-Wallis e o teste de comparações múltiplas. Resultados: As pontuações do MEEM (p < 0,0001) e do teste do desenho do relógio (p < 0,0001) foram influenciadas pelo nível de escolaridade, porém o teste de memória tardia não sofreu influência do nível de escolaridade (p = 0,0804). O teste de fluência verbal (p = 0,00035) foi influenciado apenas pelos níveis educacionais mais altos. A aplicação do MEEM levou 3 minutos a menos que a da BBRC (p < 0,0001). Conclusão: Os achados desse estudo sugerem que o teste de memória tardia e o teste de fluência verbal da BBRC são mais adequados que o MEEM e o teste do desenho do relógio como ferramentas para avaliação cognitiva em populações com menor nível educacional.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Educational Status , Mental Status and Dementia Tests , Neuropsychological Tests , Mental Recall , Reference Values , Speech Disorders/diagnosis , Speech Disorders/psychology , Time Factors , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cognition Disorders/psychology , Statistics, Nonparametric
18.
Estud. interdiscip. envelhec ; 24(1): 103-118, abr. 2019. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1046608

ABSTRACT

Este artigo tem como finalidade apresentar uma intervenção psicossocial realizada com um grupo de idosas(os) da Universidade Aberta da Terceira Idade, projeto da Universidade La Salle. O grupo era composto por quinze idosas(os) com faixa etária acima de 60 anos e as reuniões ocorriam semanalmente, com uma hora de duração. A proposta era fazer com que as(os) idosas(os) escrevessem suas histórias de vida, com ênfase nos momentos importantes e marcantes para sua existência, sejam estes bons ou ruins. Para tanto, foi sugerida a construção de um "Livro da Vida" de cada idoso(a), que seria dividido em capítulos, de acordo com cada fase do desenvolvimento. A experiência de narrar e escrever suas histórias de vida fez com que o grupo ressignificasse seus posicionamentos em relação ao outro e ao envelhecimento, reativando memórias de diferentes fases da vida e que colaboraram para a ressignificação de suas identidades e experiências de vida. (AU)


This article aims to present a psychosocial intervention performed with a group of elderly people from the Open University of the Third Age, a project of the University Center La Salle. The group consisted of fifteen elderly people aged over 60 years and meetings were held weekly for one hour. The proposal was to make the elderly write their life stories and those moments that were important for their existence, whether good or bad. Therefore, it was suggested that they make a "Book of Life", which would be divided into chapters with each stage of development. The experience of narrating and writing their life stories made the group resignify their positioning in relation to the other and to aging, reactivating memories of different phases of life and collaborating to the resignification of their identities and life experiences. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Mental Recall , Aging/psychology , Life Change Events
19.
Aesthethika (Ciudad Autón. B. Aires) ; 15(1): 57-62, abr. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1016306

ABSTRACT

Historias cotidianas (H) es un film conmovedor debido al tono humilde y despojado con que nos muestra fotos y relatos en los que aparecen rostros, nombres, afectos, y los sueños de los que ya no están. El desaparecido súbitamente aparece ante nosotros : es alguien con un rostro, con deseos, ilusiones, y gestos reconocibles. En el film los desaparecidos cobran vida en los recuerdos de los hijos y así aparecen a través de los ojos de ellos. Y cuanto más humanos y reconocibles se nos vuelven, más dimensiones presenta el crimen perpetrado. El trabajo analiza el modo en que el film nos muestra también los modos en que estos hijos de desaparecidos fueron rearmando su cotidianeidad en torno de esa dolorosa ausencia, y pudieron hacer algo con ella.


Historias cotidianas (H) is a moving film due to the humble and stripped tone with which it shows us photos and stories that evoke faces, names, affections and dreams of those who are no longer. The disappeared suddenly appears before us : it is someone with a face, with desires, illusions, and recognizable gestures. In the film the disappeared come alive in the memories of the children and thus appear through their eyes. And the more human and recognizable they become, the more dimensions the crime perpetrated presents. The work analyzes the way in which the film also shows us the ways in which these children of the disappeared were rearmando their daily life around that painful absence, and could do something with it.


Subject(s)
Humans , Motion Pictures , Mental Recall
20.
Ter. psicol ; 37(1): 71-80, abr. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1004794

ABSTRACT

Resumen En este artículo se analiza la relación existente entre los recuerdos traumáticos y las posibles estrategias para hacerles frente. Los recuerdos traumáticos son difíciles de integrar en la biografía de las personas afectadas y pueden interferir de forma significativa en su funcionamiento social, académico y profesional. Se distingue psicopatológicamente entre los recuerdos normales y los recuerdos traumáticos. Asimismo se analizan las estrategias de afrontamiento adaptativas, tales como la evitación cognitiva, la exposición terapéutica a los recuerdos traumáticos o la capacidad de perdón. Pero también hay un afrontamiento inadaptativo (nostalgia, sentimientos de odio y de venganza o conductas autodestructivas) que puede dar cuenta de las dificultades de recuperación en algunos pacientes. Por último, se examinan las estrategias de regulación emocional cognitiva y el papel de la resiliencia y del crecimiento postraumático para afrontar los recuerdos traumáticos. Se comentan las implicaciones de este estudio para investigaciones futuras en esta área.


Abstract In this paper the relationship between traumatic memories and coping skills to deal with them is analyzed. Traumatic memories are difficult to be integrated into the survivor's life story and can significantly interfere with social, educational and occupational functioning. From a psychopathological point of view, a distinction between normal and traumatic memories is made. Adaptive coping skills to deal with traumatic memories, such as cognitive avoidance, therapeutic exposure to traumatic memories or forgiveness, are analyzed. But there is also maladaptive coping, such as nostalgia, hate and revenge feelings or self-destructive behaviors, which should be taken into account to explain the difficulties of recovery in some patients. Finally, the cognitive emotion regulation strategies and the role of resiliency and post-traumatic growth in some patients to cope with traumatic memories are examined. Implications of this study for future research in this field are commented upon.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adaptation, Psychological , Stress Disorders, Traumatic/therapy , Memory , Mental Recall
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