ABSTRACT
A higher frequency of chronic renal disease is observed in obese patients, suggesting a pathogenic association between both conditions. Obesity unmasks clinical manifestations of chronic kidney disease such as high blood pressure, which may accelerate its progression. Obesity also promotes hyper filtration and the appearance of microalbuminuria, activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and is associated with high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore weight reduction may slow the progression of chronic renal disease and reduce its associated cardiovascular risk factors.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Adiposity/genetics , Genetic Variation/genetics , Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins/genetics , Metabolome/genetics , Obesity/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics , Adiponectin/blood , Alleles , Body Fat Distribution , Body Mass Index , Body Weight , Genome-Wide Association Study , Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics , Membrane Proteins , Meta-Analysis as Topic , Subcutaneous FatABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Diets are the important players in regulating plasma lipid profiles. And the R219K polymorphism at the gene of ATP-binding cassette transporter 1(ABCA1) was reported to be associated with the profiles. However, no efforts have been made to investigate the changes of lipid profiles after a high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet in different subjects with different genotypes of this polymorphism. This study was to evaluate the effects of ABCA1 R219K polymorphism on serum lipid and apolipoprotein (apo) ratios induced by a high-carbohydrate/low-fat (high-CHO) diet. After a washout diet of 54.1% carbohydrate for 7 days, 56 healthy young subjects (22.89 ± 1.80 years old) were given a high-CHO diet of 70.1% carbohydrate for 6 days. Height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, glucose (Glu), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apoA-1 and apoB-100 were measured on the 1st, 8th and 14th days of this study. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratios (WHR), log(TG/HDL-C), TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C and apoA-1/apoB-100 were calculated. ABCA1 R219K was analyzed by a PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS: The results indicate that the male subjects of all the genotypes had higher WHR than their female counterparts on the 1st, 8th and 14th days of this study. The male K carriers had higher log(TG/HDL-C) and TC/HDL-C than the female carriers on the 1st and 14th days, and higher LDL-C/HDL-C on the 14th day. When compared with that on the 8th day, TC/HDL-C was decreased regardless of the genotypes and genders on the 14th day. Log(TG/HDL-C) was increased in the males with the RR genotype and the female K carriers. Lowered BMI, Glu and LDL-C/HDL-C were found in the male K carriers, but only lowered BMI in the female K carriers and only lowered LDL-C/HDL-C in the females with the RR genotype. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that ABCA1 R219K polymorphism is associated differently in males and females with elevated log(TG/HDL-C) and decreased LDL-C/HDL-C induced by the high-CHO diet.