Fipronil/(S)-methoprene spot-on to control fleas on cats in a field trial in Spain

The study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of a fipronil/(S)-methoprene formulation against fleas on naturally infested cats. The study involved a population of 89 cats distributed among 24 veterinary practices in 9 regions of Spain. The product was applied according to label instructions on days 0, 30 and 60. Animals underwent parasitological and clinical assessments on day 0 and thereafter in monthly intervals (every 30 days) until day 90. Ctenocephalides felis was the most abundant species (98.9% of all fleas collected), and flea abundance on Day 0 was associated with the hair type, the location of the household, and the time elapsed from the last anti-flea treatment. Fipronil/(S)-methoprene demonstrated high efficacy and induced the reduction of clinical signs related to the presence of fleas. Clinical signs and flea abundance decreased significantly throughout time (P=0.001) with an efficacy rate of 72.6% at Day 30, 88.4% at Day 60 and 93.9% at Day 90. A high level of flea control and a remission of the clinical signs related to presence of fleas were observed on cats following 3 monthly applications a fipronil/(S)-methoprene formulation.(AU)

Susceptibilidade do besouro rola-bosta africano a reguladores de crescimento de insetos / Susceptibility of African dung beetle to insect growth regulators

Verificou-se a ação dos reguladores de crescimento de insetos (IGR), diflubenzuron e methoprene, sobre o besouro rola-bosta africano, Digitonthophagus gazella (Fabricius), um inimigo natural da mosca-dos-chifres, Haematobia irritans irritans (Linnaeus). Casais de besouros foram colocados em baldes contendo terra úmida e alimentados com fezes bovinas contendo 1, 0,5 ou 0,2ppm de diflubenzuron e 0,2ppm de methoprene. Os insetos e sua prole foram recuperados com o auxílio de armadilhas pitfall. Diflubenzuron e methoprene não afetaram a sobrevivência dos adultos inicialmente expostos, mas interferiram na produção de descendentes. Diflubenzuron, nas concentrações de 1 e 0,5ppm, também afetou a duração do ciclo de vida dos besouros. Nenhum dos IGRs alterou a razão sexual dos descendentes obtidos. As concentrações testadas de diflubenzuron mostraram-se moderadamente nocivas ao besouro enquanto methoprene a 0,2ppm mostrou ser pouco nocivo, segundo os critérios da International Organization for Biological Control.

The effects of insect growth regulators (IGR), diflubenzuron and methoprene, on African dung beetle, Digitonthophagus gazella (Fabricius), a natural enemy of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans (Linnaeus), was studied. Beetles were placed in buckets partially filled with humid soil and were fed bovine feces containing 1, 0.5, or 0.2ppm diflubenzuron and 0.2ppm methoprene. Insects and their progenies were recovered by pitfall traps. Diflubenzuron and methoprene did not affect the survival of the adults but reduced their progenies. Diflubenzuron 1 and 0.5ppm also affected the life cicle of the beetles. None of the IGR modified the gender ratio of the progenies. According to the IOBC criteria, diflubenzuron tested concentrations showed to be moderately harmful to the beetles, whereas methoprene 0.2ppm was slightly harmful.

Efectividad de metopreno en el control de Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann (Diptera: Culicidae) en condiciones de laboratorio: efecto de la densidad larvaria / Efficacy of metropeno for the control of Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann (Diptera: Culicidae) in laboratory conditions: effect of larval density

Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann ha sido considerado en condiciones naturales como el principal vector de la malaria humana en América Central. Metopreno es un análogo sintético de la hormona juvenil y es muy usado en el control de larvas de mosquitos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la densidad larvaria de An. albimanus sobre la eficacia de metopreno (Altosid- G, 1.5%) utilizando larvas de cuarto instar temprano provenientes de una población colonizada de la especie. Se evalúo la efectividad de una formulación granulada del producto (Altosid-G, 1.5%) a la concentración de 0.150 ppm del ingrediente activo y usando diferentes densidades de larvas An. albimanus. Las densidades probadas fueron de 20, 40, 80, 100 y 160 larvas por litro de solución de metopreno a 0.150 ppm. Se colocaron las respectivas cantidades de larvas de forma simultánea para todos los tratamientos (densidades) y cada grupo control (sin metopreno). Según los resultados obtenidos el aumento de la densidad de larvas de An. albimanus afectó negativamente la efectividad del producto, encontrándose diferencias estadísticas altamente significativas entre diferentes densidades. A medida que aumentó el número de larvas expuestas al producto, disminuyó el porcentaje de mortalidad de pupas. Se observó un aumento de la supervivencia de pupas sobre todo a las mayores densidades probadas (80, 100 y 160 larvas/L). Asimismo, la duración del período larva del 4to instar-pupa, se modificó (alargó) tanto por efecto de la densidad larvaria como del tratamiento con metopreno (0.150 ppm). Se encontró una relación lineal inversa entre la densidad larvaria y la mortalidad de pupas por efecto de metopreno. Asimismo, se presentó una relación lineal directa entre la densidad de larvas y la duración del período larva del cuarto instar-pupa (en el grupo tratado).

Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti (L) to the insect growth regulators diflubenzuron and methoprene in Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais

Aedes aegypti (L) (Diptera: Culicidae) was reared in several concentrations of diflubenzuron and methoprene under laboratory conditions in Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. Characteristics such as LC50 and LC95, the susceptibility of immature stages of different ages to these insect growth regulators and their residual effects were studied. The LC50 and LC95 of diflubenzuron and methoprene were 5.19 and 12.24 ppb; 19.95 and 72.08 ppb, respectively. While diflubenzuron caused great mortality in all larval instars, methoprene was more effective when the mosquito was exposed from the start of the fourth larval instar onwards. Commercial concentrations of these two insect growth regulators close to LC95 presented greater residual activity than did their respective technical formulations. The parameters were compared with those obtained elsewhere. The characteristics investigated here indicate that these insect growth regulators are effective alternatives for controlling the dengue vector in the Uberlândia region.

Aedes aegypti (L) (Diptera: Culicidae) foi criado em várias concentrações de diflubenzuron e methoprene sob condições de laboratório em Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, sudeste do Brasil. Foram estudados aspectos tais como, CL50 e CL95, suscetibilidade de estágios imaturos de diferentes idades a estes insect growth regulators e seu efeito residual. As CL50 e CL95 de diflubenzuron e methoprene foram: 5,19 e 12,24ppb; 19,95 e 72,08ppb, respectivamente. Enquanto diflubenzuron causou grande mortalidade em todos os estádios larvais, methoprene causou maior mortalidade quando o mosquito foi exposto a partir do início do quarto estádio larval. As concentrações comerciais dos dois insect growth regulators próximas às CL95 mostraram maior atividade residual que suas respectivas formulações técnicas. Os parâmetros são comparados com aqueles obtidos em outros locais. Os aspectos aqui investigados indicam estes insect growth regulators como alternativas efetivas para o controle do vetor da dengue na região de Uberlândia.

Evaluación de la actividad larvicida del metopreno (Altosid) sobre mosquitos vectores, en un área de alta transmisión / Methoprene (altosid) larvicide's activity determination on vector mosquitoes in a high transmission area

Objetivos: Determinar la actividad larvicida de la hormona reguladora de crecimiento metopreno. Diseño: Estudio experimental. Lugares: Instituto de Investigación de Ciencias Biológicas Antonio Raimondi, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Sub-Región de Salud de Madre de Dios. Centro de Investigación Biológica para el Desarrollo Amazónico. Material biológico: Larvas de Aedes aegypti en estadios III y IV. Intervenciones: Se realizó 3 bioensayos de laboratorio para evaluar la actividad larvicida de la hormona reguladora de crecimiento metopreno (Altosid) sobre 7 000 larvas de Aedes aegypti, en los estadios III y IV, a nivel de laboratorio y sobre criaderos naturales de Anopheles benarrochi. La población larval se obtuvo de los criaderos ubicados en las comunidades de La Cachuela, La Joya y Las Piedras, situadas en la provincia de Tambopata (Puerto Maldonado), departamento de Madre de Dios. La actividad larvicida se determinó con 2 dosis del metopreno, 0,004 y 0,008 g/L. Se realizó los bioensayos por triplicado, utilizando agua de criadero. Para determinar la eficacia y susceptibilidad, se hizo lecturas a las 24, 48, 72 y 96 horas después del tratamiento. Principales medidas de resultados: Actividad larvicida del metopreno. Resultados: Se obtuvo una mortalidad de 85,2 por ciento y 92 por ciento, para las diluciones de 0,004 y 0,008 g/L, en el laboratorio y en los criaderos naturales, respectivamente. La dosis letal media (DL50) fue 0,0018, 0,0014, 0,0017 y 0,0012 g/L, a las 24, 48, 72 y 96 horas, respectivamente. La aplicación sobre los criaderos se realizó con la dosis de 0,008 g/L de metopreno, obteniéndose una DL50 de 0,0056, 0,0048, 0,0034 y 0,0025 g/L a las 24, 48, 72 y 96 horas, respectivamente. La DL90 fue de 0,0098, 0,0086 g/L, 0,008 g/L y 0,0070 g/L, a las 24, 48, 72 y 96 horas, respectivamente...

Objectives: To determine growth regulating hormone methoprene larvicide's activity. Design: Experimental study. Setting: Instituto de Investigacion de Ciencias Biologicas Antonio Raimondi, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Sub-Region de Salud de Madre de Dios. Centro de Investigacion Biologica para el Desarrollo Amazonico. Biologic material: Stages III and IV Aedes aegypti larves. Interventions: Three laboratory bioessays were done to determine regulating hormone methoprene (Altosid) on 7 000 stages III and IV Aedes aegypti larves, in the laboratory and in Anopheles benarrochi natural breeding places. Larval population was obtained from breeding places located in La Cachuela, La Joya and Las Piedras communities, Tambopata province (Puerto Maldonado), Madre de Dios department. Larvicide activity was determined by 2 methoprene doses, 0,004 and 0,008 g/L. Bioessays were done by triplicate using breeding places water. Readings at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours following treatment were done to determine both efficacy and susceptibility. Main outcome measures: Methoprene larvicide activity. Results: Mortality of 85,2 per cent and 92 per cent was obtained for 0,004 and 0,008 g/L dilutions, both at the laboratory and natural breeding places. Median lethal doses (LD50) were 0,0018, 0,0014, 0,0017 and 0,0012 g/L, at 24, 48, 72 y 96 hours respectively. Application on breeding places was done with 0,008 g/L methoprene dosis obtaining 0,0056, 0,0048, 0,0034 and 0,0025 g/L LD50 at 24, 48, 72 y 96 hours, respectively. LD90 was 0,0098, 0,0086 g/L, 0,008 g/L and 0,0070 g/L, at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours respectively, obtaining 100 per cent mortality at 96 hours. Conclusions: Maximum effectiveness was obtained with methoprene 0,008 g/L dose at 96 hours.

Effect of insect growth regulators on protein pattern of dermatophagoides farinae and its validity on inducing human alleregens

Two insect growth regulators, Methorprene and Hydroprene were evaluated as growth hormones one the common house dust mite; Dermatophagoides farinae. The adults and immature stages were treated with 4 concentrations of each regulator as contact and as diet. The data were recorded 30 and 90 days post- exposure. Both compounds significantly suppressed population growth, as compared to >/= 5% acetone controls. Methoprene was more effective than Hydroprene when given in diet by corporation bioassays but, slightly more effective for the 1st 30 days of the contact assays. A second set of contact and diet -incorporation assays was done using a 75% of Methoprene and Hydroprene to determine efficacy on D. farinae population dynamics, at weekly intervals for 13 weeks. The average number of the mites in the untreated control population was increased by more than 10 times than the original ones. One the other hand, the number of treated mites was not significantly increased. This was similar for both the contact and the diet-incorporation bioassays, although the average number of mites/container was significantly higher when the treatment was incorporated in the house dust mite diet than when applied directly as contact. Consequently, the insect growth regulators minimized the allergic efficacy of D. farinae experimental exposed mice

Modulatory influence of juvenile hormone analogue (JHa) and 20-hydroxyecdysone on lipophorin synthesis in red cotton bug, Dysdercus cingulatus Fabr.

Topical supply of methoprene, a juvenile hormone analogue (JHa) caused notable morphological disturbance in insects. Topical supply of methoprene to newly emerged adult female D. cingulatus caused notable disturbance and induced a dramatic reduction in the total haemolymph protein pattern and lipophorin production in tissues like fat body, ovary and haemolymph. Total protein concentration in haemolymph also showed significant reduction in 1 day old insects but increased slightly as age advanced. Application of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE) to 2-day-old adult female stimulated protein synthesis intensively. Lipophorin levels in fat body and ovary also simultaneously increased. Densitometric analysis revealed that methoprene inhibits while 20-HE stimulates lipophorin production in D. cingulatus.

Evaluation of methoprene effect on Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) development in laboratory conditions

Several Brazilian Aedes aegypti populations are resistant to the larvicidae temephos. Methoprene, that inhibits adult emergence, is one of the alternatives envisaged by the Brazilian Dengue Control Program (PNCD). However, at Brazil vector infestation rates are measured through larvae indexes and it has been claimed that methoprene use in the field could face operational problems. In order to define a standardized protocol, methoprene effect was evaluated in laboratory conditions after continuous exposure of larvae (Rockefeller strain) to a methoprene formulation available to the PNCD. Methoprene-derived mortality occurs mainly at the pupa stage and pupa development is inversely proportional to methoprene concentration. Number and viability of eggs laid by treated and control females are equivalent. A methoprene dose-dependent delay in the development was noted; however, b correlations were found for total mortality or adult emergence inhibition if data obtained when all control mosquitoes have emerged are compared to data obtained when methoprene-treated groups finish development. The cumulative record of total methoprene-induced mortality at the time control adults emerge is proposed for routine evaluation of field populations. Mortality of all specimens, but not of larva, could account for adult emergence inhibition, confirming the inadequacy of larvae indexes to evaluate methoprene effect.

Persistence of Vectobac WDG and Metoprag S-2G against Aedes aegypti larvae using a semi-field bioassay in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

A persistência de Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Vectobac WDG) e de Metoprene (Metoprag S-2G) contra larvas de terceiro estadio de Aedes aegypti (linhagem Rockefeller) foi avaliada em ensaios simulados de campo. Os testes foram realizados no Rio de Janeiro, em recipientes domésticos para estoque de água de plástico, ferro, cimento ou amianto, instalados em área sombreada. As formulações foram usadas nas concentrações de 0.2g / 100 l (Vectobac-WDG) e 1g / 100 l (Metoprag S-2G). Vectobac WDG foi submetido a dois testes, em março e abril/maio, 2002. Em março (temperaturas entre 21.5 e 39.3 ºC), 70-100% de mortalidade foi observada no sétimo dia, declinando posteriormente. Não houve diferença significativa entre os recipientes. Em abril / maio (18.6 a 34.8 ºC) a mortalidade foi superior a 70% até 30-36 dias em todos os casos, exceto no recipiente de ferro (40% de mortalidade no 12º dia). Metoprag S-2G, avaliado em abril / maio, 2002, induziu mortalidade acima de 70% durante 15 dias nos recipientes de plástico e de ferro e por apenas sete dias naquele de cimento. No recipiente de amianto, nunca se atingiu 70% de mortalidade. Estes resultados apontam para uma baixa persistência de ambas formulações nas condições climáticas do Rio de Janeiro.

Morphogenetic derangements in the reproductive system of Bracon hebetor, a beneficial parasitoid, bred on juvenoid treated host (Corcyra cephalonica) larvae.

Effect of juvenoids (hydroprene and methoprene) on the ecto-parasite B. hebetor was investigated by rearing them upon the juvenoid treated ultimate instar host larvae of C. cephalonica. Emerged adultoid wasps of either sexes obtained from treated series showed anatomical deformities in the reproductive systems. Ill-developed ovaries with reduced length, terminally free ovarioles and abnormal testicular growth showing non-fusion of lobes were the important abnormal features. Data on measurements of male reproductive system, e.g., width (transverse axis) of testis, length of common vas deferens plus ejaculatory duct and length of accessory gland showed significant difference (P < 0.05) from control.

Comparaçao da efectividade dos insecticidas abate e altosid no controle do aedes aegypti: Linnaeus 1762 / Effectivity comparison 2 insecticides abate and altosid in the control of aedes aegypti: Linnaeus 1762

Atualmente a Fundaçao Nacional de Saúde, a nivel nacional, utiliza o Abate no controle de aedes aegypti na dosagem de 1,0 ppm no tratamento focal. Esta concentraçao representa uma margem de segurança de 100 por ciento aproximadamente, porém na base deste programa estao certamente os problemas relacionados com a possível resistência e eliminaçao dos inimigos naturais em meio aquático. Estando atento a esse possível acontecimiento é que procurou-se alternativa capaz de garantir a mesma eficácia. Sendo assim, desenvolveu-se um experimento para analisar e comparar a efetividade dos insecticidas Abate e Altosid. Estuou-se a efetividade e o desenvolvimento das larvas durante 11 semanas em três concentraçoes a saber: Abate - 1,0 ppm, 0,77 ppm e 0,5 ppm; Altosid - 1,3 ppm, 0,65 ppm e 0,32 ppm. Neste período observou-se que o Abate apresentou 100 por ciento de efetividade nas três concentraçoes durante todo o teste. Já o Altosid, teve sua efetividade reduzida gradativamente a partir da 4º semana chegando na 11º na maior, 1,67 por ciento na intermediária e 10,0 por ciento na menor concentraçao. Concluiu-se que o Abate ainda oferece melhores resultados que o Altosid. Em relaçao ao Abate acredita-se que o uso de uma concentraçao menor oferecería as mesmas perspectivas que a usada pela FNS atualmente. Quanto ao Altosid, nao podemos considerálo como boa alternativa

Efecto de los inhibidores del desarrollo en insectos contra Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) / Effect to insect development inhibitors against Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Se realizó un estudio en condiciones de laboratorio donde se evaluó la efectividad de 2 reguladores del crecimiento de insectos, diflubenzuron y metopreno, contra larvas de Culex quinquefasciatus, un mosquito indicador de la presencia de aguas contaminadas, persistente picador nocturno en zonas urbanas y transmisor de filariasis humana. El diseño experimental contempló la realización de 3 bioensayos para cada cepa y producto, y la utilización de grupos controles y factores abióticos controlados. Los principales resultados mostraron que ambos productos fueron efectivos contra esta especie, destacándose el diflubenzuron por una mayor actividad biológica (p < 0,01). estos resultados posibilitan mejorar el saneamiento ambiental contra este mosquito mediante la inclusión de estos compuestos de programas de lucha integrada

Toxicity and effect of nicotine dust and methoprene on the fertility and fecundity of red cotton stainer dysdercus koenigii [fabr] [hemiptera: pyrrhocoridae] of KU strain

The adults of Dysdercus koenigii [Fabricius] were treated with different concentrations of nicotine dust and methoprene and the LD 50 was calculated as 60.00 micro g/adult and 6.8 micro g/adult, respectively and it was observed that methoprene has lesser LD50 as compared to nicotine dust but produces more abnormalities. It was also observed that both compounds increase the hatching period

report on field testing of methoprene [IGR] for mosquito control [Pakistan]

A large scale field trial under natural conditions was conducted to observe biological effects of methoprene on mosquito immature and mature stages. In addition non-target invertebrates [N. T. Os] in the treated breeding places were also checked for any adverse effect. One dose of Altosid briquet formulation one briquete per 100 sq. ft. and two dosages 250 ml/hect. and 300 ml/hect. of liquid SR-10 methoprene were tested. Negligible% [less than 1%] adult mosquitoes emerging from pupae were observed during the first week after treatment with briquets or 300 ml/hect. On 18

h day of observation after treatment only 50% adults emerged from breeding places treated with 300 ml/hect. and same% from treated with briquets but on the 21

t day after treatment. Morphological abnormalities were noticed among the surviving adults, emerging between 6-15 days after treatment. Significant sex proportion distortion was also noticed among the apparent normal adults emerging between 3-12 days after treatment. Both the formulations of methoprene were found to be very safe in handling and for N. T. Os

Biological effects of methoprene on the larvae of cat flea ctenocephalides felis under different conditions

The present study was carried out to determine the effects of methoprene [IGR] on Florida cat flea strain, Ctenocephalides felis on some biological aspects, e.g. mortality, duration of larval and pupal stages and emergence of adults. These experiments were undertaken at both fluctuating outdoor conditions of temperature and relative humidity [16-35.5?C and 25-98% R.H.] and at constant low temperature [9?G] and mild R.H. [73%]. The present data indicated that the methoprene had hazardious effects on the pupation of larvae and adult emergence at outdoor conditions than at the controlled conditions of constant low temp. and mild R.H. The larval mortality increased with the increase of methoprene concentration at outdoor conditions only

Effects of cyromazin and methoprene on the developmental stages of Anopheles dirus, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera : Culicidae).

The effects of two chemical compounds, cyromazin and methoprene, on the developmental stages of Anopheles dirus, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus were investigated under laboratory conditions, with the mean temperature of 24 degrees +/- 1 degree C and the relative humidity at 65-75%. Both compounds were tested against the second, third and fourth instar larvae. The concentrations of cyromazin used for An. dirus and Cx. quinquefasciatus ranged from 0.0008 to 0.5 mg/l; and for Ae. aegypti from 0.004 to 2.5 mg/l. The concentrations of methoprene used for An. dirus, Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus ranged from 0.00016 to 0.1 mg/l. The mortality rates were found to be relatively high in larval and pupal stages when treated with cyromazin and methoprene. The primary toxic effects of cyromazin were on the second stage larvae. The LC50 values for cyromazin on the second, third and fourth stage larvae were, respectively, 0.0027, 0.0042 and 0.0114 mg/l for An. dirus, and 0.1662, 0.2307 and 0.3005 mg/l for Ae. aegypti. Cx. quinquefasciatus was the most sensitive species to cyromazin with LC50 values for second, third and fourth stage larvae of 0.0015, 0.0068 and 0.0130 mg/l, respectively. The primary toxic effects of methoprene were in the fourth stage larvae. The LC50 values for methoprene on the second, third and fourth stage larvae were, respectively, 0.0110, 0.0041 and 0.0022 mg/l for An. dirus, and 0.0077, 0.0034 and 0.0025 mg/l for Ae. aegypti. Cx. quinquefasciatus was the most sensitive species to methoprene, with LC50 values for second, third and fourth stage larvae of 0.0013, 0.0008 and 0.0006 mg/l, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)