Complicações metabólicas relacionadas à terapia de nutrição parenteral em pacientes hospitalizados / Metabolic complications related to parenteral nutrition therapy in hospitalized patients

Investigar as complicações metabólicas relacionadas à administração da terapia nutricional parenteral (TNP) e sua relação com o desfecho clínico de pacientes hospitalizados. Métodos: Estudo longitudinal retrospectivo realizado com pacientes internados em hospital público referência no atendimento de urgências e emergências da cidade de Goiânia no período de setembro de 2020 a fevereiro de 2021. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de consulta aos prontuários eletrônicos. As informações foram coletadas após o primeiro dia de uso da NP até o desfecho clínico -alta, óbito ou descontinuidade da NP. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída por 28 pacientes em uso de nutrição parenteral no hospital durante a etapa de coleta dedados. Desses pacientes a maioria era do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 46,78 anos. As indicações mais frequentes para o uso da terapia nutricional parenteral foram: repouso,abdome agudo e pós-operatório. As complicações mais prevalentes foram a hipocalemia, hipomagnesemia, uremia e a hiponatremia e o desfecho clínico mais frequente foi o óbito. Encontrou-se relação entre desfecho clínico e presença de hipernatremia (p=0,010), ocorrendo a alta hospitalar exclusivamente naqueles pacientes que não apresentaram hipernatremia. E ainda houve relação marginal (p=0,053) entre desfecho clínico e local da internação, sendo que foi mais frequente o óbito naqueles admitidos na unidade de terapia intensiva. Conclusão: Não houve associação entre a TNP e as complicações metabólicas. Todavia, observou-se relação entre hipernatremia e mortalidade, sendo esta mais prevalente em pacientes internados nas unidades de terapia intensiva (UTIs). Nessa amostra, a complicação metabólica mais observada foi a hipocalemia

To investigate the metabolic complication related to administration of the Parenteral Nutrition Therapy (PNT) and their relation to the clinical outcome of hospitalized patients. Methods: retrospective longitudinal study carried with interned patients at a public hospital of standart in the urgency and emergency care from the Goiânia city during the period from september2020 to february 2021. The data capture was realized through consultation to the electronic record. The information was collected after the first day use of NP to clinical outcome -discharge, death or discontinuation of NP. Results: The sample was composed by 28 patients in use of parenteral nutrition at hospital during the data capture. The majority of these patients were male, with mean age of 46-78 anos. The indications more frequent to the use of parenteral nutrition therapy were: rest, acute abdomen and pos-operative. The complications more prevalent were hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, uremia and hyponatremia. And the clinical outcome more frequent was death. A relationship between clinical outcome and hypernatremia presence (p=0,010) was found, occurring the hospitalar discharge exclusively in those patients which did not submit to hypernatremia. And there was still a marginal relationship (p=0,053) between clinical outcome and hospitalization, which was more frequent the death in those admitted in intensive care units. Conclusion: There was no association between the PNT and the metabolic complications. However, there was an observed relationship between hypernatremia and mortality, while more prevalent in patients staying in the intensive care unit (ICU). In this sample, the metabolic complication most observed was hypokalemia

Mortalidad por COVID-19 en México y las enfermedades metabólicas durante el año crítico de la pandemia / COVID-19 mortality in Mexico and metabolic diseases during a critical pandemic year

Conocer la asociación específica de las enfermedades metabólicas en la mortalidad por COVID-19, ocurrida en México durante el año crítico de la pandemia de marzo 2020 a marzo 2021. Método. Se utilizó la base nacional de COVID-19 de la Dirección General de Epidemiología. Se analizaron los casos positivos que presentaron las enfermedades metabólicas: cardiovasculares, hipertensión, diabetes y obesidad. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo para conocer la distribución de los casos fallecidos y no fallecidos. Se empleó la prueba de ji cuadrada para la diferencia de las proporciones. Se utilizaron análisis de regresión logística para conocer la asociación entre las enfermedades metabólicas y la mortalidad por COVID-19 en personas positivas al virus SARS-CoV-2. Los datos fueron ajustados por edad y sexo. Resultados. Se observó la asociación de las enfermedades metabólicas en la mortalidad. La diabetes tuvo mayor porcentaje de letalidad 18,4%. Cuando se conjuntaron las enfermedades cardiovasculares y diabetes el porcentaje de letalidad subió a 31,5%; la conjunción de las enfermedades cardiovasculares, con hipertensión y diabetes fue la de mayor porcentaje de letalidad 38,7%. La obesidad fue la que tuvo menor incidencia. Conclusiones. Las enfermedades metabólicas en México son un problema de salud pública que afectó la mortalidad por covid-19. Es prioritario atender con políticas públicas preventivas y efectivas en favor de un modelo de consumo alimentario sano, acorde con las necesidades nutrimentales de la población(AU)

To know the specific association of metabolic disease on COVID-19 mortality, occurred during the critical year of the pandemic, from march 2020 to march 2021. Method: The Covid-19 national base of the General Directorate of Epidemiology was used. Positive cases of metabolic diseases were analyzed: cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes and obesity. A descriptive analysis was carried out to find out the distribution of deceased and non-deceased cases. The chi-square test was used for the difference in proportions. Logistic regression analysis was used to understand the association between metabolic diseases and COVID 19 mortality in people who tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The data were adjusted for age and gender. Results: The association of metabolic diseases on mortality was observed. Diabetes had a higher percentage of lethality 18,4%. When cardiovascular disease and diabetes were combined, the fatality rate rose to 31,5%; the combination of cardiovascular diseases, with hypertension and diabetes was the highest percentage of lethality 38,7%. Obesity had the least incidence. Conclusions: Metabolic diseases in México are a public health problem that affected COVID-19 mortality. It is a priority to deal with preventive and effective public policies in favor of a healthy food consumption model, in line with the nutritional needs of the population(AU)

Indicadores de desigualdad y mortalidad por enfermedades cardiometabólicas en Guatemala / Inequality indicators and cardiometabolic diseases mortality in Guatemalahttps

La medición de las desigualdades en salud al interior de los países de ingresos bajos y medios es necesaria para la planificación, monitoreo y evaluación de intervenciones de salud pública, especialmente para problemas que contribuyen altamente a la carga de enfermedad, como las enfermedades cardiometabólicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar los patrones de desigualdad de las tasas de mortalidad para las principales causas cardiometabólicas en Guatemala. Se usó datos del Censo Nacional de Población, y estadísticas oficiales de de-función de 2018 para calcular tasas crudas de mortalidad para diabetes (DM), infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM), y accidente cerebrovascular (ACV). Se calcularon indicadores simples y complejos de desigualdad absoluta y relativa (diferencia, razón, índice de pendiente, índice de concentración, distancia de la media, índice de Theil, riesgo atribuible poblacional, y porcentaje de riesgo atribuible poblacional) para seis dimensiones de desigualdad: sexo, pueblo de pertenencia, nivel educativo, tipo de ocupación, departamento y municipio. Se documentaron 6,445 muertes por DM, 5,761 por IAM, y 3,218 por ACV. Los indicadores mostraron marcadas desigualdades para las seis dimensiones estudiadas. El patrón de desigualdad predominante para sexo, pueblo de pertenencia y departamento fue de privación masiva. Para nivel educativo y ocupación predominó un patrón de incrementos escalonados. Se identificó exclusión marginal superpuesta en nivel educativo, ocupación y municipio. Se concluye que los patrones de desigualdad de las tasas de mortalidad para estas tres enfermedades sugieren la superposición de patrones de privación masiva, incrementos escalonados, y exclusión marginal.

Measuring health inequalities within low- and middle-income countries is needed for planning, monitoring, and evaluation of public health interventions, especially for problems that represent a high burden of disease, like cardio metabolic diseases. The goal of this study was to characterize inequality patterns in mortality rates from cardio metabolic causes in Guatemala. Data from the 2018 National Population Census, and official vital statistics were used to estimate crude mortality rates for diabetes (DM), acute myocardial infarction (IAM), and stroke (ACV). Simple and complex indicators of absolute and relative inequality (difference, ratio, slope index, concentration index, distance from the mean, Theil index, population attributable risk, and percentage of popula-tion attributable risk) were calculated for six dimensions of inequality: sex, race/ethnicity, education level, type of occupation, department, and municipality. A total of 6,445 DM deaths, 5,761 IAM deaths, and 3,218 ACV deaths were documented. Indicators showed marked inequalities for the six dimensions studied. Massive deprivation was the predominant inequality pattern for sex, race/ethnicity, and department. Staggered increments were iden-tified for education level and type of occupation. Overlapping marginal exclusion was found for education level, occupation, and municipality. We conclude that inequality patterns found for the three causes of death suggest overlapping patterns of mass deprivation, staggered increments, and marginal exclusion.

Mortality predictors of epilepsy and epileptic seizures among hospitalized elderly / Preditores de mortalidade de epilepsia e crises epilépticas entre idosos hospitalizados

Epilepsy and epileptic seizures are common brain disorders in the elderly and are associated with increased mortality that may be ascribed to the underlying disease or epilepsy-related causes. Objective To describe mortality predictors of epilepsy and epileptic seizures in elderly inpatients.Method Retrospective analysis was performed on hospitalized elderly who had epilepsy or epileptic seizures, from January 2009 to December 2010. One hundred and twenty patients were enrolled.Results The most common etiology was ischemic stroke (37%), followed by neoplasias (13%), hemorrhagic stroke (12%), dementias (11.4%) and metabolic disturbances (5.5%). In a univariate analysis, disease duration (p = 0.04), status epilepticus (p < 0.001) and metabolic etiology (p = 0.005) were associated with mortality. However after adjustment by logistic regression, only status epilepticus remained an independent predictor of death (odds ratio = 13; 95%CI = 2.3 to 72; p = 0.004).Conclusion In this study status epilepticus was an independent risk factor for death during hospitalization.

Epilepsia e crises epilépticas são transtornos cerebrais comuns em idosos e estão associadas com uma taxa de mortalidade elevada que pode ser atribuída à etiologia ou a causas relacionadas à epilepsia. Objetivo Descrever preditores de mortalidade em pacientes idosos internados com epilepsia e crise epiléptica.Método Estudo retrospectivo, envolvendo idosos hospitalizados, de 60 anos ou mais, que foram admitidos de janeiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2010 por terem apresentado epilepsia e crises epilépticas durante a hospitalização. Cento e vinte pacientes foram incluídos no estudo.Resultados A etiologia mais comum foi o acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico (37%), seguido por neoplasias (13%), acidente vascular cerebral hemorrágico (12%), demências (11,4%) e distúrbios metabólicos (5,5%). Na análise univariada, duração da doença (p = 0,04), estado de mal epiléptico (p < 0,001) e etiologia metabólica (p = 0,005) estiveram associados com mortalidade. Entretanto, após ajuste por regressão logística, apenas estado de mal epiléptico permaneceu como preditor independente de morte (odds ratio = 13; IC95% = 2,3 a 72; p = 0,004).Conclusão Neste estudo, estado de mal epiléptico foi um fator independente de risco para morte durante hospitalização.

Nutrición en el síndrome hipermetabólico y difución multiorgánica / Nutrition in the hypermetabolism and propensity to develop progresive organ dysfuntion syndrome

En las modernas UCI quirúrgicas un nuevo tipo de paciente con hipermetabolismo y una gran propensión a desarrollar el síndrome de difución multiorgánica (SDMO) ha aparecido como una entidad clínica debido al avance de la tecnología médica, de la información médica y de la investigación científica aplicada al tratamiento de los pacientes críticos y constituye el estado final de la respuesta hipermetabólica a ciertos estados críticos. El SDMO constituye la primera causa de muerte en el paciente críticos quirúrgicos siendo responsable del 75 por ciento de las muertes en las UCI quirúrgicas. Puesto que la desnutrición es una manifestación prominente de ambos problemas, un paso lógico en el manejo de estos pacientes es el de aplicar un protocolo de soporte nutricional bien definido