Hemangiolinfangioma mesentérico: reporte de un caso / Mesenteric hemangiolymphangioma: case report

El hemangiolinfangioma es un tipo muy raro de malformación del sistema vascular, caracterizado histológicamente por la presencia de vasos venosos y linfáticos dilatados quísticamente, cuyas células endoteliales de revestimiento son positivas para marcadores de inmunohistoquímica como CD31, CD34 y D2-40. El compromiso extenso retroperitoneal y del tracto gastrointestinal es infrecuente. Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 24 años con antecedente de dolor pélvico crónico, con exacerbación de síntomas. El diagnóstico imagenológico mostró una masa retroperitoneal multiquística. Se hizo hemicolectomía derecha y resección de la masa, encontrándose que dicha lesión estaba íntimamente adherida al mesenterio con compromiso extenso del tracto gastrointestinal, y cuyo estudio histopatológico reveló un hemangiolinfangioma, con mejoría clínica posterior a la resección quirúrgica. Aportamos a la literatura mundial, la caracterización de los hallazgos clínicos, imagenológicos e histopatológicos de este tipo de malformaciones

Hemangiolymphangioma is a very rare type of malformation of the vascular system, characterized histologically by the presence of cystically dilated venous and lymphatic vessels, whose lining endothelial cells are positive for immunohistochemical markers such as CD31, CD34 and D2-40. Extensive retroperitoneal and gastrointestinal tract involvement is uncommon. We present the case of a 24-yearold female patient with a history of chronic pelvic pain with exacerbation of symptoms. The imaging diagnosis revealed a multicystic retroperitoneal mass. A right hemicolectomy and resection of the mass was performed, finding that the lesion was intimately adherent to the mesentery with extensive involvement of the gastrointestinal tract, and whose histopathological study revealed a hemangiolymphangioma, with clinical improvement after surgical resection. We contribute to the world literature with the characterization of the clinical, imaging and histopathological findings of this type of malformations

Inducible co-stimulatory molecules participate in mesenteric vascular endothelial-mesenchymal transition and sclerosis of mesenteric vessels in spontaneously hypertensive rats / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the correlation of inducible co-stimulatory molecules (ICOS) with mesenteric vascular endothelial- mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and sclerosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).@*METHODS@#Twenty 4-week-old WKY rats and 20 SHRs of the same strain were both randomly divided into 4 groups for observation at 4, 6, 10 and 30 weeks of age. ICOS expression frequency in rat spleen CD4+T cells was analyzed using flow cytometry, and the expressions of ICOS, VE-cad, α-SMA and Col3 mRNA in rat mesentery were detected by RT-PCR. The distributions of ICOS, IL-17A and TGF-β in rat mesentery were detected by immunohistochemistry. The levels of IL-17A and TGF-β in rat plasma were measured using ELISA. The morphological changes of rat mesenteric vessels were observed with Masson staining. Spearman or Pearson correlation analyses were used to evaluate the correlation between ICOS expression and the expressions of the markers of vascular EndMT and sclerosis.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control WKY rats, the SHRs began to show significantly increased systolic blood pressure and ICOS expression frequency on CD4+T cells at 6 weeks of age (P < 0.05). In the SHRs, the mRNA and protein expressions of ICOS, α-SMA, Col3, IL-17A and TGF-β in the mesentery were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05), while the mRNA and protein expressions of VE-cad started to reduce significantly at 10 weeks of age (P < 0.05). The plasma levels of IL-17A and TGF-β were significantly increased in SHRs since 6 weeks of age (P < 0.05) with progressive worsening of mesenteric vascular sclerosis (P < 0.05). ICOS mRNA and protein expression levels in the mesenteric tissues of SHRs began to show positive correlations with α-SMA and Col3 expression levels and the severity of vascular sclerosis at 6 weeks of age (P < 0.05) and a negative correlation with VE-cad expression level at 10 weeks (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#ICOS play an important pathogenic role in EndMT and sclerosis of mesenteric vessels in essential hypertension by mediating related immune responses.

Desmoid-type fibromatosis of the mesentery: a clinicopatho-logical and genetic analysis of 9 cases / 浙江大学学报·医学版

Nine cases of mesenteric desmoid-type fibromatosis were diagnosed and treated in Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University between January 2010 and May 2022, including 2 females and 7 males, aged 16 to 59 years. The lesions were in the mesentery of small intestine with 7 cases, ileocecal junction with 1 cases and transverse colon with 1 case. The tumors had an unclear boundary and no envelope, the section was solid, gray and tough. The mean maximum diameter was (10.7±8.5) cm (range 3.5-33.0 cm). Microscopically, fusiform fibroblasts and myofibroblasts were parallel, bunched or staggered, buried in a large amount of extracellular collagen. The cell morphology was relatively consistent, without obvious atypia, and mitosis was rare. Immunohistochemistry showed that the tumor cells were positive for vimentin (9/9), β-catenin (9/9), while smooth muscle actin (5/9) stains were focally positive. Ki-67 proliferation index was 1%-10%. Cytokeratin Pan, S-100, STAT6, CD117, DOG1, CD34, desmin and anaplastic lymphoma kinase stains were negative. Genetic analysis showed that there were 7 cases of c.121G>A(p.Thr41Ala) mutation of CTNNB1 gene, 1 case of c.121G>A(p.Thr41Ala) and 1 case of c.134C>T(p.Ser45Phe) double mutation, and 1 case of wild type. Tumors were surgically resected in all 9 cases. Eight cases had no recurrence or metastasis, 1 case had recurrence 6 months later, and no recurrence or metastasis after additional surgical resection.

Osificación heterotópica mesentérica precoz posabdomen abierto y su manejo quirúrgico: presentación de un caso / Mesenteric heterotopic ossification after open abdomen and its surgical management: presentation of a case

OBJETIVO: Reportar el caso de un paciente con antecedente de múltiples cirugías por peritonitis y abdomen abierto, con hallazgo intraoperatorio de osificación heterotópica en el mesenterio. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente masculino de 59 años, con antecedente de apendicectomía complicada hace 12 meses, que en esa oportunidad requirió manejo de abdomen abierto, colectomía derecha e ileostomía terminal. Un año posapendicectomía reingresa para reconstitución de tránsito con hallazgo intraoperatorio de masa calcificada en mesenterio, de 15 x 10 x 6 cm, cuyo estudio histológico informa osificación heterotópica mesentérica. Esta entidad es de baja frecuencia, asociada al antecedente de trauma y cirugía abdominal, y se ha descrito como causa de morbimortalidad. El manejo quirúrgico resectivo es factible por equipos con experiencia. CONCLUSIÓN: Se describe un caso con antecedente de abdomen abierto, con posterior hallazgo de osificación heterotópica mesentérica. Este caso clínico es representativo por sus factores de riesgos clásicos y manejo empleado para su resolución.

OBJECTIVE: Report the case of a patient with a history of multiple surgeries due to peritonitis and open abdomen, with intraoperative finding of mesenetrioc heterotopic ossification. CLINICAL CASE: A 59-year-old male patient with a history of complicated appendectomy 12 months ago, which requires the management of an open abdomen, right colectomy and terminal ileostomy. One year after appendectomy, is readmitted for transit reconstitution. Intraoperative finding were calcified mass in mesentery, of 15 x 10 x 6 cm, whose histological study reports mesenteric heterotopic ossification. This entity has low frequency, and is associated with a history of trauma and abdominal surgery, is described as a cause of morbidity and mortality. Resective surgical management is feasible for experienced teams. CONCLUSION: A case with antecedent of open abdomen is described, with later finding of mesenteric heterotopic ossification. This clinical case is representative for its classic risk factors and management used for its resolution.

Post-hemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph is an important contributor to cardiac dysfunction following hemorrhagic shock

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether post-hemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph (PSML) is involved in cardiac dysfunction induced by hemorrhagic shock. METHODS: The hemorrhagic shock model (40±2 mmHg, 3h) was established in rats of the shock and shock+drainage groups; and PSML drainage was performed from hypotension 1-3h in the shock+drainage rats. Then, the isolated hearts were obtained from the rats for the examination of cardiac function with Langendorff system. Subsequently, the isolated hearts were obtained from normal rats and perfused with PSML or Krebs-Henseleit solution, and the changes of cardiac function were observed. RESULTS: The left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and the maximal rates of LV developed pressure (LVDP) rise and fall (±dP/dt max) in the shock and shock+drainage groups were lower than that of the sham group; otherwise, these indices in the shock+drainage group were higher compared to the shock group. In addition, after isolated hearts obtained from normal rats perfusing with PSML, these cardiac function indices were gradual decline along with the extension of time, such as heart rate, LVSP, ±dP/dt max, etc. CONCLUSION: Post-hemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph is an important contributor to cardiac dysfunction following hemorrhagic shock. .

A Case of Cavernous Lymphangioma of the Small Bowel Mesentery / 대한소화기학회지

Lymphangioma is a benign vascular lesion with characteristics of subepithelial tumor which can proliferate in the lymphatic system. Lymphangioma of the small-bowel mesentery is rare, having been reported in less than 2% of all lymphangiomas. Lymphangioma does not require any specific treatment because it is absolutely a benign tumor. However, surgical exploration is rarely required for cases with disease-related symptoms or complications, or for those misdiagnosed as a malignant lesion. We recently experienced a case of mesenteric cavernous lymphangomas in a 53-year-old female who was misdiagnosed as having a liposarcoma. The final diagnosis was confirmed by a pathologic examination of the specimen that was obtained via laparoscopic exploration. Herein, we report a very rare case of mesenteric cavernous lymphangioma along with a brief review of relevant literature.

A Case of Pleomorphic Liposarcoma Originating from Mesentery / 대한소화기학회지

Liposarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas that occurs in adults and is currently divided into five main subgroups: well-differentiated, myxoid, round cell, pleomorphic, and dedifferentiated. Primary mesenteric liposarcoma is extremely rare, and the treatment strategy is surgical resection with a wide free margin, often followed by radiation and adjuvant chemotherapy if distant metastasis is not detected. A 73-year-old male patient presented with lower abdominal distension. Abdominal CT scan revealed a large homogeneously enhancing mass lesion abutting the sigmoid colon and urinary bladder. At laparotomy, the solid mass measured 28x26x12 cm in size, was well-demarcated, and originated from the mesentery of the middle ileum. It was removed along with some small intestine (ileocecal valve upper 50-150 cm) and ileal mesentery because of adhesion. Histologically, the tumor proved to be pleomorphic liposarcoma. The patient did not undergo any adjuvant treatment following surgery, but he remains disease free until 33 months after surgery. Herein, we report a case of pleomorphic liposarcoma arising from small bowel mesentery.

Inflammatory pseudotumor of mesentery

Inflammatory pseudotumor is one of infrequent lesions of mesentery in pediatric age group. They usually mimic a malignant lesion. A 5-year-old male child presented with abdominal pain and a palpable mass in the umbilical region. Ultrasound revealed a mixed echoic mass in the same area. CT scan showed a solid mass with internal calcifications. At operation a hard mass in the mesentery of the distal ileum was found. The mass was excised completely and limited hemicolectomy done. Histopathology of the excised specimen was reported as inflammatory pseudotumour of the mesentery

Prevalence, pattern of presentation, risk factors and outcome of acute mesenteric venous thrombosis in Taif province, Saudi Arabia, a single center study

Mesenteric venous thrombosis has a global incidence of 10-15% of all cases of mesenteric ischemia; however reports from high altitude provinces of Saudi Arabia as Taif and Aseer recorded an incidence above 60%. The aim of this study is to record the incidence, pattern of presentation, risk factors; diagnostic tools and outcome of treatment in a single center [King Abdul Aziz Specialist Hospital] Taif, Saudi Arabia. In this retrospective chart review study, we reviewed the records and data of all patients presented to King Abdul Aziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia from January 2009 to January 2013 and their final diagnosis were proved to be acute mesenteric venous thrombosis. Traumatic, postoperative and non occlusive cases were excluded from the study. Sixteen patients with final diagnosis of acute mesenteric venous thrombosis were included in this study, out of 26 patients [61.5%] presented and diagnosed as acute occlusive mesenteric ischemia. Males were more affected than females. The mean age of the patients was 55 +/- 13.4 years. The mean duration of symptoms was 4.9 +/- 1.4 days. The most common presenting symptoms were; abdominal pain followed by nausea, vomiting, anorexia, bloody diarrhea and fever. The most prevalent physical findings was tachycardia followed by ileus, 5 patients presented by marked peritoneal signs 3 of them were shocked. Multiple risk factors were detected in all patients. Laboratory findings were not conclusive and diagnosis was established by CT angiography in most of the patients. During operation, all patients were found to have a segment of infarction of the small intestine and in one of them the cecum was involved. Resection of the gangrenous parts was done for all patients. Second look operation was performed in 25% of patients. The total mortality was 18.75%. Acute mesenteric venous thrombosis is the most common cause of acute occlusive mesenteric ischemia in Taif province and this may be related to multiple risk factors. Being familiar with this disease is essential in making the correct diagnosis to be followed by prompt resuscitation with heparinization to be continued postoperatively to prevent recurrent thrombosis. Laparotomy should be performed as soon as metabolic and hemodynamic correction is done with resection of any infracted segment. A second look operation may be required. If these steps are followed strictly and without delay, the prognosis of mesenteric venous thrombosis is often favorable

rare retroperitoneal tumor

A 68 year old man was hospitalized for pulmonary embolism. A month ago, he had a myocardial infarction and 10 days ago he was treated surgically by triple coronary artery bypass grafting. His personal medical and surgical history includes hypertension, appendectomy for appendicitis 50 years ago and exploratory laparotomy for obstructive ileus clue to adhesions 5 years ago. He has no family history for malignancy. Abdominal CT and MRI performed for causative evaluation of the pulmonary embolism, revealed a 5 cm large solid mass of the mesenteric root with clear smooth margins and inhomogeneous density. The mesentcric vessels were not infiltrated. The patient did not mention any gastroenterologic disorders [vomiting, blood loss and defacation problems] and had no abnormal signs on physical examination. The performed coloscopy was negative. The surgical specimen was a solid, hard, well defined retroperitoneal tumor lying in front of the superior mesenteric artery and the left renal vein [Figures 1 and 2]

Chronic abdominal pain in a child

A 6-year-old boy presented to our out patients department with recurrent lower abdominal pain. Pain was started 2 years before intermittently, but it worsened over the past 6 months. Pain aggravated after eating meals. Patient's parent also gave a history of episodes of abdominal distension and constipation. Other symptoms, as well as his past history and family history, were otherwise unremarkable. Physical examination revealed a slightly distended abdomen. There was a huge intra-abdominal mass occupying the center of the abdomen. It was a single mass, freely mobile, firm in consistency, smooth surfaced with well defined margins, and nonballotable. Routine blood tests, including renal function and urine analysis, were normal. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis revealed a huge heterogeneous mass extending from epigastrium to pelvis [Figure 1]. The entire small bowel loop was displaced laterally by the mass. There was no lymphadenopathy, and invasion of mass into the adjacent organ

Tumores estromales extra-gastrointestinales (EGISTs): revisión de 4 casos con análisis inmunohistoquímico / Extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGISTs): review of four cases with immunohistochemical analysis

Los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal o GISTs son neoplasias pertenecientes a los sarcomas de partes blandas y pueden localizarse en cualquier sitio del organismo. Los más frecuentes ocurren en el tracto gastrointestinal (del esófago al recto), de hecho, más del 50 por ciento se presentan a nivel gástrico. No obstante, se han descrito en otras regiones (mesenterio y omento, retroperitoneo, vesícula biliar, pared vesical y útero). Estos últimos de localización extragastrointestinal han sido publicados con el acrónimo EGIST y representan el 5 por ciento de todos los GISTs. Se presentan 4 casos de EGIST, describimos los hallazgos anatomopatológicos, los aspectos clínicos y el perfil inmunohistoquímico. Se estudiaron 32 casos de GISTs mediante análisis prospectivo y retrospectivo, de los archivos correspondientes al Servicio y IIª Cátedra de Patología de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Hospitales Córdoba y Nuestra Sra. de la Misericordia, de Córdoba (Argentina), entre los años 1987 y 2008. De dicha serie, se extrajeron y analizaron cuatro casos (2 mesentéricos y 2 retroperitoneales). Todos los casos fueron pacientes de sexo femenino entre 42 y 72 años, que consultaron por dolor abdominal, dolor pélvico y pérdida de peso. El tamaño tumoral osciló entre 4 y 28 cm. Todas las masas tumorales eran parcialmente quísticas, exhibiendo hemorragia y necrosis, en grado variable. Microscópicamente, se observaron los 2 patrones: fusocelular y epitelioide, de aspecto laxo, dispuestos en haces entrelazados con bajo índice mitótico. Panel inmunohistoquímico: Vimentina, CD34 y CD117: Positivos. Actina, cromogranina y S-100: Negativos. Ki 67: Positivo del 2 al 10 por ciento. Diagnóstico: Tumor estromal extragastrointestinal de tipo borderline. La principal peculiaridad de los casos fue su localización. Los criterios diagnósticos de certeza deben considerar, en conjunto: los aspectos clínicos, histopatológicos convencionales y el perfil inmunohistoquímico.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors or GISTs are neoplasms belonging to the soft tissue sarcomas and can be located anywhere in the body. They most frequently occur in the gastrointestinal tract (esophagus to rectum), in fact, over 50 percent occur at the gastric level. However, they have also been described elsewhere (mesentery and omentum, retroperitoneum, gall bladder, bladder wall and uterus). Extragastrointestinal latter location have been published by the acronym EGIST (representing 5 percent of all GISTs. We report four cases of EGIST (2 of mesenteric and retroperitoneal location) describe the histopathological, clinical aspects and immunohistochemical profile. We studied 32 cases of GISTs in a prospective and retrospective analysis of files for the Service and IInd Chair of Pathology (Emergency Municipal Hospital), Hospital Córdoba, and Our Lady of Mercy, Cordoba (Argentina), between 1987 and 2008. In that series were extracted and analyzed four cases (two retroperitoneal and two mesenteric). All cases were female patients whose ages ranged from 42 to 72 years who consulted for abdominal pain, pelvic pain and weight loss. Tumor size ranged from 4 to 28 cm. All were partially cystic mass, showing hemorrhage and necrosis, in varying degrees. Microscopic patterns were observed 2 spindle and epithelioid-looking lax, arranged in bundles intertwined with low mitotic index. Immunohistochemistry panel: Vimentin, CD34 and CD117: Positive. Actin, chromogranin and S-100: Negative. Ki 67: + 2 to 10 percent. Diagnosis: extragastrointestinal stromal tumor, borderline. Complete histopathological and immunohistochemical panels should be considered for a definite diagnosis. The main peculiarity of the present cases is their location. The EGIST are rare (5 percent of GIST).

Clinical Aspects of Intraabdominal Cystic Lymphangioma in Korea / 대한소화기학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Cystic lymphangioma is an uncommon disease, and rarely develops in the intraabdomen. The aim of this article was to discuss about clinical characteristics of intraabdominal cystic lymphangioma developed in Korea. METHODS: Age, sex, symptoms, locations and size of the lesions, diagnostic methods, treatments, complications and recurrence were analyzed in 13 pathologically confirmed cases of intraabdominal cystic lymphangioma and 18 cases of literature consideration reported in Korea. RESULTS: Intraabdominal cystic lymphangioma commonly developed in adults compared to the other lymphangioma, and frequently located in the mesentery. Abdominal pain was the most common symptom, but it was a non-specific finding. Tenderness and abdominal mass were not significantly associated. The size of mass was diverse. Abdominal ultrasonography and abdominal CT were diagnostic tools most commonly used, but preoperative diagnosis was possible only in 22.6%. All patients were discharged without any complications, and no recurrence was reported. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative diagnosis of intraabdominal cystic lymphangioma is difficult and symptoms and signs are not specific. Intra-abdominal cystic lymphangioma should be suspected in patients with non specific abdominal pain and intraabdominal mass and active diagnostic evaluation is mandatory.

Hemorragia rectocolónica aguda masiva secundaria a colitis ulcerosa asociada a lipodistrofía mesentérica colónica / Mesenteric lipodystrophy associated to ulcerative colitis: case report

Mesentenc lipodystrophy is part of a spectrum of idiopathic primary inflammatory and fibrotic processes that affect the mesentery. Pathophysiologically, these processes may affect the integrity of the gastrointestinal lumen and mesenteric vessels by a mass effect. We report a 64 year old male with an ulcerative colitis who consulted in the emergency room due to hematochezia. The computed tomography revealed a marked mesenteric thickening and colon and rectal wall lesions. The patient was subjected to a proctocolectomy with a good postoperative evolution.

La lipodistrofía mesentérica es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica inespecífica progresiva que afecta el tejido adiposo del intestino delgado (mesenterio) o del mesocolon. Su etiología es idiopática y su fisiopatología permanece incierta. La lipodistrofía mesentérica con compromiso colorrectal es una condición muy poco frecuente y su asociación a colitis ulcerosa es aún mßs rara. No hemos encontrado ningún reporte previo en la literatura. Se comunica un caso de lipodistrofía colorrectal asociada a colitis ulcerosa que se presentó con sangrado digestivo bajo agudo masivo.

Disseminated tuberculosis presenting as mesenteric and cerebral abscess in HIV infection: case report

Disseminated tuberculosis in HIV infection involves multiple organs. Pulmonary and lymph node involvement are the commonest form of tuberculosis in HIV infection [1, 2]. Other forms of tuberculosis in the absence of lung and lymph node involvement are rare. Various forms of abdominal [3, 4] and neurological [5, 6] tubercular involvement in HIV infection have been reported. But tuberculosis presenting simultaneously with mesenteric and brain abscess has not been reported yet. We report a case of disseminated tuberculosis presenting as mesenteric and cerebral abscess in a HIV case without involving lung and lymph nodes. Bone marrow smears and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) from mesenteric lesion were positive for acid fast bacilli (AFB) and the diagnosis of tuberculosis was confirmed by positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR). He responded well to treatment with anti tubercular drugs.