Chinese expert consensus on definition and terminology of colon and rectum: mesentery, fascia, and space (2023 edition) / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Anatomy is the foundation of surgery. However, traditional anatomical concepts based on autopsy are no longer sufficient to guide the development of modern surgery. With the advancement of histology and embryology and application of high-resolution laparoscopic technology, surgical anatomy has gradually developed. Meanwhile, some important concepts and terms used to guide surgery have emerged, including: mesentery, fascia, and space. The confusing, controversial, and even inaccurate definitions and anatomical terms related to colorectal surgery seriously affect academic communication and the training of young surgeons. Therefore, the Chinese Society of Colorectal Surgeons, the Chinese Society of Colorectal Surgery, National Health Commission Capacity Building and Continuing Education Center, and China Sexology Association of Colorectal Functional Surgery organized colorectal surgeons to make consensus on the definition and terminology of mesentery, fascia, and space related to colon and rectum, to promote surgeons' understanding of modern anatomy related to colorectal surgery and promote academic communication.

Gross anatomy of the intestine and their peritoneal folds in the chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera)

The species belonging to the order Rodentia have great noticeable differences in their intestinal anatomy, particularly in the cecum and ascending colon. The anatomy of the intestines and its their mesenteries of Chinchilla lanigera have not been completely described. In the present study, ten adult Chinchilla lanigerawere studied using gross dissection. The small intestine was divided into duodenum, jejunum and ileum as usual. The duodenum started at the pylorus with a cranial portion, which dilated forming a duodenal ampulla. The ileum was very short and attached to the coiled cecum by means of the iliocecal fold. The ascending colon presented three parts. The first one, starting from the cecum and attached to it by the cecocolic fold presented sacculations on its external part. This could be named proximal loop (Ansa proximalis coli), having two parts, a proximal and distal one. The second part of the ascending colon was simple (Pars intermedia). The last part of the ascending colon (Ansa distalis coli) extended from the intermediate part to the right colic flexure. The distal ansa was formed by two parts parallel to each other and joined by an apical flexure and the ascending mesocolon. The descending duodenum was fixed to the pars intermedia of the ascending colon by a peritoneal fold named accessory duodenocolic fold. The ascending duodenum was fixed by the duodenocolic fold to the descending colon. This study indicates that there are minor differences in the divisions of the intestine and their peritoneal folds, as it usually happens when comparing other rodents.

Histological description of the midgut and the pyloric valve of Tropidacris collaris (Stoll, 1813) (Orthopetera: Romaleidae)

The present research describes the histology of the midgut, gastric caeca, and pyloric valve of Tropidacris collaris (Stoll, 1813), (Orthopetera: Romaleidae). We used light microscopy, staining (Gomori's trichrome and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)), and a routine histological analysis method (hematoxilin-eosin). The insects were obtained from, and also bred in, the Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Biology, of the Rural Federal University of Pernambuco (UFRPE). The collected material was fixed in alcoholic Boüin and embedded in paraplast. The results demonstrated that the midgut wall is composed of an inner epithelial layer and two outer layers of striate muscles: one internal (circular) and the other external (longitudinal), with connective tissue between the muscle fibers. The epithelium is single-layered, with two cell types: regenerative and elongated columnar. The gastric caeca presents muscle layers similar to those of the midgut. Simple columnar epithelium lines the gastric caeca, which presents villi and projects towards the lumen. The pyloric valve is of striate muscle tissue, covered by a single epithelial-cell layer.

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo descrever a histologia do mesêntero, cecos gástricos e válvula pilórica de Tropidacris collaris (Stoll, 1813) (Orthoptera: Romaleidae), por meio da microscopia de luz, utilizando-se colorações especiais (Tricrômico de Gomori e P.A.S. - Acido periódico de Schiff) e de rotina (Hematoxilina-Eosina). Os insetos foram obtidos da criação existente no Laboratório de Entomologia, do Departamento de Biologia, da UFRPE. O material coletado foi fixado em Boüin alcoólico e processado para inclusão em "paralast". Os resultados mostraram que a parede do mesêntero é constituída por duas camadas de músculo estriado: uma interna (circular) e outra externa (longitudinal), com a presença de tecido conjuntivo entre as fibras musculares. O epitélio é do tipo simples, constituído por dois tipos de células: células regenerativas e células colunares altas. Os cecos gástricos também apresentam as camadas de músculo semelhantes às observadas no mesêntero. O tecido epitelial é do tipo simples colunar projetando-se para a luz do órgão, formando vilosidades. A válvula pilórica é constituída por tecido muscular estriado, recoberto por tecido epitelial.

Características anatómicas macroscópicas y microscópicas del ganglio mesentérico inferior en fetos humanos de término / Macroscopic and microscopic anatomic characteristics of the inferior mesenteric ganglion in human fetuses at term

Se efectúa un estudio de las características anatómicas macroscópicas y microscópicas de los ganglios mesentéricos inferiores en 50 fetos humanos de término de ambos sexos, en los que se practicó la disección bilateral, bajo observación directa con la ayuda de un microscopio de operaciones Carl Zeiss. Se detalla la cantidad de ganglios existenten en cada disección, la individualidad morfológica observada, así como su forma, dimensiones y orientaciones. Se determina su ubicación, relación y conexiones. Se establece su estructura macroscópica, microcópica, vascularización arterial y venosa. Se enfatiza en la importancia de su sistematización como estructura pertenecientes a la parte simpática del sistema nervioso autónomo

Mesenterio y epiplón

Se explica desde el punto de vista anatómico el mesenterio y epiplón. Se presentan las características clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la oclusión vascularmesentérica, linfadenitis mesentérica aguda inespecífica, torsión del epiplón, apoplejía abdominal y otras afecciones como el infarto idiopático del epiplón, apoplejía abdominal y otras afecciones como el infarto idiopático del epiplón, torsión e infarto de apéndicis epiploicos y lesiones traumáticas del mesenterio